HOST RANGE OF LEMA CYANELLA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR BIOCONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE, AND OF FOUR STENOPHAGOUS, FOREIGN THISTLE INSECTS IN NORTH AMERICA

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus ◽  
Cage Test

AbstractIn the field in Europe, Lenta cyanella (L.) has been reported to breed only on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) whereas in the laboratory it breeds on species in the genera Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum. In one laboratory choice test, L. cyanella preferred Cirsium drummondii T.&G. over Canada thistle. In one field-cage test, it concentrated feeding and oviposition on one C. drummondii which thrived in preference to three other C. drummondii and Canada thistle which grew poorly. In a second field-cage test, Canada thistle predominated and L. cyanella fed and oviposited most on Canada thistle although its intrinsic preference for C. drummondii was still apparent. A review of the field host-plants of three accidentally introduced thistle-feeding insects, Orellia ruficauda (F.), Cleonus piger Scop, and Cassida rubiginosa Müller, and the introduced biocontrol agent Rhinocyllus conicus Froel., showed that these insects, which have a wider range of hosts than has L. cyanella, concentrate breeding on introduced species of Cynareae (Compositae). Based on this evidence, it is extrapolated that L. cyanella will exploit Canada thistle and will not damage populations of native Cirsium species when established in North America.

scholarly journals Field Host Range ofApanteles opuntiarum(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Argentina, a Potential Biocontrol Agent ofCactoblastis cactorum(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Varone ◽  
Guillermo Logarzo ◽  
Juan José Martínez ◽  
Fernando Navarro ◽  
James E. Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

scholarly journals Spill-over attack by the gall fly, Urophora stylata, on congeners of its target weed, Cirsium vulgare

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Michael Cripps ◽  
Jovesa Navukula ◽  
Benjamin Kaltenbach ◽  
Chikako Van Koten ◽  
Seona Casonato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Cirsium Vulgare ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Limited Supply ◽  
Californian Thistle ◽  
Attack Intensity ◽  
Selection Of

The gall fly, Urophora stylata, was released in New Zealand in 1998 as a biocontrol agent for the thistle weed, Cirsium vulgare (Scotch thistle). In the summer of 2018, a survey was conducted to assess the field host range of the biocontrol agent in New Zealand.  A random selection of 18 pasture populations under sheep and/or beef production, where C. vulgare was present, was surveyed to quantify the attack intensity (gall size relative to seedhead size) on C. vulgare, and the presence of attack on other thistle weeds within the same population. At each location, seedheads were collected from C. vulgare and all other thistle species (Cardueae) present, which included Cirsium arvense (Californian thistle), Cirsium palustre (marsh thistle), Carduus nutans (nodding thistle), and an Arctium species (burdock). In addition to attack on C. vulgare, the gall fly was recorded on C. arvense (at six locations) and C. palustre (at one location). The probability of the presence of attack on C. arvense was positively correlated with the attack intensity on C. vulgare, suggesting that attack on C. arvense is a ‘spill-over effect’ occurring where seedheads of C. vulgare are in limited supply.

Autoecious Puccinia species attacking Cardueae in North America

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1567-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. O. Savile
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Cirsium Vulgare ◽  
Centaurea Repens ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Arctium Minus

Native rusts include P. irrequiseta on Centaurea americana and the following taxa on Cirsium: P. laschii var. laschii and var. xerophila var. nov.; P. altissimorum sp. nov. and var. horriduli var. nov.; P. californica and var. deserticola var. nov.; P. inclusa and vars. flodmanii, boreohesperia, brevifolii, and mexicana vars. nov. Introduced rusts include P. bardani on Arctium minus, P. carthami on Carthamus tinctorius, P. acroptili on Acroptilon (Centaurea) repens, P. centaureae var. centaureae on Centaurea nigra, P. cyani var. cyani and var. sublevis var. nov. on Centaurea cyanus, P. cnici var. cnici on Cirsium vulgare, and P. punctiformis on Cirsium arvense. The origins and relationships of the American Cirsium rusts are discussed in relation to those of the host plants. A hitherto disregarded adaptation to arid climates, the evolution of very fine and close urediniospore echinulations, is described and exemplified; it is suspected to function through improved retention of spores in the sorus in dry weather when susceptible young leaves are unavailable. Biological observations suggest means of limiting the spread of rusts of economic hosts and promoting those of some weedy hosts.

