Building Ceramics Based on Carbonate-Containing Raw Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 910-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Gurieva ◽  
Aleksandr V. Doroshin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
Ceramic Shard ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Clay Materials

The results of the production of wall ceramics based on the composition of low-melting argillaceous raw materials - loam and fuel slag in an amount of 10-30% by the method of semi-dry pressing are presented. Pre-baking and calcining properties of clay materials are investigated, the results of x-ray diffraction analysis and differential thermal analysis of the raw materials are given. The results obtained by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment made it possible to develop a model of ceramic bricks of the racial composition, to construct empirical dependencies in the system «technogenic product-technological factor-property» and to establish the influence of the addition of fuel slag on the basic physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics: strength, density, water absorption , shrinkage. The results of studies of the modifying role of the container glass in the processes of pyrogenic synthesis of clay-slag masses and its effect on the preparation of a ceramic shard of a racial composition with the required properties are shown.

scholarly journals Baryshok. Enriching colour range of ceramic shapes on clay-based materials of low quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-329
Author(s):  
L. N. Tatski ◽  
L. V. Ilina ◽  
L. A. Baryshok
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ceramic Shard ◽  
Colour Palette ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Clay Rocks

Introduction. This article discusses the possibility of expanding the colour palette of a ceramic shard. Due to the shortage of high-quality clay raw materials for the manufacture of plastic molded facing bricks, the problem of manufacturing ceramic wall materials by semi-dry pressing from low-quality clay rocks is urgent.Materials and methods. The main raw material was non-caking clay raw material with a low content of clay and a high content of silt particles. Some corrective additives were used to expand the colour palette of ceramic bricks. In the article, the authors used both standard methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties and modern methods for studying the phase composition of materials.Results. The possibility of enriching the colour range of a ceramic shard based on non-sintered clay raw materials has been experimentally confirmed, provided that the mixture contains flux additives. When receiving products with a clarified shard, light-colored flutes should be used.Conclusion. The possibility of enriching the colour range of a ceramic cap by adding white-burning clay, introducing bleaching and chromophore additives and technogenic products has been established. Due to the differences in the chemical composition of clay raw materials from individual deposits, an individual approach to each of them is required.

scholarly journals Research on the Preparation and Properties of High Belite Sulphoaluminate Cement (HBSAC) Based on Various Industrial Solid Wastes

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunlei Su ◽  
Gongbing Yue ◽  
Qiuyi Li ◽  
Yuanxin Guo ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulphoaluminate Cement ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Cement Clinkers

In this study, a variety of industrial solid wastes, including petroleum coke desulfurization slag, fly ash and carbide slag with natural resource bauxite, were used as raw materials to prepare high belite suphoaluminate cement, which contains a certain CaSO4 content without adding natural gypsum to the clinker. The sintering temperature, mineral composition, and the physical and mechanical properties of the cement clinkers were investigated. The techniques adopted included a comprehensive thermal analysis (DSC-TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that it is completely feasible to prepare high belite sulphoaluminate cement with the various industrial solid wastes mentioned above and the utilization rate of the solid wastes is up to 80%. The sintering temperature ranges from 1225 °C to 1350 °C, and the optimal sintering temperature is approximately 1300 °C. The clinkers prepared at 1300 °C set and harden quickly and have a slightly higher water requirement of normal consistency. The mechanical strength is greatly affected by the CaSO4 and 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4 contents and the most reasonable CaSO4 content is 15%.

scholarly journals Physical and mechanical properties of ceramics from clays of the west of S. Paulo State, Brazil

Cerâmica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (315) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Teixeira ◽  
S. A. de Souza ◽  
M. A. L. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
The West ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
Dry Pressing

Clays and ceramics of interest to the structural ceramic industry were characterized. Some physical properties of ceramic masses formulated from artificial deposits exploited by the local industry were also analyzed. All materials investigated exhibit high contents of fine components (< 2 mum) and significant plasticity that is compatible with the presence of a great amount of clay minerals. Ceramic probes were prepared by dry pressing and fired at around 855 °C. Flexural strength, linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent color and weight loss were measured. In addition, the industrial applications of these raw materials were reviewed and newest potential uses proposed.

