Microbiological As(III) Oxidation and Immobilization as Scorodite at Moderate Temperatures

The potential utility of mesophilic/moderately thermophilic acidophiles was investigated for immobilization of arsenic (As) as scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) at moderate temperatures (35–45 °C). Here, the acid-tolerant mesophile Thiomonas cuprina Hö5 and acidophilic moderately thermophile Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans ICP were selected as As (III)- and Fe (II)- oxidizers, respectively. Due to a difference in their optimal growth pHs, a 2-step reaction consisting of the 1st As (III) oxidation step followed by the Fe (II) oxidation + precipitation step was studied. In our previous study, the optimal [Fe (II)]ini/[As (III)]ini molar ratio for bioscorodite formation at 70 °C was shown to be around 1.4. However, setting the same molar ratio at moderate temperatures (35-45 °C) resulted in formation of unstable amorphous ferric arsenate. Lowering the ratio to ≤ 1.0 led to precipitation of crystalline bioscorodite with > 90% As (III) removal at 45 °C.

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Growth and Phylogenetic Properties of Novel Bacteria Belonging to the Epsilon Subdivision of the Proteobacteria Enriched fromAlvinella pompejana and Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.67.10.4566-4572.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 4566-4572 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Barbara J. Campbell ◽

Christian Jeanthon ◽

Joel E. Kostka ◽

George W. Luther ◽

S. Craig Cary

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Hydrothermal Vent ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Ribosomal Gene ◽

Moderately Thermophilic ◽

Novel Bacteria

ABSTRACT Recent molecular characterizations of microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal sites indicate the predominance of bacteria belonging to the epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria(epsilon Proteobacteria). Here, we report the first enrichments and characterizations of four epsilonProteobacteria that are directly associated withAlvinella pompejana, a deep sea hydrothermal vent polychete, or with hydrothermal vent chimney samples. These novel bacteria were moderately thermophilic sulfur-reducing heterotrophs growing on formate as the energy and carbon source. In addition, two of them (Am-H and Ex-18.2) could grow on sulfur lithoautrotrophically using hydrogen as the electron donor. Optimal growth temperatures of the bacteria ranged from 41 to 45°C. Phylogenetic analysis of the small-subunit ribosomal gene of the two heterotrophic bacteria demonstrated 95% similarity to Sulfurospirillum arcachonense, an epsilon Proteobacteria isolated from an oxidized marine surface sediment. The autotrophic bacteria grouped within a deeply branching clade of the epsilonProteobacteria, to date composed only of uncultured bacteria detected in a sample from a hydrothermal vent along the mid-Atlantic ridge. A molecular survey of various hydrothermal vent environments demonstrated the presence of two of these bacteria (Am-N and Am-H) in more than one geographic location and habitat. These results suggest that certain epsilonProteobacteria likely fill important niches in the environmental habitats of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, where they contribute to overall carbon and sulfur cycling at moderate thermophilic temperatures.

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Production of Novel Exopolysaccharide with Emulsifying Ability from Marine Microorganism, Alteromonas sp. Strain 00SS11568

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.155 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 277-279 ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joung Han Yim ◽

Se Hun Ahn ◽

Sung Jin Kim ◽

Yoo Kyung Lee ◽

Kyu Jin Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Compounds ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Average Molecular Mass ◽

Emulsifying Ability

To find a novel exopolysaccharide, marine bacterial strains were isolated from coastal regions of Korea. Strain 00SS11568 was then selected as it produced a mucous exopolysaccharide during the stationary phase in a batch culture. The isolate was identified as Alteromonas sp. based on its 16S rDNA sequence, morphological, and biochemical properties. The exopolysaccharide, designated as p-11568, exhibited an emulsifying ability. The Emulsification Index (E24) of 0.1% p- 11568 was 77.4% with an emulsified kerosene content, and was higher than those of commercial polysaccharides, such as xanthan gum (26.1%), gellan gum (1.3%), and sodium alginate (2.0%). p- 11568 was found to be composed of glucose and galactose as the main natural sugars in a molar ratio of 1.3:1, along with uronic acid (18.9%, w/w) and sulfate groups (1.2% w/w). The average molecular mass was 4.4 x 105 daltons by gel filtration chromatography. The effects of pH, temperature, inorganic compounds, and C and N sources were tested to obtain the optimal medium composition for the production of p-11568. Under optimal growth conditions with the M-11568 medium, 14.9 g of crude p-11568 per liter was obtained.