HOST SPECIFICITY AND SUITABILITY OF LEMA CYANELLA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Peschken ◽  
G.R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractThe host specificity of Lema cyanella (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its suitability as a biological control agent were investigated. The females lay an average of 1564 eggs and development from egg to adult takes 17.6 days at 25°C during the day and 20°C during the night (average about 23°C). Feeding of adults and larvae is confined to Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum species, and according to literature records, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. is the main host. No economic plants are attacked. A colony of field collected beetles imported from Germany was infected with a Nosema disease. It is recommended that disease free L. cyanella should be released against the weed C. arvense in North America.

HOST SPECIFICITY AND BIOLOGY OF UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE). A BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Further Development

AbstractThe biology of Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its suitability as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) were investigated. The incubation period of the eggs was 4.3 days at 27 °C. Crowding did not significantly reduce the longevity of the adults, the number of eggs laid, or the egg hatch. U. cardui overwinters as a mature larva in the gall but pupation and further development ensue when the larvae are exposed to air by opening the gall. The roots of single and double-galled plants weighed 65 and 78% less and the combined weights of the stem and leaves 47 and 58% less respectively than plants without galls. U. cardui is monophagous: it oviposits into Canada thistle and if kept without this host, into the closely related weeds Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. and Carduus acanthoides L. U. cardui is a promising biological control agent and should be released in Canada.Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) is a widespread noxious weed in Canada and the northern United States. This paper reports on the biology of Urophora cardui (L.), a European tephritid, and its suitability for introduction into Canada to aid in the control of the thistle.

HOST SPECIFICITY OF TINGIS AMPLIATA (TINGIDAE: HETEROPTERA): A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Cynara Scolymus

AbstractThe only confirmed host plant of Tingis ampliata H.-S. (Tingidae: Heteroptera) is Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). For this and other reasons, T. ampliata appeared to be a promising biocontrol agent for use in Canada. However, in the laboratory, T. ampliata developed fertile eggs while feeding on the two economic plants globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), and nymphs developed to adults on globe artichoke. Therefore, T. ampliata should not be released in Canada.

scholarly journals Response of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Clones to Chlorsulfuron, Clopyralid, and Glyphosate

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ray Frank ◽  
Thomas J. Tworkoski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Response of clones of Canada thistle from North America and leafy spurge from North America and Eurasia to treatment with chlorsulfuron, clopyralid, and glyphosate was determined. Roots of Canada thistle plants from different locations responded differentially to injury from chlorsulfuron and clopyralid but not to glyphosate. Clones of Canada thistle varied significantly in response to all herbicide treatments. Roots of leafy spurge plants from different locations were differentially susceptible to injury from glyphosate. Clones of leafy spurge varied significantly for all responses to each herbicide. The differential effects of chlorsulfuron, glyphosate, and clopyralid on clones of Canada thistle and leafy spurge suggest that genetically-based differences may account for the failure of the herbicides to kill all plants within collection locations or between collection locations. Cross tolerance to the herbicides was not found in leafy spurge or Canada thistle.

Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control with Aminopyralid in Range, Pasture, and Noncrop Areas

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Robert Wilson ◽  
Phil Westra ◽  
Scott Nissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylic

Canada thistle is a serious weed of many crop, rangeland, pasture, and natural areas throughout North America. Aminopyralid is a new pyridine carboxylic acid herbicide that has activity on Canada thistle at lower use rates than current standard treatments. The objectives of this study were to compare aminopyralid efficacy, rates, and application timing with several commercial standards for Canada thistle control. Studies were conducted across the Great Plains at ten locations, which encompassed a wide range of environments. Aminopyralid provided Canada thistle control comparable to picloram, picloram + 2,4-D amine, and clopyralid and better control than clopyralid + 2,4-D amine, dicamba, dicamba + 2,4-D amine and dicamba + diflufenzopyr. Canada thistle control was similar when aminopyralid was applied between 0.08 and 0.11 kg ai/ha and application timing (spring bolting vs. fall rosette/regrowth) did not strongly influence control 1 yr after treatment (YAT). Aminopyralid provided effective Canada thistle control at lower use rates than current commercial standards and might be useful in areas where herbicides such as picloram and clopyralid are not recommended for use.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document