NOTES ON THE BIOLOGIES OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES OF IPS SPP. BARK BEETLES IN VIRGINIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Berisford ◽  
H. M. Kulman ◽  
R. L. Pienkowski
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roptrocerus Xylophagorum ◽  
Pupal Parasitism ◽  
Tomicobia Tibialis ◽  
Spathius Pallidus ◽  
Rhopalicus Tutela ◽  
Larval Parasites

AbstractBiological data are given for Coeloides pissodis (Ashmead), Dendrosoter sulcatus Muesebeck, Heterospilus sp., Spathius pallidus Ashmead, Eurytoma conica Provancher, Cecidostiba polygraphi Ashmead, Heydenia unica Cook and Davis, Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg), Rhopalicus pulchripennis (Crawford), Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), and Tomicobia tibialis Ashmead. Only Coeloides pissodis was always closely associated with its host. The other larval parasites were often found disassociated from any host, suggesting an ability to seek out hosts in Ips galleries and the potential to attack more than one host. Observations indicated that pupal parasitism may be significant. Comment on the potential of some parasites as control agents is included.

A new species of Paleoendeitoma (Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Colydiinae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 046-049
Author(s):  
DAVID A. BULLIS
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rotting Wood ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
A New Species

Cylindrical bark beetles (subfamily Colydiinae) have a long and convoluted taxonomic history which has led to much confusion in their nomenclature and phylogeny (summarized in Ivie et al., 2016). In the past they have been treated as a separate family within the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. However, taxonomic studies have placed them as sister to the Zopherinae within the Zopheridae (Ślipiński & Lawrence, 1999). Phylogenetic analyses are inconclusive on this relationship with some supporting (McKenna et al., 2019) and others providing evidence against (Hunt et al., 2007; McKenna et al., 2015; McKenna et al., 2019) this hypothesis (although low taxon sampling may play a role in this discordance). Even the monophyly of the Colydiinae within the Zopheridae is suspect (Lawrence et al., 2011; Ivie et al., 2016) as they possess no convincing morphological synapomorphies. The tribe Synchitini in particular is the largest in the Colydiinae with 115 genera of mainly mycophagous or detritivorous beetles inhabiting rotting wood, under bark, or leaf-litter habitats (Ivie, 2002). This tribe may be paraphyletic with respect to the other colydiine tribes, and as with the broader subfamily, requires much phylogenetic work to clarify these relationships (Ivie, 2002).

Inter-relationships of the Parasites of the Frit-fly, Oscinella frit (L.), in eastern North America

1953 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
North America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Parasite Complex ◽  
Larval Parasites

Studies are reported on the extent and importance of competition amongst larval and pupal parasites of Oscinella frit.In Ontario, 30–40 per cent. of frit larvae are parasitised by Hexacola in July–August and superparasitism is thus likely. Subsequent attack by Polyscelis may occur, but probably unsuccessfully.Competition between the larval parasites and the pupal ecto-parasites Callitula and Spalangia is generally slight, because the former species is not abundant and the latter tends to select only healthy hosts.Experiments are described to test the inter-relations of the three pupal parasites by exposing puparia of Drosophila melanogaster to two species simultaneously and in sequence.When Callitula and Spalangia are allowed to oviposit simultaneously, the former is more successful when hosts are relatively few, but otherwise the two species are equally successful. When Callitula parasitises puparia recently exposed to Spalangia, equal numbers of the two parasites emerge, but in the reverse experiment Callitula is superior. Callitula is able to parasitise successfully a proportion of puparia already containing Spalangia whatever the age of the latter; mature Spalangia thus attacked are mostly killed.Similar comparisons of Callitula and Spalangia with the endoparasitic Loxotropa show that Loxotropa is inferior to both the others, but that all three show marked avoidance of multiple parasitism.In general, there is little interference between the various species in the parasite complex associated with the frit-fly.The parasite complex associated with the frit-fly appears to be one that is very well balanced, there being little interference between the various species involved. Moreover, when, for any reason, one species does not attain its accustomed degree of parasitism, this is offset by an increase in the numbers of one or more of the other species.

scholarly journals Solutions to the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’: Sea-urchin Management in St Lucia, West Indies

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H. Smith ◽  
Fikret Berkes
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Status ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
The Commons

