GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): II. ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF MIDGUT ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding ◽  
B. M. Rolseth
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Alkaline Phophatase

AbstractThe digestive section of the midgut of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood contains a phosphatase with a pH optimum of approximately 9.2 and with low substrate specificity; the enzyme was classified as an alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1).Polyacrylamide gel (6%) electrophoresis (at pH 8.9) of the digestive portion of the midguts of adult G. morsitans morsitans revealed three alkaline phophatase phenotypes. Midgut phosphatase was postulated to be under control of a single locus (designated alkph) with two alleles. Gene frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in two laboratory populations while a third, highly inbred population had only one phenotype. Phenotype frequencies were not significantly different among females of various ages from the Edmonton colony. Breeding experiments provided direct evidence for single locus control of midgut phosphatase.

GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): I. ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF XANTHINE OXIDASE AND ALDEHYDE OXIDASE

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Rolseth ◽  
R.H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
The University

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel (6%) electrophoresis (at pH 8.2) of the thoraces of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood revealed three xanthine oxidase (XO) phenotypes and six aldehyde oxidase (AO) phenotypes. Each enzyme was postulated to be under the control of a single locus, XO with two alleles and AO with three alleles. Gene frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both loci in two laboratory populations. Breeding experiments provided direct evidence for single locus control of each enzyme. No significant differences in phenotype frequencies were observed between the colony maintained at the University of Alberta, Canada and the parent colony at the University of Bristol, England. A colony of highly inbred flies from the University of Bristol had only one phenotype of AO and of XO.

GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): IV. ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF OCTANOL DEHYDROGENASE AND ARGININE PHOSPHOKINASE

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Gooding ◽  
B.M. Rolseth
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the thoraces of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood revealed five octanol dehydrogenase (ODH, E.C. 1.1.1.73) phenotypes (and a sixth was predicted) in males and females, two arginine phosphokinase (APK, E.C. 2.7.3.3) phenotypes in males and three APK phenotypes in females. Each enzyme was postulated to be under the control of a single locus; Odh with three alleles on an autosome and Apk with two alleles on the X-chromosome. Allele frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in our colony, and breeding experiments provided direct evidence for single locus control of each enzyme. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique described permits determination of banding patterns for xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, ODH, and APK from a single individual.

GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE). VI. MULTILOCUS COMPARISON OF THREE LABORATORY POPULATIONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding ◽  
B. M. Rolseth
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Three strains (Kariba, Handeni, and ocra) of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the extent of genetic similarity among the strains. Males were examined for 11 thoracic enzymes, one testicular enzyme, and one midgut enzyme. Tetrazolium oxidase, manganese stimulated malate dehydrogenase, an alpha-glycerophosophate deyhdrogenase, and testicular esterase were monomorphic. Variation was found in xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, octanol dehydrogenase, an alpha-glycerophosophate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, midgut alkaline phosphatase, two esterases, arginine phosphokinase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Loci for the latter two enzymes are on the X-chromosome; all others are on autosomes. Allele frequencies in the three strains indicated that the Kariba and ocra strains are more closely related to each other than either is to the Handeni strain. These genetic similarities are consistant with the geographic origins of the strains. The mean heterozygosity per locus was highest (16.7% and 16.0%) in the two strains (Kariba and ocra) which have the highest reproductive capacity under laboratory conditions, and lowest (7.3%) in the strain (Handeni) which has the lowest reproductive capacity.

Genetics of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). VII. Location of G6pd in linkage group I, and Alkph in linkage group II

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

In Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood the locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6pd, was found to be in linkage group I, approximately 35 to 42 map units to the left of ocra, the locus for body color. The locus for midgut alkaline phosphatase, Alkph, was found to be in linkage group II, within 0.41 map units of the locus for xanthine oxidase, Xo. The distance from Xo to the locus for aldehyde oxidase, Ao, was confirmed to be about 42 map units. No evidence for genetical recombination was found in male G. m. morsitans.

Digestive processes of haematophagous insects. XII. Secretion of trypsin and carboxypeptidase B by Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Carboxypeptidase B ◽  
Positive Correlation

There was a significant positive correlation between protein content and the amounts of trypsin and carboxypeptidase B (CPB) in the digestive portion of the midgut of Glossina morsitans morsitans, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after feeding on a rabbit. CPB and trypsin activity were also positively correlated. Trypsin and CPB production were stimulated, to varying degrees, by bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-globulin, β-globulin, γ-globulin, and haemoglobin; the greatest response was to BSA. Peptides derived from BSA by trypsin cleavage also stimulated production of trypsin and CPB.

