Ecology of Two Prosimulium Species (Diptera) with Reference to their Ovarian Cycles

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Davies
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The North ◽  
Larval Salivary Gland ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

Prosimulium fuscum Syme and Davies, P. mixtum S. and D. and P. fontanum S. and D. form a complex of closely-related and largely sympatric species formerly known in North America (Twinn, 1936; Stone and Jamnback, 1955) under the single name P. hirtipes Fries, a well known species in the northern Palaearctic. The first step in demonstrating the multiple nature of the forms grouped under this name in North America was taken by Rothfels (1956) who showed by study of rhe larval salivary gland chromosomes that at least three non-interbreeding forms were present in eastern Canada. L. Davies (1957a) concluded from a study of specimens of all life-stages that none of the North American forms agreed with European P. hirtipes. A further step in the process was afforded by the work of Syme and D. M. Davies (1958), which erected the three species named above as a result of anatomical study of cytologically defined material, and showed that adult females of P. fuscum and P. mixtum could be reliably separated, mainly by features of the genitalia. The present work may be considered as a further step in the study of the common Prosimulium of eastern North America, by providing information on their ecology, thus amplifying the cytological and anatomical conclusions arrived at in the papers cited above.

scholarly journals Do Barrow's Goldeneyes, Bucephala islandica, Breed South of the St. Lawrence Estuary in the Gaspé Peninsula, Eastern Canada?

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Jean-François Ouellet ◽  
Pierre Fradette ◽  
Isabel Blouin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

We report the first observations of Barrow's Goldeneyes south of the St. Lawrence estuary in typical breeding habitat during the breeding season. Until recently, the confirmed breeding locations for the species in Eastern North America were all located on the north shore of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence.

The North American Species of Calocalpe Hübner (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Martha's Vineyard ◽  
The North ◽  
Martha’S Vineyard ◽  
The Common ◽  
Single Larva

Inconsistencies in larval habits of the Nearctic Calocalpe population have been known to lepidopterists of eastern North America for over a decade, at least since the publication of The Lepidoptera of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard Islands, Massachusetts by Dr. Frank Morton Jones and Mr. Charles P. Kimball (Nantucket Maria Mitchell Assoc., IV, 1943). In writing of the occurrence of undulata on Martha's Vineyard, Dr. Jones mentioned “solitary larvae, identified by breedings, occasional on Azalea”. Since only the common gregarious larvae on cherry were known up to that time and always considered as representing an American variant of undulata, the report of a solitary larva on a totally different food plant sounded interesting. This was drawn to my attention by Mr. Laurence R. Rupert of Sardinia, N.Y., who did so much to inspire my interest in Lepidoptera in earlier years. On a collecting trip with him to Martha's Vineyard in 1947, one of the things sought for was the Calocalpe mentioned by Dr. Jones. We did not find any, but since that time Dr. J. McDunnough and I on a number of occasions have bred specimens from solitary larvae on Rhodora at Halifax. Since Rhodora and Azalea are closely related, I assume this to be the same as the Martha's Vineyard species. Dr. McDunnough bred one from a larvae on Spiraea, the specimen emerging just in time to be mentioned in this paper. On another occasion I bred one from a single larva on willow, undoubtedly also the same species, and this provided the first clue to its relationship with the Palaearctic willow-feeding undulata.

New multituberculate mammal from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Cifelli ◽  
Cynthia L. Gordon ◽  
Thomas R. Lipka
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
North American ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The North

Multituberculates, though among the most commonly encountered mammalian fossils of the Mesozoic, are poorly known from the North American Early Cretaceous, with only one taxon named to date. Herein we describe Argillomys marylandensis, gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous of Maryland, based on an isolated M2. Argillomys represents the second mammal known from the Arundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (Lower Cretaceous: Aptian). Though distinctive in its combination of characters (e.g., enamel ornamentation consisting of ribs and grooves only, cusp formula 2:4, presence of distinct cusp on anterobuccal ridge, enlargement of second cusp on buccal row, central position of ultimate cusp in lingual row, great relative length), the broader affinities of Argillomys cannot be established because of non-representation of the antemolar dentition. Based on lack of apomorphies commonly seen among Cimolodonta (e.g., three or more cusps present in buccal row, fusion of cusps in lingual row, cusps strongly pyramidal and separated by narrow grooves), we provisionally regard Argillomys as a multituberculate of “plagiaulacidan” grade. Intriguingly, it is comparable in certain respects to some unnamed Paulchoffatiidae, a family otherwise known from the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Wing Color of Monarch Butterflies (Danaus plexippus) in Eastern North America across Life Stages: Migrants Are “Redder” than Breeding and Overwintering Stages