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A soil fungus tolerant to extreme acidity and high salt concentrations

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m74-158 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1023-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. D. Gould ◽

J. I. Fujikawa ◽

F. D. Cook

Keyword(s):

Soil Fungus ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Low Ph ◽

High Salt ◽

Acid Tolerant

An extremely acid-tolerant fungus in the genus Scytalidium was isolated from a soil of very low pH. Optimal growth of the fungus occurred between pH 1.0 and 2.0. The fungus tolerated acid concentrations of 2.0 N and salt concentrations up to and including 1.0 M. Growth in the presence of acids was affected primarily by the anion present but in high salt concentrations, no trends were apparent. Other isolates resembling this fungus have been obtained from similar environments, indicating that this species may be common to very acid environments.

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Thermobacillus composti sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a composting reactor

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.64672-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 1473-1477 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Keiko Watanabe ◽

Norio Nagao ◽

Shuich Yamamoto ◽

Tatsuki Toda ◽

Norio Kurosawa

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Thermophilic Bacterium ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Rrna Gene Sequence ◽

Moderately Thermophilic

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, spore-forming and moderately thermophilic bacterium, strain KWC4T, was isolated from a composting reactor. Cells of strain KWC4T were 2.0–5.0 μm long and 0.5–0.7 μm in diameter. Strain KWC4T grew aerobically at 32–61 °C, with optimal growth occurring at 50 °C. It grew at pH 5.6–10.1, with optimal growth at around pH 9.0. The optimum NaCl concentration for growth was almost 0 % (w/v), but strain KWC4T was moderately halotolerant and was able to grow at NaCl concentrations up to 4.4 % (w/v). The DNA G+C content of strain KWC4T was 60.0 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-16 : 0 (39.0 %) and anteiso-15 : 0 (33.3 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity data, strain KWC4T belonged to the genus Thermobacillus and was related to Thermobacillus xylanilyticus. However, strain KWC4T had a 38 bp insertion sequence located near the 3′ end of its 16S rRNA gene that was not present in T. xylanilyticus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value between strain KWC4T and T. xylanilyticus was 95.7 %. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain KWC4T and T. xylanilyticus strain XET was 66 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic evidence, strain KWC4T (=DSM 18247T=JCM 13945T) is the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Thermobacillus composti sp. nov. is proposed.

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Georgenia sediminis sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from sediment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.051714-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (Pt_11) ◽

pp. 4243-4247 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Zhi-Qing You ◽

Jie Li ◽

Sheng Qin ◽

Xin-Peng Tian ◽

Fa-Zuo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

Minor Component ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

Moderately Thermophilic ◽

Link Type ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

Ph Range ◽

A Minor

A Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated strain SCSIO 15020T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea, and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The temperature range for growth was 24–60 °C, with optimal growth occurring at 50 °C. The pH range for growth was 6–10 (optimum pH 8–9). The NaCl concentration range for growth was 0–5 % (w/v). The peptidoglycan type was A4α. Polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unknown polar lipid. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4); MK-7(H4) was present as a minor component. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain SCSIO 15020T was 73.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SCSIO 15020T belonged to the genus Georgenia , with the closest neighbours being Georgenia muralis 1A-CT (96.3 % similarity), Georgenia thermotolerans TT02-04T (95.7 %) and Georgenia ruanii YIM 004T (95.6 %). Based on evidence from the present polyphasic study, strain SCSIO 15020T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Georgenia , for which the name Georgenia sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 15020T ( = DSM 25884T = NBRC 108941T).

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Phenylobacterium lituiforme sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium from a subsurface aquifer, and emended description of the genus Phenylobacterium

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.63138-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 2141-2146 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Sungwan Kanso ◽

Bharat K. C. Patel

Keyword(s):

Yeast Extract ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Thermophilic Bacterium ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Moderately Thermophilic ◽

Registration Number ◽

Flowing Waters

A facultative anaerobic bacterium, strain FaiI3T, was isolated from samples collected from the free-flowing waters of a bore well (Fairlea Bore, registration number 3768) which taps into the Australian Great Artesian Basin subsurface thermal aquifer. Strain FaiI3T developed yellow to pale-yellow colonies (0·5–1·5 mm) after 48 h. The non-spore forming rods (0·5×1–3 μm) were slightly curved, occurred singly and as pairs and were motile with a single polar flagellum. Cells tended to form clumps in liquid medium and rosettes were commonly observed. The cells stained Gram-negative and electron micrographs of thin sections revealed a multi-layered complex Gram-negative cell wall structure. Strain FaiI3T grew optimally at 40–41 °C, with growth observed at 45 °C but not at 50 °C. The pH growth range was between pH 6 and 9 and optimal growth occurred between pH 6 and 6·5. Strain FaiI3T grew best with yeast extract as the sole carbon and energy source. Peptone, yeast extract, acetate, xylose, sucrose, glucose, glycerol, succinate, butyrate, lactate, fumarate, citrate, l-phenylalanine, cellobiose and gelatin supported growth but maltose, fructose, glycine, ethanol, benzoate and oxalate did not. Tyrosine was produced from l-phenylalanine. Strain FaiI3T was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative and did not hydrolyse starch. Growth was inhibited by neomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, vancomycin and spectinomycin. The G+C content was determined to be 66·5±0·5 mol%. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain FaiI3T was assigned as a novel species of the genus Phenylobacterium, Phenylobacterium lituiforme sp. nov. in the order Caulobacterales, subclass α-Proteobacteria, class Proteobacteria. The type strain is FaiI3T (=ATCC BAA-294T=DSM 14363T).