Turbulent plumes of heat, moist heat, and carbon dioxide elicit upwind anemotaxis in tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
W G Evans ◽  
R H Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Upwind Flight ◽  
Moist Heat ◽  
Heated Air

The roles and interactions of turbulent plumes of heat, moist heat, and carbon dioxide in mediating upwind flight of adult tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood) were investigated using a wind tunnel in a constant-environment chamber. Heat fluctuations in the plume that were detected by a thermocouple and displayed as oscilloscope traces allowed direct visualization of the structures of the plumes. Significantly more flies flew upwind when exposed to plumes of (i) carbon dioxide (0.0051% above background) and air (58% relative humidity) compared with air alone; (ii) carbon dioxide and heated air (35% relative humidity and temperature fluctuating up to 0.09°C above background) compared with carbon dioxide and air; and (iii) carbon dioxide and moist (82% relative humidity) heated air (temperature fluctuating up to 0.05°C above background) compared with carbon dioxide and heated air. However, there were no significant differences in upwind flight of flies exposed to plumes of (i) air compared with humidified air (65% relative humidity); (ii) carbon dioxide and heated air compared with heated air alone; and (iii) carbon dioxide and moist heated air compared with moist heated air alone. Recorded temperature fluctuations in heat plumes transported downwind from a tethered steer in a pasture showed patterns similar to those produced in the wind-tunnel plumes. These results suggest that host emissions of carbon dioxide alone and combined heat and moisture carried downwind by low-velocity winds elicit upwind anemotaxis in tsetse flies, which distinguish these emissions from a background of lower atmospheric levels.

Trypanosome infections and survival in tsetse

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Maudlin ◽  
S. C. Welburn ◽  
P. J. M. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Vectorial Capacity ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Differential Effects

SummaryThe effect of trypanosome infection on vector survival was observed in a line of Glossina morsitans morsitans selected for susceptibility to trypanosome infection. The differential effects of midgut and salivary gland infections on survival were examined by exposing flies to infection with either Trypanosoma congolense which colonizes midgut and mouthparts or Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense which colonizes midgut and salivary glands. A comparison of the survival distributions of uninfected flies with those exposed to infection showed that salivary gland infection significantly reduces tsetse survival; midgut infection had little or no effect on the survival of tsetse. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the vectorial capacity of wild flies.

A New Multilocus Probe for DNA Fingerprinting in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and Comparisons with a Single-Locus Probe

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1559-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Stevens ◽  
R. E. Withler ◽  
S. H. Goh ◽  
T. D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Discriminatory Ability ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon

A multilocus DNA probe, B2-2, isolated from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and a single-locus Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) probe, 3.15.34, were examined for discriminatory ability among seven parents and 33–37 juveniles from five families of chinook salmon. DNA fingerprint patterns were observed in Hae III-digested chinook salmon DNA probed with B2-2. Between 8 and 20 fragments, from 2.20 kilobase pairs (kbp) to 19.0 kbp, were detected in each individual. The level of band sharing among unrelated parents was 0.18. Probe 3.15.34 hybridized with a total of nine DNA fragments, from 3.35 to 6.00 kbp, in the chinook salmon parents and progeny. One or two fragments were detected in each individual. Pedigree analysis confirmed that 3.15.34 detected both alleles of a single polymorphic locus whereas B2-2 detected autosomal, unlinked, predominantly heterozygous DNA fragments that were inherited in a Mendelian fashion at a minimum of 10 polymorphic loci. Among juvenile chinook salmon, levels of band sharing detected with probe B2-2 increased with increasing relatedness, and clustering based on differences in banding patterns distinguished unrelated progeny, half sibs, and full sibs even in the absence of parental genotypic data.

Responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odour-baited trees

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Model Trees ◽  
Clear Effect

AbstractField studies in Zimbabwe elucidated how trees might be enhanced as baits for controlling Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen. Catches from electrocuting devices at the bases of trees were near nil when sampling tsetse flies landing on the trunk but much greater when sampling them flying within 1 m of the trunk. Catches increased 5–8 times when 2 m2 of the trunk were blackened and given odour of acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-n-propyl phenol and 4-methyl phenol, but were still only ca. 30% of the catches from an odour-baited, free-standing, 1 × 1 m screen of black cloth. The upright trunk of real and model trees hindered their attractiveness but leaves and branches 5 m above ground had no clear effect. Real and artificial stumps of trees were as effective as the screen if they were 1 m2, compact and sharply outlined. The practical and biological implications of the results are discussed, with particular reference to the use of insecticide-treated netting with modified tree stumps as baits for control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document