Continuous Versus Bolus Gastric Feeding in Children Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Brown ◽  
Erik C. Madsen ◽  
Charlene P. Leonard ◽  
Sharon L. Leslie ◽  
Christine Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gastric Feeding ◽  
State Of The Science

Background Nutrition guidelines recommend enteral nutrition in the form of gastric feedings for critically ill children and acknowledge a lack of evidence describing an optimal method for providing these feedings. Objective To determine the state of the science regarding the efficacy of bolus (intermittent) or continuous gastric feedings to improve nutrition delivery in critically ill children receiving mechanical ventilation. Methods Five hundred seventy-nine abstracts met the inclusion criteria and were screened by 2 reviewers according to prespecified criteria. Full-text reviews were performed on 28 articles; 11 studies were selected for detailed analysis. Because of the small number of eligible studies, broader searches were conducted. Results Only 5 studies with a collective enrollment of fewer than 200 children closely addressed the specific research question. These 5 studies did not report any similarity in feeding regimens, nor did they report nutritional outcomes. Two of the articles described findings from the same study population. Although 4 of the 5 studies randomized children to bolus versus continuous feedings, only 3 studies described attainment of nutrient delivery goals in both the intervention and the control groups; the remaining study did not report this outcome. The heterogeneity in methodology and outcomes among the 5 studies did not allow for a meta-analysis. Conclusions The dearth of evidence regarding best practices and outcomes related to bolus versus continuous gastric feedings in critically ill children receiving mechanical ventilation requires additional rigorous investigation.

scholarly journals Effect of timing of intubation on clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized cohort studies

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Papoutsi ◽  
Vassilis G. Giannakoulis ◽  
Eleni Xourgia ◽  
Christina Routsi ◽  
Anastasia Kotanidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Detectable Difference

Abstract Background Although several international guidelines recommend early over late intubation of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this issue is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the effect (if any) of timing of intubation on clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched, while references and preprint servers were explored, for relevant articles up to December 26, 2020, to identify studies which reported on mortality and/or morbidity of patients with COVID-19 undergoing early versus late intubation. “Early” was defined as intubation within 24 h from intensive care unit (ICU) admission, while “late” as intubation at any time after 24 h of ICU admission. All-cause mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) were the primary outcomes of the meta-analysis. Pooled risk ratio (RR), pooled mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020222147). Results A total of 12 studies, involving 8944 critically ill patients with COVID-19, were included. There was no statistically detectable difference on all-cause mortality between patients undergoing early versus late intubation (3981 deaths; 45.4% versus 39.1%; RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99–1.15, p = 0.08). This was also the case for duration of MV (1892 patients; MD − 0.58 days, 95% CI − 3.06 to 1.89 days, p = 0.65). In a sensitivity analysis using an alternate definition of early/late intubation, intubation without versus with a prior trial of high-flow nasal cannula or noninvasive mechanical ventilation was still not associated with a statistically detectable difference on all-cause mortality (1128 deaths; 48.9% versus 42.5%; RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.99–1.25, p = 0.08). Conclusions The synthesized evidence suggests that timing of intubation may have no effect on mortality and morbidity of critically ill patients with COVID-19. These results might justify a wait-and-see approach, which may lead to fewer intubations. Relevant guidelines may therefore need to be updated.

Rotational Bed Therapy to Prevent and Treat Respiratory Complications: A Review and Meta-Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Goldhill ◽  
Michael Imhoff ◽  
Barbara McLean ◽  
Carl Waldmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

• Background Immobility is associated with complications involving many body systems. • Objective To review the effect of rotational therapy (use of therapeutic surfaces that turn on their longitudinal axes) on prevention and/or treatment of respiratory complications in critically ill patients. • Methods Published articles evaluating prophylaxis and/or treatment were reviewed. Prospective randomized controlled trials were assessed for quality and included in meta-analyses. • Results A literature search yielded 15 nonrandomized, uncontrolled, or retrospective studies. Twenty prospective randomized controlled trials on rotational therapy were published between 1987 and 2004. Various types of beds were studied, but few details on the rotational parameters were reported. The usual control was manual turning of patients by nurses every 2 hours. One animal investigation and 12 clinical trials addressed the effectiveness of rotational therapy in preventing respiratory complications. Significant benefits were reported in the animal study and 4 of the trials. Significant benefits to patients were reported in 2 of another 4 studies focused on treatment of established complications. Researchers have examined the effects of rotational therapy on mucus transport, intrapulmonary shunt, hemodynamic effects, urine output, and intracranial pressure. Little convincing evidence is available, however, on the most effective rotation parameters (eg, degree, pause time, and amount of time per day). Meta-analysis suggests that rotational therapy decreases the incidence of pneumonia but has no effect on duration of mechanical ventilation, number of days in intensive care, or hospital mortality. • Conclusions Rotational therapy may be useful for preventing and treating respiratory complications in selected critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients: a clinical practice guideline

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. l6722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikang Ye ◽  
Annika Reintam Blaser ◽  
Lyubov Lytvyn ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Gordon H Guyatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Weak Recommendation ◽  
Guideline Panel ◽  
Bleeding Prophylaxis

