The Cutting Edge: Neurotransmitters and Brain Tissue Transplant

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
V. Susan Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Tissue Transplant ◽  
Human Nervous System

Neural tissue transplant represents one of the most exciting and controversial areas of current basic neuroscience research. It offers enormous therapeutic promise for patients with degenerative and traumatic neurologic disorders. This article reviews the functions of several common neurotransmitters and examines the clinical applications of tissue transplant into the human nervous system

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Analysis: A Methodology for Organizational Neuroscience

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Massaro ◽  
Leandro Pecchia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Hrv Analysis ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Human Nervous System

Recently, the application of neuroscience methods and findings to the study of organizational phenomena has gained significant interest and converged in the emerging field of organizational neuroscience. Yet, this body of research has principally focused on the brain, often overlooking fuller analysis of the activities of the human nervous system and associated methods available to assess them. In this article, we aim to narrow this gap by reviewing heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, which is that set of methods assessing beat-to-beat changes in the heart rhythm over time, used to draw inference on the outflow of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In addition to anatomo-physiological and detailed methodological considerations, we discuss related theoretical, ethical, and practical implications. Overall, we argue that this methodology offers the opportunity not only to inform on a wealth of constructs relevant for management inquiries but also to advance the overarching organizational neuroscience research agenda and its ecological validity.

scholarly journals Bladder and bowel responses to lumbosacral epidural stimulation in uninjured and transected anesthetized rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Hoey ◽  
Daniel Medina-Aguiñaga ◽  
Fahmi Khalifa ◽  
Beatrice Ugiliweneza ◽  
Sharon Zdunowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Epidural Stimulation ◽  
Sphincter Electromyography ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Movement Threshold

AbstractSpinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) mapping at L5-S1 was performed to identify parameters for bladder and bowel inhibition and/or contraction. Using spinally intact and chronic transected rats of both sexes in acute urethane-anesthetized terminal preparations, scES was systematically applied using a modified Specify 5–6–5 (Medtronic) electrode during bladder filling/emptying cycles while recording bladder and colorectal pressures and external urethral and anal sphincter electromyography activity. The results indicate frequency-dependent effects on void volume, micturition, bowel peristalsis, and sphincter activity just above visualized movement threshold intensities that differed depending upon neurological intactness, with some sex-dependent differences. Thereafter, a custom-designed miniature 15-electrode array designed for greater selectivity was tested and exhibited the same frequency-dependent urinary effects over a much smaller surface area without any concurrent movements. Thus, select activation of autonomic nervous system circuitries with scES is a promising neuromodulation approach for expedient translation to individuals with SCI and potentially other neurologic disorders.

scholarly journals Aconitine Neurotoxicity According to Administration Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Chung ◽  
Seung Jae Lee ◽  
Hyuck Jin Lee ◽  
Jeong Bin Bong ◽  
Chan-Hyuk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Human Nervous System

We evaluated the toxic effects of aconitine on the human nervous system and its associated factors, and the general clinical characteristics of patients who visited the emergency room due to aconitine intoxication between 2008 and 2017. We also analyzed the differences related to aconitine processing and administration methods (oral pill, boiled in water, and alcohol-soaked), and the clinical characteristics of consciousness deterioration and neurological symptoms. Of the 41 patients who visited the hospital due to aconitine intoxication, 23 (56.1%) were female, and most were older. Aconitine was mainly used for pain control (28 patients, 68.3%) and taken as oral pills (19 patients, 46%). The patients showed a single symptom or a combination of symptoms; neurological symptoms were the most common (21 patients). All patients who took aconitine after processing with alcohol showed neurological symptoms and a higher prevalence of consciousness deterioration. Neurological symptoms occurred most frequently in patients with aconitine intoxication. Although aconitine intoxication presents with various symptoms, its prognosis may vary with the processing method and prevalence of consciousness deterioration during the early stages. Therefore, the administration method and accompanying symptoms should be comprehensively investigated in patients who have taken aconitine to facilitate prompt and effective treatment and better prognoses.

An X-ray diffraction comparison of myelins from the human nervous system

1978 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Chandross ◽  
Richard S. Bear ◽  
Royce L. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Nervous System

scholarly journals Trial-by-Trial Adaptation of Movements during Mental Practice under Force Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nabeel Anwar ◽  
Salman Hameed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Adaptive Compensation ◽  
Human Nervous System

Human nervous system tries to minimize the effect of any external perturbing force by bringing modifications in the internal model. These modifications affect the subsequent motor commands generated by the nervous system. Adaptive compensation along with the appropriate modifications of internal model helps in reducing human movement errors. In the current study, we studied how motor imagery influences trial-to-trial learning in a robot-based adaptation task. Two groups of subjects performed reaching movements with or without motor imagery in a velocity-dependent force field. The results show that reaching movements performed with motor imagery have relatively a more focused generalization pattern and a higher learning rate in training direction.

Monoclonal antibodies react with neuronal subpopulations in the human nervous system

1988 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Hinton ◽  
Victor W. Henderson ◽  
Janet C. Blanks ◽  
Maria Rudnicka ◽  
Carol A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Human Nervous System

Effects of an injectable functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel on angiogenesis and neurogenesis for regeneration of the central nervous system

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
pp. 16281-16292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wei Wang ◽  
Kai-Chieh Chang ◽  
Liang-Hsin Chen ◽  
Shih-Yung Liao ◽  
Chia-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
System P ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Functionalised self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel mediates angiogenesis and neurogenesis for injured brain tissue regeneration.

LIPOPROTEIN PIGMENTS—THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO AGEING IN THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

Brain ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. A. MANN ◽  
P. O. YATES
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Nervous System

scholarly journals Convection-enhanced delivery to the central nervous system

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell R. Lonser ◽  
Malisa Sarntinoranont ◽  
Paul F. Morrison ◽  
Edward H. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Convective Flow ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Convection Enhanced Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Real Time Tracking

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a bulk flow–driven process. Its properties permit direct, homogeneous, targeted perfusion of CNS regions with putative therapeutics while bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Development of surrogate imaging tracers that are co-infused during drug delivery now permit accurate, noninvasive real-time tracking of convective infusate flow in nervous system tissues. The potential advantages of CED in the CNS over other currently available drug delivery techniques, including systemic delivery, intrathecal and/or intraventricular distribution, and polymer implantation, have led to its application in research studies and clinical trials. The authors review the biophysical principles of convective flow and the technology, properties, and clinical applications of convective delivery in the CNS.

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