Note on Injury to Tree Fruits by Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Essex County ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Tree Fruits

The thrips Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) occurred in great abundance early in May, 1954, in orchards of tree fruits in Essex County, Ontario.Observations during the first three weeks of May showed that this insect was abundant on the foliage and blossoms of apple, sweet and sour cherries, plum, and peach. Sweet cherry, European plum, and peach suffered the greatest attack. On sweet cherry and plum large numbers of eggs were inserted in blossom stems, styles and apices of the ovaries. From 30 to 50 per cent of the blossoms of sweet cherry and plum were destroyed, apparently because of disruption of tender tissues by the large numbers of eggs inserted in them; a considerable number of the fruits remaining on the trees were injured by feeding of adults and immature stages of the thrips (Fig. 1).

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRODUCING LARGE NUMBERS OF SECOND-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM LARVAE, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dail Grisdale
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA method for weekly production in excess of 100,000 second-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura jumiferana (Clem.), is described. It depends on adherence to specific regimes of physical conditions and manipulation for the different immature stages. Standard, easily obtained utensils and materials are used in the rearing technique.

scholarly journals Fruit bearing shoot characteristics of apricot and sweet cherry cultivars in Hungary

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thurzó ◽  
G. Drén ◽  
M. Dani ◽  
B. Hlevnjak ◽  
V. Hazic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

: Our study was carried out on 23 apricot and 9 sweet cherry cultivars in February 2005. Fruiting laterals were classified into four groups (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and >40 cm) and then the density and setting of flower buds were evaluated and expressed as bud/cm. The flower bud density of four types of fruit bearing shoots and the changes in the frost resistance were studied. Shoots were collected from a young orchard in Gone (apricot), Siófok (sweet cherry) and Nagykutas (sweet cherry). There were significant differences among the cultivars in the density of flower buds. The number of flower buds/cm shoot length ranged between 0.91 and 2.20 in the average of the different fruit bearing shoot types on apricot. Based on the results, the bud density of shorter shoots is generally higher on apricot, but this is not valid for all cultivars. For cvs. Magyarkajszi and Ceglédi bíborkajszi, the highest flower bud density was detected on shoots of medium length (10-40 cm). There were fivefold and almost twofold (1.85) differences in bud density among cultivars on shoots shorter than 10 cm length and longer than 40 cm length, respectively. The ratio of the bud densities of the different types of shoots also ranged between wide boundaries. For cvs. Bayoto, Toyesi and Toyiba this ratio was 2.5-3.5, while for cv. Magyarkajszi it was 1.3. In the average of fruit bearing shoots on sweet cherry, cv. Bigarreau Burlat (1.10 bud/cm) and cv. Germersdorfi 45 (0.61 bud/cm) had the largest and the lowest flower bud density, respectively. Among the fruit bearing shoots, the largest flower bud density was in the group of 0-10 cm fruiting laterals. Among cultivars, cv. Bigarreau Burlat had the largest bud density. In the groups of n- i 0 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm fruiting laterals, the lowest flower bud density was for cv. Linda, cv. Germersdorfi 45, cv. Ferrovia and cv. Sunburst, respectively. On cvs. Van and Bigarreau Burlat, large numbers of double-set flower buds were observed on the fruit bearing shoots longer than 20 cm. Fruit setting differed on the different types of fruit bearing shoots, with the lowest value measured on above 40 cm shoots. The highest fruit setting was observed on cv. Katalin, while the lowest value was measured on cv. Germersdorfi 3.

scholarly journals NUISANCE PSYCHODA ALTERNATA (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) DEVELOPING IN POTTED PLANTS AT A COMMERCIAL NURSERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Matteo Pallottini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
First Record ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Columbia County

Moth flies (Psychoda alternata Say) were reported emerging in large numbers from potted plants at a commercial nursery near Fort White, Columbia County, FL and causing an annoyance and potentially a public health nuisance at neighboring residences. The distribution of its fly immature stages in the soil of recently re-potted plants was investigated. Two species of plants from the commercial nursery were selected, soil samples were taken at different depths and positions and each soil sample was extracted using a technique for nematode extraction from soil. Larvae and pupae of P. alternata moth flies were identified in the samples. Psychoda alternata is commonly found breeding in trickling filters and this is the first record of it being an important nuisance pest in newly potted plants.

A new Australian genus and family of Diptera (Nematocera: Perissommatidae).

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Colless
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forests ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Structural Adaptations ◽  
Median Cell

A new dipterous family (Perissommatidae) is erected to accommodate the genus Perissomma, gen. nov., with its two species, P. fusca, sp. nov., and P. mcalpinei, sp. nov. The genus possesses a considerable number of unusual morphological and biological features including, in the adult, a complete, V-shaped, mesonotal suture; an unusual wing venation, with median cell and costal "ambient vein"; and lateral division of the eyes into completely separate, dorsal and ventral components. P. fusca breeds during the winter months in autodigesting fungi (Boletus granulatus) which occur in large numbers in pine forests near Canberra. The larva is eucephalic and peripneustic, and pupation occurs within a puparium formed from the unmodified larval skin. The species apparently survives through dry weather by means of the prepupa and puparium which show structural adaptations to resist desiccation. Comparison with other Nematocera suggests that Perissomma belongs in the section Bibionomorpha and its immature stages show some resemblance to those of the Scatopsidae. However, no grounds can be found for including it in any known family, and it appears to be a specialized relict of a primitive bibionomorph stock.