Studies on PVC-Clay Mixture as Function of the Temperature Cooking

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sansosti ◽  
D. Vuono ◽  
Alfonso Nastro
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Clay Materials ◽  
Temperature Water

In Italy, the amount of thermoplastic materials is 5 million tons. The recovery is necessary through simple processes with high efficiency. The aim of this paper is to study the use of plastic material particles in the ceramic industry for the production of light bricks, since this waste burns during firing at high temperature. The clay is extracted by disused quarry of South Italy and the PVC is a by-product of polymeric bars production (San Giovanni in Fiore- Calabria). The clay and the PVC waste were characterised by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction to identify the crystalline phases of raw material and EDS analyses to determine the chemical composition. Mixtures containing waste and clay materials were formed by extrusion and fired in a furnace using range temperatures of 900°C-1100°C. The obtained final products are bricks of 15 cm of length, 2 cm of thickness and 1.2 cm of height. The physical and mechanical properties were studied. These properties are used to define process firing temperature. Water absorption and linear shrinkage tests carried out as a function of the firing temperature.

scholarly journals Building ceramics based on composition of low-quality clay and slurry

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Guryeva ◽  
Alexander Doroshin ◽  
Yuliya Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
As Effects

At present, there is a trend towards increasing demand for ceramic products with enhanced physical and mechanical properties. This study is aimed at developing scientifically grounded compositions of ceramic products that maximize the use of local low-quality aluminosilicate raw materials and secondary raw materials in brick-making technology. Characteristics of local low-melting clays and industrial waste in the form of drilling slurry with minimum percentage of petroleum product were studied and presented in this paper. Standard methods for determining physical and mechanical properties of bricks, physicochemical and statistical methods of research are used as a methodological framework. The paper shows effects of drilling slurry with an increased content of calcium oxide on the composition, physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics, as well as effects of composition of low-quality local clays and slurries on the structure and properties of ceramic materials. The modifying role of container glass and its effects on properties of a synthesized ceramic piece were studied and presented.

Synthesis of Industrial Ceramic (Cordierite) from Iraqi Raw Materials Through Solid-State Sintering Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1A) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Mojahid Najim
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Sintering Method

This study uses Iraqi raw materials (Western Desert) which include: Urdhuma silica sand, Duekhla kaolinitic claystone, flint clay, porcelanite, and karst bauxite, alongside other materials (pure silica created as by-product of Qaim phosphate manufacturing processes.), amorphous silica (silica from rice husk ash), Mg (OH)2, and MgCO3. The raw materials have been crushed and milled into sizes smaller than 45µ except the silica sand and kaolin that have been miled into different sizes 20 and 45 µ. Twenty-seven mixtures of different proportions were prepared from the above-mentioned materials. Ninety-two disk samples were formed by semi-dry pressing using the pressing force of 1000 kg/cm2. Those test samples were dried and fired at the temperatures of 1100, 1200, and 1300 ̊°C with temperature rises 50 °C/h and the soaking time of 2 h. X-ray diffraction of those samples shows a difference in the mineral structure according to the firing temperature and the chemical composition of the mixtures. The samples containing the mixtures of 70% Kaolin, 5% pure silica (Qaim), and 25% Magnesite that were fried at the temperature of 1300 ̊°C entirely consist of Cordierite.

scholarly journals Effects of Lizardite Addition on Technological Properties of Forsterite-Monticellite Rich White Ceramics Prepared From Natural Magnesite and Dolomite

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Manni ◽  
Achraf Harrati ◽  
Abdelilah El Haddar ◽  
Abdelwahed Chari ◽  
Ali Sdiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Lizardite rich peridotite has never been used to prepare ceramic specimens, especially in Morocco. For this raison, potential use of naturally abundant lazirditic material from the Rif domain (NW morocco), as a supply for ceramic industry, has been evaluated. The effects of lizardite addition to magnesite and dolomite mixtures on the thermomechanical properties of the calcined ceramics were also detailed. To achieve this target, natural lizardite, magnesite and dolomite samples were collected in ultrabasic Beni Bousra massif. Those raw samples were used for the synthesis of a forsterite-monticellite rich ceramics. Both raw and sintered samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Main physical and mechanical properties were assessed and correlated to their respective microstructural changes. The obtained results showed that both magnesite and dolomite were mainly composed of MgCO3 and CaCO3. In contrast, lizardite sample showed high amounts of silica, magnesia and iron oxide. Technological tests indicated that the prepared mixtures had increased flexural strengths. An increased amount of lizardite in the initial mixtures enhanced mechanical properties of the prepared ceramic specimens. The same data showed that lizardite has led to a decrease in linear shrinkage during calcination and subsequently, the production of ceramics with the required technological properties. Thus, the preparation of lizardite-based ceramics from the raw material deposits of the Rif area, Morocco, is technically feasible, economically justifiable and socially desirable due to the contribution to the economic growth of the raw materials sector, especially ceramic industry.