AbstractClinical questionWhat is the role of gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis (stress ulcer prophylaxis) in critically ill patients? This guideline was prompted by the publication of a new large randomised controlled trial.Current practiceGastric acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) is commonly done to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Existing guidelines vary in their recommendations of which population to treat and which agent to use.RecommendationsThis guideline panel makes a weak recommendation for using gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients at high risk (>4%) of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding, and a weak recommendation for not using prophylaxis in patients at lower risk of clinically important bleeding (≤4%). The panel identified risk categories based on evidence, with variable certainty regarding risk factors. The panel suggests using a PPI rather than a H2RA (weak recommendation) and recommends against using sucralfate (strong recommendation).How this guideline was createdA guideline panel including patients, clinicians, and methodologists produced these recommendations using standards for trustworthy guidelines and the GRADE approach. The recommendations are based on a linked systematic review and network meta-analysis. A weak recommendation means that both options are reasonable.The evidenceThe linked systematic review and network meta-analysis estimated the benefit and harm of these medications in 12 660 critically ill patients in 72 trials. Both PPIs and H2RAs reduce the risk of clinically important bleeding. The effect is larger in patients at higher bleeding risk (those with a coagulopathy, chronic liver disease, or receiving mechanical ventilation but not enteral nutrition or two or more of mechanical ventilation with enteral nutrition, acute kidney injury, sepsis, and shock) (moderate certainty). PPIs and H2RAs might increase the risk of pneumonia (low certainty). They probably do not have an effect on mortality (moderate certainty), length of hospital stay, or any other important outcomes. PPIs probably reduce the risk of bleeding more than H2RAs (moderate certainty).Understanding the recommendationIn most critically ill patients, the reduction in clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric acid suppressants is closely balanced with the possibility of pneumonia. Clinicians should consider individual patient values, risk of bleeding, and other factors such as medication availability when deciding whether to use gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis. Visual overviews provide the relative and absolute benefits and harms of the options in multilayered evidence summaries and decision aids available on MAGICapp.

scholarly journals Impact of balanced versus unbalanced fluid resuscitation on clinical outcomes in critically ill children: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anab Rebecca Lehr ◽  
Soha Rached-d’Astous ◽  
Melissa Parker ◽  
Lauralyn McIntyre ◽  
Margaret Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Fluid Resuscitation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critically Ill Children

Peritoneal dialysis in critically ill children in resource-limited setting: A prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 089686082097589
Author(s):  
Pallavi Choudhary ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Abhijeet Saha ◽  
Archana Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Renal Outcome ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Critically Ill Children

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is easily available and simple lifesaving procedure in children with renal impairment. There is paucity of reports on efficacy of PD in critically ill children in presence of shock and those requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods: In this prospective observational study, efficacy and outcome of PD were evaluated in 50 critically ill children aged 1 month to 14 years admitted in pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Results: Indication of PD was acute kidney injury (AKI) in 66% of patients followed by chronic kidney disease with acute deterioration due to infectious complications in 34%. Bacterial sepsis was the most common cause of AKI (22%), others being malaria (14%) and severe dengue (12%). At initiation of PD, 26% of patients were in shock and 46% were mechanically ventilated. PD was effective and improvement in pH, bicarbonate, and lactate started within hours, with consistent improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate by 24 h, which continued till the end of procedure, including the subgroup of patients with shock and mechanical ventilation. Total complications were seen in 14% and of which peritonitis was present in 4.0% of patients. Mortality was seen in 14% (7/50) of patients. Shock at initiation of PD (odds ratio (OR), 5.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95–26.69; p < 0.04) and requirement of mechanical ventilation (OR, 9.17; 95% CI, 1.01–83.10; p < 0.02) were associated with mortality. Conclusions: Acute PD in critically ill children with renal impairment is a lifesaving procedure. Treatment of shock with resuscitative measures and respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation, along with PD, resulted in favorable renal outcome.

scholarly journals Xanthine Derivatives for Kidney Protection in the Critically Ill Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Saul Flores ◽  
Corissa N. Culichia ◽  
Enrique G. Villarreal ◽  
Fabio Savorgnan ◽  
Paul A. Checchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Xanthine Derivatives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recorded Data

AbstractDifferent types of diuretics have been used to minimize fluid overload after resuscitation. This meta-analysis determined the effects of xanthine derivatives on creatinine, creatinine clearance, and urine output. Studies included data from pediatric patients, whoused theophylline or aminophylline, and included pre- and postxanthine data for at least one of the outcomes of interest. A total of 13 studies with 198 patients were included in the pooled analyses. The study recorded data prior, and a mean of 36 hours after xanthine administration. This meta-analysis demonstrates that xanthine derivatives in critically ill children, using a dose of approximately5 mg/kg, lead to a statistically significant increase in creatinine clearance and urine output without significantly altering serum creatinine. Xanthine derivatives may be beneficial for fluid management in critically ill children. Further studies are warranted assessing the association with additional clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Recommendations for mechanical ventilation of critically ill children from the Paediatric Mechanical Ventilation Consensus Conference (PEMVECC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1764-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. J. Kneyber ◽  
◽  
Daniele de Luca ◽  
Edoardo Calderini ◽  
Pierre-Henri Jarreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Critically Ill Children
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