scholarly journals Physical and mechanical properties of ceramics from clays of the west of S. Paulo State, Brazil

Cerâmica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (315) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Teixeira ◽  
S. A. de Souza ◽  
M. A. L. Nobre

Clays and ceramics of interest to the structural ceramic industry were characterized. Some physical properties of ceramic masses formulated from artificial deposits exploited by the local industry were also analyzed. All materials investigated exhibit high contents of fine components (< 2 mum) and significant plasticity that is compatible with the presence of a great amount of clay minerals. Ceramic probes were prepared by dry pressing and fired at around 855 °C. Flexural strength, linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent color and weight loss were measured. In addition, the industrial applications of these raw materials were reviewed and newest potential uses proposed.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Manni ◽  
Achraf Harrati ◽  
Abdelilah El Haddar ◽  
Abdelwahed Chari ◽  
Ali Sdiri ◽  
...  

Abstract Lizardite rich peridotite has never been used to prepare ceramic specimens, especially in Morocco. For this raison, potential use of naturally abundant lazirditic material from the Rif domain (NW morocco), as a supply for ceramic industry, has been evaluated. The effects of lizardite addition to magnesite and dolomite mixtures on the thermomechanical properties of the calcined ceramics were also detailed. To achieve this target, natural lizardite, magnesite and dolomite samples were collected in ultrabasic Beni Bousra massif. Those raw samples were used for the synthesis of a forsterite-monticellite rich ceramics. Both raw and sintered samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Main physical and mechanical properties were assessed and correlated to their respective microstructural changes. The obtained results showed that both magnesite and dolomite were mainly composed of MgCO3 and CaCO3. In contrast, lizardite sample showed high amounts of silica, magnesia and iron oxide. Technological tests indicated that the prepared mixtures had increased flexural strengths. An increased amount of lizardite in the initial mixtures enhanced mechanical properties of the prepared ceramic specimens. The same data showed that lizardite has led to a decrease in linear shrinkage during calcination and subsequently, the production of ceramics with the required technological properties. Thus, the preparation of lizardite-based ceramics from the raw material deposits of the Rif area, Morocco, is technically feasible, economically justifiable and socially desirable due to the contribution to the economic growth of the raw materials sector, especially ceramic industry.


Cerâmica ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (304) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Teixeira ◽  
S. A. de Souza ◽  
C. A. I. Moura

Plasticity and the grain-size distribution of the raw material used to make structural bricks and roof tiles are very important to the production process. These two parameters and the mineral composition will define the quality and properties of the final product: color, mechanical resistance, water absorption, cracks, swell and shrink during drying and firing the ceramic pieces etc. In the Brazilian ceramic industry it is very common to mix together two or more different kinds of raw material to achieve the ceramic mass with the desired grain-size distribution. The objective of this work was to characterize the raw material collected at the floodplains of the Paraná and Paranapanema Rivers and the ceramic mass used by the ceramic industry in western São Paulo State, Brazil. Particle size distribution, organic matter and X-ray diffraction were used to study this material. The textural analysis indicates that the raw materials have the clay fraction ranging from 38.2% to 66.3%, the silt from 22.2% to 49.7% and the sand from 3.1% to 34.1%. The results indicate that all mixed raw materials have more clay in its composition than would be necessary. The organic matter ranges from 5 to 7%. All samples have kaolinite and many of them have smectites, HIV and mica. Gibbsite, iron and titanium oxides, and quartz are also identified. One of the samples (yellow) is rich in goethite.


Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bonet-Martínez ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada ◽  
Eulogio Castro

The aluminum recycling industry produces aluminum filter dust (AFD), a waste byproduct of the aluminum recycling process composed mainly of aluminum oxide in a percentage between 60–70%, 8% calcium oxide, almost 15% sodium chloride, and between 5–10% potassium chloride. Due to its aluminum content, this waste can be used as a raw material in the manufacture of ceramic bricks, at the same time reducing the environmental impact produced in landfill. In this work, the partial substitution of a clay mixture (40% black, 30% red, and 30% yellow clay) by different proportions of AFD in the range 0–25 wt % for the production of fired clay brick was studied. The raw materials, clays, and waste were characterized by XRF and XRD. The brick specimens were fired at 950 °C and their physical and mechanical properties, such as water absorption, water suction, loss of ignition, linear shrinkage, bulk density, and compressive strength, were analyzed. The more relevant results were obtained with the addition of up to 20 wt % AFD, obtaining bricks with physical properties comparable to pure clay-based bricks used as a reference and better compressive strength and thermal conductivity due to the balance between the melting and pore-forming effects of the waste. These sustainable bricks also comply with the regulations of heavy metals leached to the environment, as indicated by the leaching test.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-329
Author(s):  
L. N. Tatski ◽  
L. V. Ilina ◽  
L. A. Baryshok

Introduction. This article discusses the possibility of expanding the colour palette of a ceramic shard. Due to the shortage of high-quality clay raw materials for the manufacture of plastic molded facing bricks, the problem of manufacturing ceramic wall materials by semi-dry pressing from low-quality clay rocks is urgent.Materials and methods. The main raw material was non-caking clay raw material with a low content of clay and a high content of silt particles. Some corrective additives were used to expand the colour palette of ceramic bricks. In the article, the authors used both standard methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties and modern methods for studying the phase composition of materials.Results. The possibility of enriching the colour range of a ceramic shard based on non-sintered clay raw materials has been experimentally confirmed, provided that the mixture contains flux additives. When receiving products with a clarified shard, light-colored flutes should be used.Conclusion. The possibility of enriching the colour range of a ceramic cap by adding white-burning clay, introducing bleaching and chromophore additives and technogenic products has been established. Due to the differences in the chemical composition of clay raw materials from individual deposits, an individual approach to each of them is required.


2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1457-1461
Author(s):  
Elcio Correia de Souza Tavares ◽  
Claudia P.T. Cruz ◽  
Uilame Umbelino Gomes

The ceramic sector is important to the economy in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Overall, however, the manufacturing process is imperfect; leading to inappropriate use of raw materials, waste of energy, environmental degradation, nonconformity to the Brazilian and international standards, etc. So, its crucial improves the produced bricks. This work aims to contribute to quality control of the ceramic industry, raising the values of physical properties of their products. The main parameters that influence these values were determined by Weibull statistics. Ceramics were studied by measuring porosity, water absorption, linear shrinkage, bulk density and mechanical strength. Mechanical strength test data resulted in Weibull distributions. The Weibull statistic parameter was calculated to best evaluations of ceramic quality. The results support our initial considerations about current stands of low quality of ceramic products from Rio Grande do Norte and underline the importance of testing and improving these products.


2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 910-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Gurieva ◽  
Aleksandr V. Doroshin

The results of the production of wall ceramics based on the composition of low-melting argillaceous raw materials - loam and fuel slag in an amount of 10-30% by the method of semi-dry pressing are presented. Pre-baking and calcining properties of clay materials are investigated, the results of x-ray diffraction analysis and differential thermal analysis of the raw materials are given. The results obtained by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment made it possible to develop a model of ceramic bricks of the racial composition, to construct empirical dependencies in the system «technogenic product-technological factor-property» and to establish the influence of the addition of fuel slag on the basic physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramics: strength, density, water absorption , shrinkage. The results of studies of the modifying role of the container glass in the processes of pyrogenic synthesis of clay-slag masses and its effect on the preparation of a ceramic shard of a racial composition with the required properties are shown.


