THE WING LENGTH OF SWELTSA REVELSTOKA (PLECOPTERA: CHLOROPERLIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Stream Size

AbstractFunctional wing length (wing length/head-capsule width) of female Sweltsa revelstoka (Jewett) from streams was measured for 19 sites that have been free of Wisconsin glacial ice for about 15 000 years and possibly longer, and from 23 sites that have been ice free for about 10 000 years. At the former sites brachypterous populations were common and there was a significant negative relationship between functional wing length and elevation, and a positive relationship between functional wing length and stream size. In the area that deglaciated more recently, populations were not or only slightly brachypterous and there was no significant relationship between wing length and elevation or between wing length and stream size. Functional wing length was not related to body size. These analyses indicate that the brachypterous condition is probably genotypic in origin. I suggest that streams were colonized by macropterous forms shortly after deglaciation, and that brachyptery takes several millennia to develop at small, high-elevation streams.

Latitudinal variation in egg and clutch size in turtles

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2448-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Iverson ◽  
Christine P. Balgooyen ◽  
Kathy K. Byrd ◽  
Kelly K. Lyddan
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Latitudinal Variation ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Latitudinal Patterns ◽  
Clutch Mass ◽  
Size Data

Reproductive and body size data from 169 populations of 146 species (56% of those recognized), 65 genera (75%), and 11 families (92%) of turtles were tabulated to test for latitudinal variation in egg and clutch size. Body-size-adjusted correlation analysis of all populations (as well as within most families) revealed (i) a significant negative relationship (r2 = 0.26) between latitude and egg size, (ii) a significant positive relationship (r2 = 0.21) between latitude and clutch size, and (iii) no relationship between latitude and clutch mass. Phylogenetic contrast analyses corroborated these patterns. Clutch size was also negatively correlated with egg size across all populations as well as within most families. We evaluate the applicability to turtles of hypotheses postulated to explain such latitudinal patterns for other vertebrate groups. The observed pattern may be the result of latitudinal variation in selection on egg size and (or) clutch size, as well as on the optimal trade-off between these two traits.

scholarly journals Problems faced by the bean farmer in selected areas of Pabna district in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zamshed Alam ◽  
Md Shariful Islam ◽  
Muhammad Humayun Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship

The major purposes of the study were to determine the extent of the problem faced by the farmers in bean cultivation and to explore the relationships between bean farmers’ selected characteristics with their problem faced. The study was conducted in four villages of two unions under Atghoria upazilla of Pabna District. Data were collected from a random sample of 106 bean farmers by using an interview schedule during 15 Dec, 2017 to 15 Jan, 2018. The highest proportion (71.70 percent) of the farmers faced medium overall problem in bean production, while 16.04 percent faced high and 12.26 percent faced low problem. Problem faced in non-availability of pesticides ranked 1st and this was followed by non-availability of fertilizers, lack of capital so on and least one lack of irrigation in bean cultivation ranked 28th. Correlation analysis indicated that education, training exposure, organizational participation, extension media contact and farmers’ knowledge had significant negative relationship with their problem faced. Age had significant positive relationship with their problem faced while family members, farm size, annual family income, bean cultivation area, and credit received by the farmers had no significant relationship with their problem faced. Overwhelming (87.74) majority of bean farmers faced medium to high problems therefore, it may be said that problem faced by the farmers in bean cultivation is a serious issue to be addressed to maximize bean production.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 11-18, April 2018

Body size effects on pursuit success and interspecific diet differences in Cnemidophorus lizards

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Passek ◽  
Douglas Eifler
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Experimental Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cnemidophorus Uniparens

AbstractWe examined the relationship between body size and pursuit success in the lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens. Using grasshoppers as prey in experimental feeding trials, we found a significant positive relationship between lizard body size and pursuit time. In addition, larger individuals were significantly more likely to be unsuccessful at capturing the grasshoppers. We also examined the relationship between the mean body size of Cnemidophorus populations and diet composition. We found a significant negative relationship between mean body size and the proportion of grasshoppers in the diet and a significant positive relationship between mean body size and the proportion of termites in the diet.

