HOST SPECIFICITY OF TINGIS AMPLIATA (TINGIDAE: HETEROPTERA): A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Cynara Scolymus

AbstractThe only confirmed host plant of Tingis ampliata H.-S. (Tingidae: Heteroptera) is Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). For this and other reasons, T. ampliata appeared to be a promising biocontrol agent for use in Canada. However, in the laboratory, T. ampliata developed fertile eggs while feeding on the two economic plants globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), and nymphs developed to adults on globe artichoke. Therefore, T. ampliata should not be released in Canada.

HOST SPECIFICITY AND SUITABILITY OF LEMA CYANELLA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Peschken ◽  
G.R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractThe host specificity of Lema cyanella (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its suitability as a biological control agent were investigated. The females lay an average of 1564 eggs and development from egg to adult takes 17.6 days at 25°C during the day and 20°C during the night (average about 23°C). Feeding of adults and larvae is confined to Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum species, and according to literature records, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. is the main host. No economic plants are attacked. A colony of field collected beetles imported from Germany was infected with a Nosema disease. It is recommended that disease free L. cyanella should be released against the weed C. arvense in North America.

Biology of Bucculatrix parthenica Bradley sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) and its establishment in Australia as a biological control agent for Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. McClay ◽  
R. E. McFadyen ◽  
J. D. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Leaf Miners

AbstractBucculatrix parthenica Bradley sp. n., a moth native to Mexico, is described. It has been released and established in Queensland, Australia, as a biological control agent for its host plant, Parthenium hysterophorus. The moth oviposits on leaves of its host. First and second instar larvae are leaf miners, and later instars feed externally on the leaves. The life cycle occupies about 25 days under field conditions. B. parthenica was narrowly oligophagous in host-specificity tests. In Mexico the insect is scarce but in Queensland it has become abundant enough to cause extensive defoliation of its host plant at some sites. Its rapid increase in Queensland is attributed to the absence of parasitism.

scholarly journals Host specificity of Aceria centaureae (Nalepa), a candidate for biological control of Centaurea dίffusa De Lamarck

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sobhian ◽  
Β. Ι. Katsouannos ◽  
J. Kashefi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
The Other ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Gall Mite ◽  
Diffuse Knapweed ◽  
Test Plants

Filed collected rosettes or twigs of Centaurea diffusa De Lamarck, infested by the gall mite Aceria centaureae, were fixed onto appropriately grown and planted test plants of ten different species in the area of Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1985 and 1986. The test plants were inspected for presence of galls and mites a few to several days after their contact with the infested twigs. Gall formation occurred on all of the Centaurea diffusa test plants, either of Greek or U.S. origin, and on some of the Centaurea solstitialis, L. test plants. No galls or other mite damage could be found on the other test plants, which were Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower), Cirsiton creticion (De Lamarck) D’Urville, of local origin and six Cirsium species of U.S. origin, i.e. cymosum (Greene) J. T. Howell, occidentals (Nutt) Jeps., pastoris Howell, andersonii (Gray) Petrak, brevistylum Crong; and undulation (Nutt.) Spreng. These results suggest that A. centaureae most probably has a very restricted host plant range, feeding only on weedy Centaurea spp. Thus the mite should be considered as a possible candidate for biological control of diffuse knapweed in the U.S.A. and Canada.

CEUTORHYNCHUS LITURA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): BIOLOGY AND FIRST RELEASES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN ONTARIO, CANADA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
R. W. Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

AbstractCeutorhynchus litura (F.) laid an average of 123 eggs per female. Development from egg to adult took about 6 weeks at room temperature, followed by an obligatory diapause of 3–4 months. In laboratory rearings a maximum of only an 8-fold increase over the original breeding stock was achieved in one generation. The weevil was released against the weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) near Belleville, Ont., in 1967. Near the centre of the release site on about 400 m2, thistle shoots have decreased to 4% of their former density of about 3–7 shoots per 0.25 m2. Circumstantial evidence indicates that the weevil aided in the spread of thistle rust Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Rohl.