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Davis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Monarch Butterflies ◽  
Bright Orange ◽  
The Many

Monarch butterflies are famous among insects for their unique migration in eastern North America to overwinter sites in Mexico and their bright orange wing color, which has an aposematic function. While capturing migrating monarchs in northeast Georgia, USA, I noticed that many appeared to have unusually deep orange wings. I initiated the current study to compare wing hues (obtained using image analysis of scanned wings) of migrants (captured in 2005 and 2008) to samples of breeding and overwintering monarchs. Consistent with initial observations, migrants had significantly lower orange hues (reflecting deeper, redder orange colors) than breeding and overwintering monarchs. There was also a difference in hue between sexes and a relationship with wing size, such that larger monarchs had deeper, redder hues. The reasons for the color difference of migrants are not apparent, but one possibility is that the longer-lived migrant generation has denser scalation to allow for scale loss over their lifespan. Alternatively, this effect could be confined to the subpopulation of monarchs in the Southeastern United States, which may not be well represented at the Mexican overwintering sites. In any case, this discovery highlights the many questions emerging on the significance of wing color variation in this species.

A taxonomic reevaluation of North American Daphnia (Crustacea: Cladocera). III. The D. catawba complex

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. N. Hebert ◽  
Terrie L. Finston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New England ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Cyclic Parthenogenesis ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Daphnia Catawba

Despite the importance of Daphnia in freshwater zooplankton assemblages, species boundaries in the genus are unclear. This study verifies the taxonomic validity of D. catawba by establishing its genetic divergence from other species of Daphnia that occur in eastern North America. In addition, it reveals the presence of a second, closely allied species, D. minnehaha, which had previously been placed in synonomy with D. pulex. Daphnia catawba and D. minnehaha share a preference for acidic habitats and are restricted to the deciduous and boreal forest regions of the eastern portion of the continent, where D. catawba is restricted to lakes, while D. minnehaha occurs in ponds. Both species reproduce by cyclic parthenogenesis and, based on the extent of their allozyme differentiation, last had a common ancestor more than 7 million years ago. Populations of D. minnehaha fall into two genetic clades; those from the Great Lakes watershed are morphologically divergent and have much lower levels of genotypic diversity than those from eastern Canada and the New England states.

North Hemispheric winter air temperature variability and its linkage to North Pacific and North Atlantic SST modes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binhe Luo ◽  
Dehai Luo ◽  
Aiguo Dai ◽  
Lixin Wu
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Pacific

<p>Winter surface air temperature (SAT) over North America exhibits pronounced variability on sub-seasonal-to-interdecadal timescales, but its causes are not fully understood. Here observational and reanalysis data from 1950-2017 are analyzed to investigate these causes. Detrended daily SAT data reveals a known warm-west/cold-east (WWCE) dipole over midlatitude North America and a cold-north/warm-south (CNWS) dipole over eastern North America. It is found that while the North Pacific blocking (PB) is important for the WWCE and CNWS dipoles, they also depend on the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). When a negative-phase NAO (NAO-) concurs with PB, the WWCE dipole is enhanced (compared with the PB alone case) and it also leads to a warm north/cold south dipole anomaly in eastern North America; but when PB occurs with a positive-phase NAO (NAO<sup>+</sup>), the WWCE dipole weakens and the CNWS dipole is enhanced. In particular, the WWCE dipole is favored by a combination of eastward-displaced PB and NAO<sup>-</sup> that form a negative Arctic Oscillation. Furthermore, a WWCE dipole can form over midlatitude North America when PB occurs together with southward-displaced NAO<sup>+</sup>.The PB events concurring with NAO<sup>-</sup> (NAO<sup>+</sup>) and SAT WWCE (CNWS) dipole are favored by the El Nio-like (La Nia-like) SST mode, though related to the North Atlantic warm-cold-warm (cold-warm-cold) SST tripole pattern. It is also found that the North Pacific mode tends to enhance the WWCE SAT dipole through increasing PB-NAO<sup>-</sup> events and producing the WWCE SAT dipole component related to the PB-NAO<sup>+</sup> events because the PB and NAO<sup>+</sup> form a more zonal wave train in this case.</p>

Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) of eastern North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2973 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIE M. BEHAN-PELLETIER
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Mite Genus