THE WING LENGTH OF LENTIC CAPNIIDAE (PLECOPTERA) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ELEVATION AND WISCONSIN GLACIATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Donald ◽  
D. E. Patriquin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
River Population ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Lake Age

AbstractAlong the Continental Divide in Alberta, British Columbia, and Montana three species of Capniidae were common at some lakes (Capnia confusa Claassen, Isocapnia integra Hanson, and Utacapnia trava (Nebeker and Gaufin)). Females of all three species had substantial reduction in wing length at least at one lake, while most lentic populations had slightly shorter wings than a macropterous river population of the same species. For females of all three species there was a weak positive relationship between functional wing length and lake elevation. Furthermore, there was also a significant negative relationship between functional wing length and the approximate year of Wisconsin deglaciation for C. confusa and U. trava. Suitable data were not available to test the significance of this relationship for I. integra. However, the relationships between wing length and elevation, and between wing length and Wisconsin deglaciation, suggest that wing length of these three capniid species is related to lake age. Present day wing length might be explained by selection for brachypterism over recent millennia.

Organization-Based Self-Esteem Affects Employees' Exchange Relationship Perceptions and Extrarole Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The 2 types of exchange relationship perceptions—social exchange relationship perceptions (SERPs) and economic exchange relationship perceptions (EERPs)—constitute the primary concept for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. Using a sample of 581 employees from Mainland China, I explored the effects of SERPs and EERPs on employee extrarole behavior (ERB), as well as the moderating effect of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationships between SERPs and ERB, and between EERPs and ERB. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between SERPs and ERB, a significant negative relationship between EERPs and ERB, and a significant moderating effect for OBSE. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Identity and values in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Asayesh ◽  
Mohsen Mirmohammad Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Fahimifar ◽  
Elaheh Golpasha
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Ego Identity Status

The purpose of the present study is to analyse the relationship between identity status and personal values. The statistical population included all freshmen from University of Tehran in 2015. The sample consisted of 100 students who were selected by convenience sampling. The chosen research method is descriptive correlational. Bennion and Adams’ Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status and the personal values questionnaire were used for measuring the identity bases and personal values, respectively. The results of this study show that there is a positive significant relationship between achieved Identity status and religious values (p < 0.01), diffused identity and economic values (p < 0.05), diffused identity and value of power (p < 0.05), foreclosure identity status and religious values (p < 0.05) and foreclosure identity status and value of family (p < 0.05). In addition, the results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between achieved identity status and economic values (p < 0.01), diffused identity and religious values (p < 0.01) and foreclosure identity status and aesthetic values (p < 0.01). In this study, the moratorium identity status showed no significant relationship with none of the variables. There was also no significant relationship between other personal values and identity status. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the quality of personal values which originates from family, society and cultural background plays a major role in the formation of identity. Other findings are also discussed.   Keywords: Identity, values, adolescents, identification, students

Financial Performance Analysis of Nepalese Financial Institutions in the Framework of CAMEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Kedar Raj Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Development Banks

Analysis of financial performance to detect financial health of finance companies, development banks and commercial banks as a whole is a less explored research in Nepalese context. This paper, therefore, attempts to examine the financial performance and factors influencing financial performance of Nepalese financial depositary institutions in the framework of CAMEL. This study is based on descriptive cum casual research design. This study is based on secondary data which was extracted from various publications published by Nepal Rastra Bank such as banking and financial statistics, financial stability report and bank supervision report. All commercial banks, development banks, and finance companies are taken as population of the study. The study deals with financial performance analysis of entire population covering five years from 2014/15 to 2018/19. The variables such as capital adequacy, assets quality, management efficiency, earnings and liquidity are used to analyze financial performance. Descriptive as well as pooled regression analysis was used to assess the relationship among the variables. Descriptive analysis shows that financial institutions in each category meet NRB standard regarding capital adequacy. On the basis of capital adequacy and earnings, finance companies stand at first, on the basis of assets quality, development banks stand at first and on the basis of management efficiency, commercial banks stand at first. Finance companies store high liquidity as compared to other class financial institutions. The regression analysis shows that return on assets, ROA has significant positive relationship with capital adequacy and ROE but ROA has significant negative relationship with assets quality. However, return on equity, ROE has significant positive relationship with assets quality and ROA but ROE has significant negative relationship with capital adequacy. Capital adequacy and assets quality play major role to maximize ROA and ROE of financial institutions.