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Desulfotomaculum arcticum sp. nov., a novel spore-forming, moderately thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a permanently cold fjord sediment of Svalbard

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.64058-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 687-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Verona Vandieken ◽

Christian Knoblauch ◽

Bo Barker Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Gene Sequence ◽

Novel Species ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Electron Donors ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Rrna Gene Sequence ◽

Moderately Thermophilic ◽

Sulfate Reducing

Strain 15T is a novel spore-forming, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a permanently cold fjord sediment of Svalbard. Sulfate could be replaced by sulfite or thiosulfate. Hydrogen, formate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, hexanoate, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pyruvate, malate, succinate, fumarate, proline, alanine and glycine were used as electron donors in the presence of sulfate. Growth occurred with pyruvate as sole substrate. Optimal growth was observed at pH 7·1–7·5 and concentrations of 1–1·5 % NaCl and 0·4 % MgCl2. Strain 15T grew between 26 and 46·5 °C and optimal growth occurred at 44 °C. Therefore, strain 15T apparently cannot grow at in situ temperatures of Arctic sediments from where it was isolated, and it was proposed that it was present in the sediment in the form of spores. The DNA G+C content was 48·9 mol%. Strain 15T was most closely related to Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans MLFT (93·5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strain 15T represents a novel species, for which the name Desulfotomaculum arcticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 15T (=DSM 17038T=JCM 12923T).

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Repression of thiaminase I by thiamine and related compounds in Bacillus thiaminolyticus

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m68-191 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1143-1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lynn Wang ◽

Judy Harms Wilkins ◽

R. L. Airth

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Enzyme ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Limited Growth ◽

Base Exchange ◽

Thiaminase I ◽

Enzyme Repression ◽

Related Compounds

The extracellular enzyme thiaminase I from Bacillus thiaminolyticus is repressible by thiamine. Either one of the heterocyclic moieties of this vitamin supported limited growth of this organism but had no effect on thiaminase I production. However, a combination of these two resulted in optimal growth and partial repression of this enzyme. The products of the base exchange reaction catalyzed by thiaminase I are not functional in repression when present alone. The simultaneous presence of both reaction products, i.e., N-[5-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidinyl)] methyl aniline and 5-(2′-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methylthiazole, can replace the vitamin B1 requirement for growth and give the same degree of enzyme repression. Neither pyrithiamine nor oxythiamine inhibited growth of the organism when present in a 100:1 molar ratio to thiamine. Pyrithiamine and vitamin B1 repressed thiaminase I to approximately the same extent, whereas oxythiamine was only partially functional in this process.

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Clostridium aciditolerans sp. nov., an acid-tolerant spore-forming anaerobic bacterium from constructed wetland sediment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.64583-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 311-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Yong-Jin Lee ◽

Christopher S. Romanek ◽

Juergen Wiegel

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetland ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Salinity Range ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Physiological Properties ◽

Acid Tolerant ◽

Casamino Acids ◽

Ph Range

An obligately anaerobic, spore-forming, moderately acid-tolerant bacterium, strain JW/YJL-B3T, was isolated from a sediment sample from a constructed wetland system receiving acid sulfate water. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate belonged to the Firmicutes branch with Clostridium drakei SL1T (96.2 % gene sequence similarity) as its closest relative. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 30.8 mol% (HPLC). Cells were straight to curved rods, 0.5–1.0 μm in diameter and 3.0–9.0 μm in length. The temperature range for growth was 20–45 °C, with an optimum around 35 °C. Growth was not detected below 18 °C or above 47 °C. The pH range for growth was broad, pH25 °C 3.8–8.9, with an optimum at 7.0–7.5. However at pH 4.5, the strain grew at 52 % of the optimal growth rate. The salinity range was 0–1.5 % NaCl (w/v). Strain JW/YJL-B3T utilized beef extract, Casamino acids, peptone, tryptone, arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, raffinose, ribose, sucrose, xylose, pyruvate, glutamate and inulin as a carbon and energy source. There were no indications of growth under aerobic or autotrophic conditions. The isolate produced acetate, butyrate and ethanol as fermentation end products from glucose. Based on these characteristics and other physiological properties, the isolate is placed into the novel taxon, Clostridium aciditolerans sp. nov., with strain JW/YJL-B3T (=DSM 17425T=ATCC BAA-1220T) as the type strain.

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