HOST RANGE OF LEMA CYANELLA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR BIOCONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE, AND OF FOUR STENOPHAGOUS, FOREIGN THISTLE INSECTS IN NORTH AMERICA

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus ◽  
Cage Test

AbstractIn the field in Europe, Lenta cyanella (L.) has been reported to breed only on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) whereas in the laboratory it breeds on species in the genera Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum. In one laboratory choice test, L. cyanella preferred Cirsium drummondii T.&G. over Canada thistle. In one field-cage test, it concentrated feeding and oviposition on one C. drummondii which thrived in preference to three other C. drummondii and Canada thistle which grew poorly. In a second field-cage test, Canada thistle predominated and L. cyanella fed and oviposited most on Canada thistle although its intrinsic preference for C. drummondii was still apparent. A review of the field host-plants of three accidentally introduced thistle-feeding insects, Orellia ruficauda (F.), Cleonus piger Scop, and Cassida rubiginosa Müller, and the introduced biocontrol agent Rhinocyllus conicus Froel., showed that these insects, which have a wider range of hosts than has L. cyanella, concentrate breeding on introduced species of Cynareae (Compositae). Based on this evidence, it is extrapolated that L. cyanella will exploit Canada thistle and will not damage populations of native Cirsium species when established in North America.

HOST SPECIFICITY OF ALTICA CARDUORUM GUER. (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships

The flea beetle Altica carduorum Guer. could be reared only on plants of the closely related genera Cirsium, Silybum, and Carduus. The relative acceptability of the different species within this group was correlated with the closeness of their taxonomic relationships to Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. It is concluded that, in the field, the beetle will be restricted to attacking a few species of Cirsium and will not endanger any economic plant in North America. Thus it is a suitable insect to be used for the biological control of C. arvense in North America. Results of preliminary liberations of A. carduorum are insufficient to indicate if it will exert effective control of the weed in Canada.

HOST SPECIFICITY AND BIOLOGY OF UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE). A BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Further Development

AbstractThe biology of Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its suitability as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) were investigated. The incubation period of the eggs was 4.3 days at 27 °C. Crowding did not significantly reduce the longevity of the adults, the number of eggs laid, or the egg hatch. U. cardui overwinters as a mature larva in the gall but pupation and further development ensue when the larvae are exposed to air by opening the gall. The roots of single and double-galled plants weighed 65 and 78% less and the combined weights of the stem and leaves 47 and 58% less respectively than plants without galls. U. cardui is monophagous: it oviposits into Canada thistle and if kept without this host, into the closely related weeds Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. and Carduus acanthoides L. U. cardui is a promising biological control agent and should be released in Canada.Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) is a widespread noxious weed in Canada and the northern United States. This paper reports on the biology of Urophora cardui (L.), a European tephritid, and its suitability for introduction into Canada to aid in the control of the thistle.

AN ANNOTATED LIST OF INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN CANADA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Insect Parasites

AbstractAs part of the biological control of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., in Canada, a survey of the insect fauna showed 80 identified or apparent phytophagous species representing 24 families and seven orders and 47 species of visitors, insect parasites, and predators representing 28 families and six orders. Thirty-eight per cent of the phytophagous insects attack economic plants. Three species, Altica carduorum, Ceutorhynchus litura, and Urophora cardui, are specific to C. arvense and were introduced as control agents.

Integrated Management of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) with Insect Biological Control and Plant Competition under Variable Soil Nutrients

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Burns ◽  
Deirdre A. Prischmann-Voldseth ◽  
Greta G. Gramig
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Shoot Height

AbstractBecause of economic and environmental constraints, alternatives to chemical management of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) are frequently sought, but adequate nonchemical suppression of this invasive species remains elusive. Combining biological control with other tactics may be an effective approach to suppress Canada thistle, but more information is needed about how environmental conditions affect interspecific interactions. We investigated effects of a biocontrol agent (Hadroplontus litura, a stem-mining weevil) and a potential plant competitor (common sunflower, Helianthus annuus, native annual) on Canada thistle under two soil nutrient regimes in outdoor microcosms. Larval mining damage was relatively light, and weevils negatively impacted only main shoot height and flower number. All measures of Canada thistle performance were reduced when plants were grown with common sunflower or in reduced nutrients, although effects of the latter on root biomass were not significant. Effects of common sunflower and soil nutrients on Canada thistle were generally additive, though a marginally insignificant interaction indicated a trend for greatest flower number with high nutrients and absence of common sunflower. Effects of weevils and common sunflower on Canada thistle were also additive rather than interactive. Although larval damage ratings were significantly greater on plants grown in high-nutrient soil, under our experimental conditions weevils and soil nutrients did not have a significant interactive effect on Canada thistle plants. Our results indicate that H. litura is a relatively weak biological control agent, but when combined with competitive desirable vegetation, some level of Canada thistle suppression may be possible, especially if soil nutrient levels are not highly enriched from agricultural runoff. Assessing the true ecological impacts of Canada thistle infestations may be an important direction for future research.

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