scholarly journals Farmers’ perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Md Shiduzzaman ◽  
Humyra Akhter ◽  
Mohammad Bashir Ahmed ◽  
Md Matiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Scale Data

Vermicompost is very useful manure which is becoming popular day by day. However, its perception by the farmers is not yet assessed in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. The main objectives of this study were to determine the farmers’ perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost and to explore the relationship between selected characteristics of the farmers’ and their perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost. Data were collected using an interview schedule from randomly selected 60 respondents. Locale was three villages namely Lokhpur, Bollokhpur and Vobna under Fakirhat upazila of Bagerhat district. Faceto- face interview was conducted during 7 to 29 May, 2016. Farmers’ perception regarding the beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost was measured using 5- point Likert type scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and farmers’ perception index was calculated. Majority (66.7 percent) of the respondents had moderate perception while 18.3 percent and 15 percent of them had less and high perception, respectively, on the beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost. Among seven selected characteristics of the respondents, age showed a significant negative relationship with their perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost while training experience of the respondents showed a significant positive relationship with their overall perception. Thus, arrangement of training could pave the way of high perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 19-25, April 2018

scholarly journals Body size is negatively correlated with trophic position among cyprinids

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 150652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Burress ◽  
Jordan M. Holcomb ◽  
Karine Orlandi Bonato ◽  
Jonathan W. Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Multiple Levels

Body size has many ecological and evolutionary implications that extend across multiple levels of organization. Body size is often positively correlated with species traits such as metabolism, prey size and trophic position (TP) due to physiological and mechanical constraints. We used stable isotope analysis to quantify TP among minnows across multiple assemblages that differed in their species composition, diversity and food web structure. Body size significantly predicted TP across different lineages and assemblages, and indicated a significant negative relationship. The observed negative relationship between body size and TP is contrary to conventional knowledge, and is likely to have arisen owing to highly clade-specific patterns, such that clades consist of either large benthic species or small pelagic species. Cyprinids probably subvert the physiological and mechanical constraints that generally produce a positive relationship between body size and TP using anatomical modifications and by consuming small-bodied prey, respectively. The need for herbivorous cyprinids to digest cellulose-rich foods probably selected for larger bodies to accommodate longer intestinal tracts and thereby to facilitate digestion of nutrient-poor resources, such as algae. Therefore, body size and TP are likely to have coevolved in cyprinids in association with specialization along the benthic to pelagic resource axis.

Rumen degradation of straw 1. Untreated and ammonia-treated barley, oat and wheat straw varieties and triticale straw

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Tuah ◽  
E. Lufadeju ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
G. A. Blackett
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

ABSTRACTThe dry-matter degradation of 19 varieties of barley, 14 varieties of wheat, 11 varieties of oats and one variety of triticale straws, both untreated and ammonia treated were studied using the nylon-bag technique. There were significant differences between the untreated varieties of all the types of cereal straw studied with respect to dry-matter loss (DML) values. When the barley and wheat straws were treated with ammonia, the differences between the varieties were also significant although ammonia treatment tended to improve those with lower values to a greater extent than those with higher values. There were also significant differences between the DML values of the oat straws when they were treated with ammonia but only after 48-h incubation. There was a significant negative relationship between the 48-h DML values of the untreated oat straws and the improvement in the DML values with ammonia treatment (r = −0·65; P < 0·05). Grain yield, straw length and nitrogen concentration had no significant relationship with the DML values of the untreated straws. Barley and oat straws had generally higher DML than the wheat and triticale straws.

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