scholarly journals Host Plants of the Immature Stages of the Invasive Longan Lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.) (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) in Taiwan

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Meng-Hao Hsu ◽  
Yueh-Lin Yang ◽  
Meng-Ling Wu ◽  
Liang-Jong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Triadica Sebifera ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Acacia Confusa ◽  
Northern Taiwan

The longan lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.), has been invading mainland Taiwan since 2018, but the distribution of the species has been confined to northern Taiwan until now. The manual removal of the adult insects from the longan is still the main control strategy because of the uncertainty around other key host plants, especially for eggs and nymphs. In this study, large numbers of eggs and nymphs were found on Triadica sebifera (L.) Small and Acacia confusa Merr. The occurrence of immature individuals on Triadica sebifera increased with developmental stage from eggs to the last instar from May to July 2021. On April 30, the first egg mass was recorded. More egg masses were recorded in May, and some could be found in July. In May, only two younger instars were detected. Third and fourth instars began to appear from June, while the fifth instar was mainly recorded from July onwards. The results of this study provide great strategic value for decision-makers to allow for effective control of the target tree species. For now, we proved that longan and pomelo trees, preferred by adults, are not the key hosts for the immature stages of this insect, because few immature individuals were found on them. Therefore, we suggest that the existence of Triadica sebifera should be considered when analyzing possible spreading areas of this invasive lanternfly in Taiwan.

Studies on Marteilia sydneyi, agent of QX disease in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis, with implications for its life cycle

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Roubal ◽  
J Masel ◽  
RJG Lester
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Rock Oyster ◽  
Large Numbers

An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was developed to test for mature and immature stages of Marteilia sydneyi in the digestive gland of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis. Immunogold labelling of sections for electron microscopy showed that the sporont membrane, refringent granules, spore wall and haplosporosomes were particularly antigenic. The antibody did not react with any myxosporidean parasite found in local fish. Large numbers of sporonts were shed by infected oysters before oyster death. Lightly infected oysters were apparently able to shed all of their parasites and recover. Refringent granules were proteinaceous and an unlikely energy source for the shed parasite. Growth of the sporont was associated with the enlargement and production of refringent granules. The findings implicate filter-feeding or detritivorous invertebrates rather than scavenging invertebrates or fish in the life cycle of Marteilia parasites.

scholarly journals Rissoid Larvæ as Food of the Young Herring. The Eggs and Larvæ of the Plymouth Rissoidæ

1934 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The free-swimming young of the Rissoidse are particularly important in the plankton for there is always one or more species present in any month and they usually occur in great abundance. The various species live between tide-marks, in the laminarian and coralline zones and in deeper water in several fathoms depth; wherever tow-nettings are taken they usually contain some species of this family. The inshore waters, however, are the richest in rissoids. Even in winter certain species are common round the Plymouth coasts. Some years ago it was found that very young herring just before losing the yolk-sac and about a fortnight old had been eating small rissoids, evidently almost newly hatched (Plate I, Fig. 1). The herring up to a length of about 12 mm. and just after the yolk-sac had disappeared altogether continued to eat them but usually after this size they ate only small Crustacea. From 1917 to 1921 it was found that out of 140 young herring examined, 91 had fed on these small gastropods. In later years they were also found feeding on them (Lebour, 1921, 1924). Other minute planktonic organisms were eaten, including algæ, tintinnids, copepod and cirripede nauplii and very small adult copepods; also a minute bivalve larva but no other gastropod, although other veligers were present in the plankton, Patella being specially common. The young herrings hatch out from December to February, therefore these little gastropods must also hatch at this time and this proves to be the case for in the plankton there are large numbers of these very young veligers (Plate I, Figs. 7–8). Later on, in spring, older stages of the same mollusc abound and are quite the commonest veligers in the plankton near the coast (Plate I, Figs. 17–19). In the summer they have almost entirely disappeared.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 68. Crataegus crus-galli L. sensu lato

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. DICKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Large Numbers

Crataegus crus-galli L. sensu lato (cockspur hawthorn) is one of the most readily identified Canadian hawthorns. It occurs frequently, and often in great abundance, on abandoned or poorly managed agricultural land in southern Ontario. These shrubs or small trees are difficult to remove and because of their thorns highly resistant to grazing. The weediness of cockspur hawthorn appears to be a function principally of reproductive characteristics (apomixis and self-fertility in abundant, unspecialized flowers each of which may develop into a fleshy fruit) that result in the production and dispersal of large numbers of seed annually (or biennially).Key words: Weed biology, cockspur hawthorn, Crataegus crus-galli, distribution

Larval Description of Acanthocinus pusillus Kby. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Eastern Half

Craighead (1923) described the larvae of four North American species of Acunthocinus and constructed a key for their separation; two of these, A. nodosus (Fab.) and A. obsoletus (Oliv.), occur in the eastern half of the continent. During recent studies of cerambycids infesting fire-killed pine in central Ontario, another species, A. pusillus Kby., was encountered in large numbers, but the larvae could not be identified because of the lack of a published larval description. Larvae were eventually reared from known parent adults, and, since wood-boring Coleoptera are most frequently encountered in immature stages, the following description has been prepared.

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