Respuestas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Sanchez-Molina ◽  
Diana Carolina Alvarez-Rozo ◽  
John Fredy Gelves-Díaz

ResumenLa industria cerámica representa un sector representativo para la economía del Norte de Santander. A pesar del reconocimiento de la calidad de los productos fabricados a nivel nacional e internacional, el desarrollo del sector aún se encuentra en fase de consolidación si se compara con los grandes referentes del mundo, entre estos, la industria cerámica Española e Italiana. En la búsqueda de alternativas que permitan entrar en esta dinámica global, el equipo de investigación realizó algunas actividades encaminadas a aplicar el concepto de la economía circular (reutilización de residuos a los sistemas de producción) al proceso cerámico regional. En este caso particular se ha propuesto la reutilización del cisco de café (residuo de agroindustria regional) como sustituto del material arcilloso en la fabricación de materiales cerámicos de construcción. El trabajo experimental se desarrolló a nivel de laboratorio, usando la extrusión como técnica de conformado. Las materias primas fueron caracterizadas mediante fluorescencia y difracción de rayos X (FRX/DRX), así como por análisis térmico (TG/DSC); las propiedades tecnológicas del cerámico evaluadas fueron: la contracción lineal de secado/cocción, porcentaje de absorción de agua, resistencia mecánica a la flexión y resistencia a la abrasión profunda. Al material de mejor comportamiento físico cerámico le fue evaluada la conductividad térmica mediante un método transitorio de flujo de calor. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian el potencial del cisco para reducir la conductividad térmica del material y el aporte calórico al sistema. La utilización del cisco de café permite obtener cerámicos para uso como revestimientos y pavimento de tipo residencial.Palabras clave: Caracterización, cisco de café, economía circular, materiales cerámicos.AbtractThe ceramic industry is a representative sector for the economy of Norte de Santander (Colombia). Despite the recognition of the quality of the products manufactured nationally and internationally, the development of the sector is still in the consolidation phase if it is compared with the major references in the world, including the Spanish and Italian ceramic industry. In the search for   alternatives that allow entering this global dynamic of being recognized, the work team has carried out some activities aimed at applying the concept of the circular economy (reuse of waste to production systems) to the regional ceramic process. In this   particular case, the reuse of coffee husk (waste from regional agro-industry) as a substitute for clay material in the manufacture of ceramic construction materials has been proposed. The experimental work was developed at the laboratory level, using extrusion as a forming technique. The raw materials were characterized by fluorescence and X-ray diffraction (XRF / XRD), as well as by thermal analysis (TG / DSC). The technological properties of the ceramic evaluated were the linear shrinkage of drying / firing, percentage of water absorption, mechanical resistance to bending and resistance to deep abrasion. To the material with the best ceramic physical behavior, the thermal conductivity was evaluated by means of a transient heat flow method. The results obtained show the potential of the coffee husk to reduce the thermal conductivity of the material and the caloric contribution to the system. The use of coffee husk allows to obtain ceramics for use as coatings and residential type pavement.Keywords: Characterization, coffee husk, circular economy, ceramic materialsResumoA indústria cerâmica representa um setor representativo para a economia do Norte de Santander. Apesar do reconhecimento da qualidade dos produtos fabricados nos níveis nacionais e internacionais, o desenvolvimento do setor ainda está em fase de consolidação, quando comparado com as grandes figuras do mundo, entre eles, a indústria cerâmica espanhol e italiano. Na busca de alternativas que permitissem entrar nessa dinâmica global, a equipe de pesquisa realizou algumas atividades voltadas à aplicação do conceito de economia circular (reutilização de resíduos aos sistemas produtivos) ao processo cerâmico regional. Neste caso particular, tem sido proposto o reuso do café cisco (resíduo da agroindústria regional) como substituto do material argiloso na fabricação de materiais cerâmicos de construção. O trabalho experimental foi desenvolvido em nível de laboratório, usando a extrusão como técnica de formação. As matérias-primas foram caracterizadas por fluorescência e difração de raios-X (FRX / DRX), bem como por análise térmica (TG / DSC); As propriedades tecnológicas das cerâmicas avaliadas foram: retração linear de secagem / cozimento, porcentagem de absorção de água, resistência mecânica à flexão e resistência à abrasão profunda. Para o material com melhor comportamento físico cerâmico, a condutividade térmica foi avaliada por meio de um método de fluxo de calor transiente. Os resultados obtidos mostram o potencial do cisco para reduzir a condutividade térmica do material e a contribuição calórica para o sistema. O uso do café cisco permite obter cerâmicas para uso como revestimentos e pavimentos residenciais.Palabras Chave: Caracterização, cisco de café, economia circular, materiais cerâmicos.


