DEVELOPMENT OF A CHEMICAL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR THE PINE FALSE WEBWORM, ACANTHOLYDA ERYTHROCEPHALA (L.) (HYMENOPTERA: PAMPHILIIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Barry Lyons ◽  
Blair V. Helson ◽  
Geraldine C. Jones ◽  
John W. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Late Application ◽  
Pine False Webworm ◽  
Acantholyda Erythrocephala ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractThe pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae), is an introduced sawfly that is becoming increasingly important as a pest of pine plantations in Ontario. Laboratory bioassays of 10 insecticides, applied to excised pine branches containing eggs immediately prior to hatching, indicated that carbaryl and permethrin at low dosages were efficacious in controlling larvae. Neither carbaryl nor permethrin affected egg hatch, and field trials at various dosages indicated that 500 g AI per ha of carbaryl significantly reduced larval numbers and mitigated defoliation of 1-year-old and current-year foliage. Comparisons of single early (during egg hatch), single late (mean instar about 3.8), and combinations of early and late applications of lower concentrations of both chemicals suggested that the late application better reduced webworm populations. All tested application rates of permethrin and carbaryl provided significant foliar protection, particularly to current-year foliage. Dosages as low as 35 g AI per ha of permethrin and 125 g AI per ha of carbaryl in mistblower applications of third- and fourth-instar larvae may provide suitable protection, depending on management objectives. Ground applications using a mistblower resulted in no differences in efficacy on branches from different vertical strata, but reduced efficacy was observed on branches on the sides of the trees opposite where sprays were applied. Spray drift tests with carbaryl at 500 g AI per ha indicated that some population reduction occurred in trees up to two 2.1-m-spaced rows downwind from treated trees. Thus, each row would not need to be sprayed in operational programs.

scholarly journals Impact of Bispyribac-sodium Application on Annual Bluegrass Control and Brown Patch Severity in Tall Fescue

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Brandon Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rates

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], with limited options available for postemergence control. Field research was conducted to evaluate bispyribac-sodium application rates (37 or 74 g ai·ha−1) (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) and timings (March, April or May) as well as iron supplementation on brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) severity, annual bluegrass control, and tall fescue quality. In general, applying bispyribac-sodium to tall fescue did not result in significantly more brown patch than in untreated plots in field trials. Applying bispyribac-sodium in March or April resulted in significantly higher annual bluegrass control than applications in May. In greenhouse experiments, bispyribac-sodium at 37 and 74 g ai·ha−1 (0.033 or 0.066 lb ai·A−1) was applied to brown patch-inoculated tall fescue plants. Under conditions of high inoculum and humidity in those greenhouse studies, applications of bispyribac-sodium increased the number of brown patch lesions relative to untreated plants. Tall fescue plant height was initially reduced after being treated with bispyribac-sodium; however, six weeks after application tall fescue plants in treated with herbicide were taller than the nontreated plants.

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF OPEN POLLINATED MAIZE (Zea mays) TO TYPES AND RATES OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS IN RAINFOREST TRANSITORY AGROECOLOGY OF NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
S. G. ADERIBIGBE ◽  
O. S. SAKARIYAWO ◽  
A. A. SORETIRE ◽  
A. A. OYEKANMI ◽  
P. A.S. SOREMI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Yield Responses

Sustainable maize (Zea mays) production in resource challenged regions of the world is achievable among others through optimal utilisation of organic fertilisers at varying rates. Field trials were conducted in Abeokuta (Latitude 7010' N and Longitude 3015' E) in the late cropping season of 2010 and 2011. Three commercially available organic fertilisers [(Gateway 1 (GF1), Gateway 2 (GF2) and Sunshine (SF)], at three rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and three replicates were used on improved open-pollinated maize variety (Swam 1 yellow). The experiment was laid out in a randomised completely blocked design. GF1 had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest effect on growth parameters (Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf area Index), with SF the least. A significant depression was observed in most growth parameters at increasing application rates of organic fertiliser, a converse pattern was observed on 1000 grain weight (GW), harvest index and cob length. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) vegetative growth, cob weight and grain yield was observed in 2010 than 2011, while 2011 had longer cobs and more 1000 GW than 2010. GF1 was recommended in Rainforest transitory zone of Nigeria at higher application rates though mediated by environmental factors. Keywords: , , ,   

Effects of crude aqueous extracts of indigenous pesticidal plants on the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
E. Mazhawidza ◽  
B. M. Mvumi ◽  
U. Mazarura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractEffects of pesticidal plant extracts on non-targeted species are rare. Direct topical and residual sprays of crude aqueous extracts of three pesticidal plants: Datura stramonium L. Bobgunnia madagascariensis Kirkbr. &amp; Wiersema and Solanum delagoense L. were assessed in laboratory bioassays and on-station experiments against the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze). The plants are routinely used by smallholder vegetable farmers to control aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae L. attacking rape, Brassica napus L. The crude extracts of D. stramonium fresh leaves, S. delagoense fresh fruits and B. madagascariensis dried pods, were applied separately at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% w/v under laboratory conditions. Application rates of 20% and 25% w/v of the plant extracts were further evaluated on-station. Negative (tap water) and positive (dimethoate® (36% E.C)) controls were included for comparison. The mortality of H. variegata was recorded 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure. In on-station experiments, treatments were applied fortnightly and live H. variegata adults were counted at 1, 7 and 14 days post-application. Mortality of H. variegata in laboratory bioassays increased with increase in post-exposure time and B. madagascariensis (25% w/v) caused the highest mortality. Based on LD50 values, B. madagascariensis extracts were most toxic (LD50, 30% w/v) followed by D. stramonium (LD50, 34% w/v) and S. delagoense (LD50, 49% w/v) 24 h post-application. In on-station experiments, the synthetic chemical significantly lowered (P &lt; 0.05) H. variegata numbers compared to the negative control and plant extracts. The results showed that D. stramonium and S. delagoense extracts at the application rates used in the study were relatively safer to H. variegata than B. madagascariensis (25% w/v); hence, the former two plants can be included in integrated pest management programmes.