The oribatid mite genus Oribatella (Oribatellidae) includes 107 species worldwide, with 13 species reported for eastern North America. Herein, I describe six new Oribatella species from eastern North America: O. flagellata sp. nov., O. jacoti sp. nov., O. nortoni sp. nov., O. metzi sp. nov., O. texana sp. nov., and O. transtriata sp. nov. Oribatella metzi and O. nortoni are described on the basis of adults and immatures. The deutonymph and tritonymph of O. metzi lack dorsocentral setae dm and dp, and the diagnosis of the genus is expanded to accommodate these newly described immatures, and also newly described adult characters. I provide expanded, detailed diagnoses for previously described species of eastern North America: Oribatella arctica Thor, 1930, O. brevicornuta Jacot, 1934, O. dentaticuspis Ewing, 1910, O. gigantea Berlese, 1916, O. mediocris Berlese, 1916, O. minuta Banks, 1896, O. plummeri Jacot, 1934, O. pusilla Berlese, 1916, O. quadridentata Banks, 1895, O. reticulata Berlese, 1916, O. reticulatoides Hammer, 1955 and provide new distribution records where available. I question the specific status of O. extensa Jacot, 1934, and consider records of O. sexdentata Berlese, 1916 from eastern North America to be doubtful. Oribatella quadricornuta (Michael, 1880) is confirmed to occur in eastern Canada. Finally, I give a key to adults of the 18 species of Oribatella now known from eastern North America.

Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) on Apple in Eastern North America with Notes on Other Species Occurring on Rosaceae

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1442-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stultz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA spotted tentiform leaf miner, often present during recent years in large numbers in apple orchards in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, is identified as Lithocolletis blancardella Fabr., a species common on apples in Europe. Recent collecting indicates that the species occurs widely in Eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. Diagnostic characters, especially those of the male genitalia, are compared with those of specimens identified as L. crataegella Clem. and L. propinquinella Braun, two similar species which commonly occur on apple and black cherry respectively.

Key Role of the North Pacific Oscillation–West Pacific Pattern in Generating the Extreme 2013/14 North American Winter

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. 8109-8117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Baxter ◽  
Sumant Nigam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
North Pacific Oscillation ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract The 2013/14 boreal winter (December 2013–February 2014) brought extended periods of anomalously cold weather to central and eastern North America. The authors show that a leading pattern of extratropical variability, whose sea level pressure footprint is the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and circulation footprint the West Pacific (WP) teleconnection—together, the NPO–WP—exhibited extreme and persistent amplitude in this winter. Reconstruction of the 850-hPa temperature, 200-hPa geopotential height, and precipitation reveals that the NPO–WP was the leading contributor to the winter climate anomaly over large swaths of North America. This analysis, furthermore, indicates that NPO–WP variability explains the most variance of monthly winter temperature over central-eastern North America since, at least, 1979. Analysis of the NPO–WP related thermal advection provides physical insight on the generation of the cold temperature anomalies over North America. Although NPO–WP’s origin and development remain to be elucidated, its concurrent links to tropical SSTs are tenuous. These findings suggest that notable winter climate anomalies in the Pacific–North American sector need not originate, directly, from the tropics. More broadly, the attribution of the severe 2013/14 winter to the flexing of an extratropical variability pattern is cautionary given the propensity to implicate the tropics, following several decades of focus on El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its regional and far-field impacts.

scholarly journals Impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Winter Precipitations and Storm Track Variability in Southeast Canada and Northeast US

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chartrand ◽  
Francesco Salvatore Rocco Pausata
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) affects atmospheric variability from eastern North America to Europe. Although the link between the NAO and winter precipitations in the eastern North America have been the focus of previous work, only few studies have hitherto provided clear physical explanations on these relationships. In this study we revisit and extend the analysis of the effect of the NAO on winter precipitations over a large domain covering southeast Canada and the northeastern United States. Furthermore, here we use the recent ERA5 reanalysis dataset (1979–2018), which currently has the highest available horizontal resolution for a global reanalysis (0.25°), to track extratropical cyclones to delve into the physical processes behind the relationship between NAO and precipitation, snowfall, snowfall-to-precipitation ratio (S/P), and snow cover depth anomalies in the region. In particular, our results show that positive NAO phases are associated with less snowfall over a wide region covering Nova Scotia, New England and the Mid-Atlantic of the United States relative to negative NAO phases. Henceforth, a significant negative correlation is also seen between S/P and the NAO over this region. This is due to a decrease (increase) in cyclogenesis of coastal storms near the United States east coast during positive (negative) NAO phases, as well as a northward (southward) displacement of the mean storm track over North America.

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