Possible solutions to the commons problem have rarely been investigated systematically by the use of biological data on the status and sustainability of the resource. The edible White-spined Sea-urchin (Tripneustes ventricosus) resource of St Lucia, West Indies, is highly prized and vulnerable to exploitation, as is indicated by recent declines in its stocks. In the south-east of St Lucia the resource was almost entirely depleted in an area in which access was free and open. It was not depleted in the other two areas in which there were access controls. In one case, the area was under government control as a marine reserve; in the other, there was a locally practised ‘closed season’ and community-based management of access into a bay.The results of our study indicated that both government controls and informal, community-level controls can lead to successful resource-management outcomes. These findings challenge the ‘conventional wisdom’ that commonly-owned resources are destined to be overexploited.

scholarly journals Systems Biology in the Context of Big Data and Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Altaf-Ul-Amin ◽  
Farit Mochamad Afendi ◽  
Samuel Kuria Kiboi ◽  
Shigehiko Kanaya
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Biological Networks ◽  
Network Biology ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Level ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Cellular Components

Science is going through two rapidly changing phenomena: one is the increasing capabilities of the computers and software tools from terabytes to petabytes and beyond, and the other is the advancement in high-throughput molecular biology producing piles of data related to genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, interactomes, and so on. Biology has become a data intensive science and as a consequence biology and computer science have become complementary to each other bridged by other branches of science such as statistics, mathematics, physics, and chemistry. The combination of versatile knowledge has caused the advent of big-data biology, network biology, and other new branches of biology. Network biology for instance facilitates the system-level understanding of the cell or cellular components and subprocesses. It is often also referred to as systems biology. The purpose of this field is to understand organisms or cells as a whole at various levels of functions and mechanisms. Systems biology is now facing the challenges of analyzing big molecular biological data and huge biological networks. This review gives an overview of the progress in big-data biology, and data handling and also introduces some applications of networks and multivariate analysis in systems biology.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Coverage Percentage on Binor Paiton-Probolinggo Seashore

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Budi Wiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Coral ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
Future Policy

The coral reef damage in Probolinggo region was expected to be caused by several factors. The first one comes from its society that exploits fishery by using cyanide toxin and bomb. The second one goes to the extraction of coral reef, which is used as decoration or construction materials. The other factor is likely caused by the existence of large industry on the seashore, such as Electric Steam Power Plant (PLTU) Paiton and others alike. Related to the development of coral reef ecosystem, availability of an accurate data is crucially needed to support the manner of future policy, so the research of coral reef coverage percentage needs to be conducted continuously. The aim of this research is to collect biological data of coral reef and to identify coral reef coverage percentage in the effort of constructing coral reef condition basic data on Binor, Paiton, and Probolinggo regency seashore. The method used in this research is Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. LIT method is a method that used to decide benthic community on coral reef based on percentage growth, and to take note of benthic quantity along transect line. Percentage of living coral coverage in 3 meters depth on this Binor Paiton seashore that may be categorized in a good condition is 57,65%. While the rest are dead coral that is only 1,45%, other life form in 23,2%, and non-life form in 17,7%. A good condition of coral reef is caused by coral reef transplantation on the seashore, so this coral reef is dominated by Acropora Branching. On the other hand, Mortality Index (IM) of coral reef resulted in 24,5%. The result from observation and calculation of coral reef is dominated by Hard Coral in Acropora Branching (ACB) with coral reef coverage percentage of 39%, Coral Massive (CM) with coral reef coverage percentage of 2,85%, Coral Foliose (CF) with coral reef coverage percentage of 1,6%, and Coral Mushroom (CRM) with coral reef coverage percentage of 8,5%. Observation in 10 meters depth resulted in coral reef coverage percentage of 63,33%. 75% of living coral found on this 10 meters depth are dominated by Acropora branching coral, while the rest 25,21% are filled by Acropora tabulate coral and non-Acropora coral in the life form of branching, massive, sub-massive, foliose, and mushroom, where coral Mortality Index (IM) reached 28,5%. The high number of coral reef coverage percentage on Paiton is caused by successful coral transplantation and low activity of society in this location. The domination of large size Acropora branching coral were estimated comes from a few types, showing that coral resulted from transplantation has grown large and form a complex 3 dimension structure that is suitable for the life form of fish and living benthic.

scholarly journals Motif Discovery and Data Mining in Bioinformatics

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4082-4095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooruldeen Qader ◽  
Hussein Keitan Al-Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Motif Discovery ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Other Hand

Bioinformatics analyses huge amounts of biological data that demands in-depth understanding. On the other hand, data mining research develops methods for discovering motifs in biosequences. Motif discovery involves benefits and challenges. We show bridge of the two fields, data mining and Bioinformatics, for successful mining of biological data. We found the motivation and justification factors lead to preferring naturalistic method research for Bioinformatics, because naturalistic method depends on real data. The method empowers Bioinformatics techniques to handle the true properties and reducing assumptions for un-modeled or uncover biodata phenomena. The empowerment comes from recognizing and understanding biodata properties and processes.