The Plant Alkaloid Camptothecin as a Novel Antifouling Compound for Marine Paints: Laboratory Bioassays and Field Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Qing Feng ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Si Yu Chen ◽  
Pei Su ◽  
Cai Huan Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Antifouling Compound ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Amendment of soil with lime or gypsum and its effect on cavity spot disease of carrots (Daucus carota L.) caused by Pythium coloratum

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. El-Tarabily ◽  
G. E. St J. Hardy ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
A. G. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cavity Spot ◽  
Pythium Coloratum

Summary. Glasshouse trials were conducted to examine the effect of lime or gypsum amendments on the development of cavity spot disease of carrots in soil artificially infested with Pythium coloratum. Each amendment was applied to soil from the field at 4000 or 8000 kg/ha. Lime at both application rates significantly (P<0.05) reduced the incidence of the disease. In contrast, both gypsum treatments had no effect on the incidence of cavity spot disease. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in calcium concentration between carrot roots grown in unamended, lime- or gypsum-amended soil with or without the pathogen. Calcium did not appear to play a direct role in the reduction of cavity spot disease. Under the controlled conditions of this glasshouse trial, reduction in the incidence of cavity spot appeared to be related to the increase in soil pH associated with the application of lime. Field trials at the site of soil collection will confirm whether this mechanism is related to field reduction of the disease following liming.

Response of four annual broadleaf crops to simulated imazamethabenz spray drift

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Index 2 ◽  
Growing Conditions

Field experiments were conducted from 1992 to 1994 in southern Manitoba to investigate the tolerance of buckwheat, canola, field pea and lentil to simulated imazamethabenz spray drift. Imazamethabenz was applied at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 g a.i. ha−1 2 wk after crop emergence when buckwheat and canola were in the two- to three-leaf stage and lentil and field pea vine length was 10 cm. Application rates corresponded to 0, 1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5 and 25% of the recommended field rate for control of wild oat (482 g a.i. ha−1). At the dosages examined, buckwheat and canola leaf area index 2 and 4 wk after treatment, seed yield and thousand seed weight were unaffected. Lentil and field pea were severely injured by 60–120 g a.i. ha−1 of imazamethabenz. Injury consisted of foliar chlorosis, stunting, increased basal branching and delayed maturity. Field pea and lentil yields were reduced only at 60–120 a.i. ha−1 of imazamethabenz. At these rates, yield losses were 27–59% and 25–76% for lentil and field pea, respectively. Yield losses differed among years, with the highest percentage yield losses occurring under cold, wet growing conditions. Key words: Buckwheat (tame), canola, pea (field), lentil, spray drift, sublethal rates

BIOLOGY OF PINE FALSE WEBWORM (HYMENOPTERA: PAMPHILIIDAE) DURING AN OUTBREAK

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
History Of ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Pine False Webworm ◽  
Acantholyda Erythrocephala ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe life history of pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.), in three pine (Pinaceae) plantations in northern New York is similar to that reported for this species on red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton, in Ontario. Adult emergence extended from early May to early June. The sex ratio of emerging adults favored males by as much as 2.7:1. Oviposition occurred from mid-May to early June. Significantly more eggs per fascicle were deposited on the distal third of branches and in the lower third of the crown. Larval feeding took place throughout June. The proportion of prepupae remaining in the soil for more than 1 year varied from 9% to 66% between two sites. There was no evidence of egg parasitism, and egg survival exceeded 95% in each of 2 years. A new species of nematode (Steinernema sp.) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) was recovered from pronymphs. Homaspis interruptus (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitized larvae and emerged from 8.5% and 2.8% of the pronymphs in two populations.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Sex Pheromone of the Pine False Webworm Acantholyda erythrocephala

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
Joseph K. Staples ◽  
Robert J. Bartelt ◽  
Allard A. Cossé ◽  
Douglas W. Whitman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pine False Webworm ◽  
Acantholyda Erythrocephala

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Scaptomyza flava (Diptera Drosophilidae) to insecticides

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Martin ◽  
P.J. Workman ◽  
D. Hedderley
Keyword(s):  
Good Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays ◽  
Methods Of Control

The leaf miner Scaptomyza flava (Diptera Drosophilidae) can damage Asian brassicas Methods of control are required that are compatible with biological control of the lepidopteran pests that also damage this crop Laboratory bioassays compared the susceptibility of adult flies and first instar larvae in leaf mines to 12 insecticides registered for use on brassicas and the insecticide abamectin The efficacy of seven insecticides were compared in two field trials with Joi Choi and Pak Choi and the survival of a larval/pupal parasitoid Asobara persimilis (Hymenoptera Braconidae) was assessed Adult and larval flies were susceptible to nine insecticides In the field trials abamectin deltamethrin endosulfan and fipronil gave good control of fly larvae Parasitoids emerged in treatments where fly larvae survived to pupate ie abamectin endosulfan maldison spinosad and indoxacarb

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