2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2F) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Mojahid Najim

Mullite and cordierite are produced in the laboratory from Iraqi raw materials, have been crushed individually to obtain dense ceramic bodies to a particle size smaller than 45µ. Five mixtures of cordierite and mullite have been prepared in which cordierite has been added to mullite with the percentages of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 %. One hundred and twenty disk samples have been prepared using the semi-dry pressing method, with the pressure of 1000kg/cm2. The samples were dried and fired at different temperatures of 1300, 1350, 1400, and 1450 oC, with a soaking time of 2h. Physical evaluation tests (volume shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, and bulk density) in addition to mechanical evaluation tests (compressive strength) have been performed. Samples fired at 1400 oC showed the best rates for the evaluation tests in general, in which the apparent porosity and water absorption for the samples were very low while the rates of density and compressive strength were high. The characteristics of samples fired at 1450 oC were overall poor while samples containing 60 and 70 % cordierite were melted. The best samples in this investigation were proven to be the ones containing 30% cordierite and 70% mullite while samples made out of 40% cordierite and 60% mullite show good mechanical and physical characteristics. The best ideal sample was the one fired at 1400 oC and contained 30% cordierite and 70% mullite.


Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Angeliki Christogerou ◽  
Paraskevi Lampropoulou ◽  
Dimitrios Papoulis ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos

The objective of this study was to investigate the valorization potential of clayey overburden sterile materials from lignite-mining activities in the manufacturing of traditional ceramics. This study aims to contribute toward the sustainable management and use of such waste materials in line with the environmental objectives of the 2030 agenda. To assess this issue, clayey steriles were incorporated in a white clay-body at 20, 50, and 80 wt%, whereas reference samples were also formed from the individual raw materials. Laboratory processing of the ceramics was performed by dry pressing loose powder into rectangular samples and firing at 1000 °C for 4 h. Characterization of the raw materials included chemical, mineralogical, and thermal analysis. The fired bodies were tested for their total linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, and bending strength according to the relevant standards. The microstructural evolution of the final bodies was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, which observed differences related to the addition of the steriles. The results showed that the tested clayey steriles can be utilized up to 50 wt% as a secondary raw material in the production of ceramic materials (e.g., bricks) with comparable properties to the reference clay-bodies. Furthermore, the color of the final samples changed from white-creamy to reddish as the content of clayey sterile materials increased in the raw mix.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (207) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Juan Peixoto Barroco Magalhães

The present work aims to evaluate the influence of different residue incorporations on the physical and mechanical properties of a typical red ceramic composition, replacing the sand, by using the residue from the first stage of tempered glass manufacturing. Ceramic specimens were prepared with incorporations of 0 and 20% of flat glass waste. The samples were obtained by extrusion, dried and fired at 800, 900, 1000 ° C in a laboratory oven. Analyzes of the raw materials were performed, among which the thermal, morphological, physical and chemical can be highlighted. Tests on the fired ceramic specimens were also performed. The firing properties obtained were the dry bulk density, relative density, water absorption, dry linear shrinkage, linear firing shrinkage and flexural strength. The results showed that both the increase of the glass content and the increase of temperature had a positive influence on the studied properties. Furthermore, it confirmed that the glass waste acted in order to lower the proper firing temperature. Flat glass waste is therefore a highly recommended fluxing element for the red ceramic industry, as it can be incorporated in quantities as significant as 20% without major negative effects on the properties, therefore optimizing the amount of waste used and acting positively on the properties studied, reducing energy and raw material costs.


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