The Problem of Mathematical Statistics

1933 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
A. R. Crathorne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

A statistical inquiry is usually made up of three parts, first the collection of the data, second, the analysis of the data and third, its interpretation for the particular purpose in view. The first and third stages depend almost entirely upon the field of investigation. Biological data should be collected and interpreted by a biologist. The collection of economic data should be planned by economists and interpreted by one well acquainted with the field of inquiry. The second stage on the other hand, is in general common to all fields. Whatever may be the subject matter the mathematical analysis has in a great degree the same essential features. Lack of appreciation of this three-fold problem of statistics has led to some extremely doubtful results in statistical analysis. No amount of mathematical training and ability can take the place of the judgment and common sense that comes from a thorough knowledge of the field in which the problem lies. On the other hand much time and energy may be wasted in the analysis of data by lack of understanding of the fundamentals of the mathematical processes used in the investigation. This is usually exhibited in the blind use of formulas without realization of the assumptions and limitations used in their derivation.

Studies on the Galleries of the Bark-beetles

1930 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Trägårdh
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
Distinguishing Features

The galleries of the bark-beetles are as a rule such characteristic features of the different species that sometimes these are more easily recognised by the shape of their galleries than by their own structure, as, for example, in the case of the two pine-beetles, Blastophagus piniperda and B. minor, in which the distinguishing features of the insects cannot be discerned without the help of a good pocket-lens. But, on the other hand, the galleries of many species are subject to a certain amount of variation and show typical modifications which are responses to various external factors, such as the size of the trunk or of the branches, the thickness of the bark, and the orientation of the trunk, viz., whether the tree is standing or felled.

REVIEW OF HOLARCTIC TARSONEMID MITES (ACARINA: PROSTIGMATA) PARASITIZING EGGS OF IPINE BARK BEETLES

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (S60) ◽  
pp. 5-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert E. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Population Regulation ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
As Species ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Generic Description

AbstractA group of tarsonemid mites, which are egg parasites of ipine bark beetles, is reviewed on a Holarctic basis. The genus Iponemus (new name for Moseria Beer and Nucifora) is proposed and described for the group, and 24 species or subspecies, including 19 described as new, are described, keyed, and illustrated. A detailed species-group description follows the generic description, and includes several structures hitherto not reported for species of Tarsonemidae. The variation and usefulness of the few characters available for distinguishing forms of Iponemus is discussed, and the provisional treatment of some forms as species and others as subspecies is explained.These mites are among the most host-specific associates of scolytid beetles: 16 of the 18 species or subspecies of Iponemus associated with the nearctic, pine-feeding ipines are monospecific, and each of the other two is restricted to two closely related species of hosts. The mites and the beetles together are considered with regard to size correlations, the degree of host specificity, the mites as taxonomic indicators of their hosts, biogeography, life history, and the role of egg parasitism by the mites in the population regulation of their hosts.

scholarly journals Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
D. Novotný ◽  
R. Mrkva
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Vascular Pathogens ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Inoculation experiments were carried out on a set of trees with imagoes of Ips typographus L. which origin from the Šumava Mts. and the Křtiny Training Enterprise. The objective of back inoculations was to determine whether species found on the surface of Ips typographus imagoes spread after the inoculation also through host tissues. It the vicinity of inoculation by Ips typographus imagoes, marked necrotic zones are evident including symptoms of the penetration of vascular pathogens through phloem and sapwood. The most marked reactions were observed in case of inoculation by an untreated Ips typographus imago. Treatment of Ips typographus imagoes by Ibefungin and Fundazol preparations did not demonstrate expected effects in full scale. The spores of several ophiostomoid fungi like Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau were observed on the surface of bark beetles and at the same time were re-isolated from wounds inoculated by Ips typographus imagoes. The other fungi like Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson & Wells, Leptographium cf. lundbergii Lagerberg & Melin., Pezicula eucrita Karst., Phomopsis sp. and other were found in wounds with the imagoes artificial infection.    

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