The Effect of Temperature on the Fundamental Characteristics of Self-Compacting No-Cement Refractory Castable

2018 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Lenka Nevřivová
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Phase ◽  
Refractory Castables ◽  
Cold Crushing Strength ◽  
Dense Refractory ◽  
The Impact

In this research, the impact of firing temperature and MgO addition on mechanical and physical properties of self–compacting no-cement castables were investigated. For this propose up to 3.3 wt % of MgO was added to the corundum castable compositions and the specimens were fired at 600 °C, 800 °C, 1000°C, 1200°C and 1500°C. The mixtures were made so that the consistency of each one was the same. There were only minimal differences in the mixtures water content. The mineral composition of the input raw materials for manufacturing of the refractory castables was determined. The physical and mechanical properties of castable compositions such as self-flow values, bulk density, apparent porosity, cold crushing strength and flexural strength were examined. Also, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) techniques were used for detection the ceramic phase formation. The corrosion resistance was determined by means of the crucible test according to ČSN P CEN/TS 15418 (726022) Method of test for dense refractory products – Guidelines for testing the corrosion resistance of refractories caused by liquids. The study follows up on research, the results of which were published last year [1], but the study is focused to self-compacting refractory castable.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SINTERING AND CORDIERITE ADDITIVES ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MULLITE BASED CERAMICS PREPARED FROM IRAQI RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2F) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Mojahid Najim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One

Mullite and cordierite are produced in the laboratory from Iraqi raw materials, have been crushed individually to obtain dense ceramic bodies to a particle size smaller than 45µ. Five mixtures of cordierite and mullite have been prepared in which cordierite has been added to mullite with the percentages of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 %. One hundred and twenty disk samples have been prepared using the semi-dry pressing method, with the pressure of 1000kg/cm2. The samples were dried and fired at different temperatures of 1300, 1350, 1400, and 1450 oC, with a soaking time of 2h. Physical evaluation tests (volume shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, and bulk density) in addition to mechanical evaluation tests (compressive strength) have been performed. Samples fired at 1400 oC showed the best rates for the evaluation tests in general, in which the apparent porosity and water absorption for the samples were very low while the rates of density and compressive strength were high. The characteristics of samples fired at 1450 oC were overall poor while samples containing 60 and 70 % cordierite were melted. The best samples in this investigation were proven to be the ones containing 30% cordierite and 70% mullite while samples made out of 40% cordierite and 60% mullite show good mechanical and physical characteristics. The best ideal sample was the one fired at 1400 oC and contained 30% cordierite and 70% mullite.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction, cements and environment, three worlds in one.

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Angeles G. De la Torre ◽  
Diana Londono-Zuluaga ◽  
Jesus D. Zea-Garcia ◽  
Marta García-Maté ◽  
Gema Álvarez-Pinazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Phase Assemblage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

This keynote lecture will be focused on the strategies for reducing CO2 emissions in the cement production. Concretely, the production of ecocements with optimised formulations that yield reductions in CO2 emissions of up to 25%, when compared to OPC production. Phase assemblage has to be carefully optimised to be competitive and these new ecocements should develop compressive strengths of at least 50 MPa at 28 days of hydration. Optimised compositions of several ecocements will be discussed, but all of them are ye'elimite or calcium sulphoaluminate containing ones: belite-ye'elimite-ferrite (BYF), belite-alite-ye'elimite (BAY) and ye'elimite rich ones (CSA). The clinkering temperature of BYF and BAY has to be established to obtain the targeted phase assemblages. Moreover, the stabilisation of alpha-forms of belite is needed to develop high mechanical strengths at early ages. The benefits of the use of waste materials (such as fly ash or slag) as additions to ecocements are three-fold: lower CO2 emissions due to clinker replacement; valorisation of “useless” products that need a lot of landscape and the consequent efficient consumption of raw materials; and to enhance mechanical properties of the corresponding mortars. The design of appropriate CSA, BYF and BAY mortars, with the final aim of knowing and controlling the hydration mechanisms, will be presented. Particularly, the role of i) type and amount of set regulator (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.), ii) water/cement ratio (w/c); iii) superplasticiser; and iv) pozzolanic additions will be discussed. The role of these parameters in the microstructure and hydraulic behaviour has been investigated through traditional techniques as well as advanced synchrotron characterisation. The formers include laboratory/synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction combined with Rietveld methodology (to obtain phase assemblage), electron microscopy techniques for paste microstructure determination, rheological studies (to control the effect of the different additives, w/c ratio and setting time retarders) and mechanical tests (setting times, compressive strengths and dimensional stability). The latters comprise a group of techniques available at synchrotrons such as: i) high temperature x-ray diffraction for clinkering studies and ii) total scattering data to be analysed by pair distribution function, PDF.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document