Influence of elevation and avian or mammalian hosts on attraction of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern Ontario

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Russell ◽  
Fiona F. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Exception

AbstractWe studied Culex pipiens L. in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada, to establish whether or not these mosquitoes are attracted to hosts other than birds at different elevations or as the season progresses. Guinea-pigs and chickens were used as representative mammalian and avian hosts, respectively. Bait animals were placed next to modified CDC miniature light traps (no light and no CO2) hung 1.5 or 5 m above ground in a Niagara woodlot. The season was divided into three 6-week periods (early, middle, and late). Significantly more C. pipiens were captured at the 5 m than at the 1.5 m elevation. In general, chicken-baited traps were preferred over control and guinea-pig-baited traps, with one important exception: there was no significant difference among traps during the late period at 1.5 m elevation. The potential role of C. pipiens as a bridging vector of West Nile virus to humans is discussed.

Culex pipiens (Culicidae) is attracted to humans in southern Ontario, but will it serve as a bridge vector of West Nile virus?

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Russell ◽  
Fiona F. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Baited Traps

AbstractWe tested whether the known bird-biting mosquito, Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae), is attracted to human hosts by placing humans at ground level (∼1.5 m) or in the forest canopy (∼5 m) in a Niagara woodlot. Modified Centers for Disease Control (CDC) miniature light traps (no light, no CO2) were placed next to the human hosts to capture the attracted mosquitoes. The human-baited traps were compared with control traps (standard CDC miniature light traps with CO2, but no light). As expected from previous research, there were more C. pipiens captured at the higher elevation than at ground level. Generally, they were attracted to control traps more than to human-baited traps at 5 m, whereas at 1.5 m there was no difference between the two trap types. As a comparison, most Aedes vexans (Meigen) mosquitoes were captured at the 1.5 m elevation but there were significantly more captured in the control traps than the human-baited traps during all periods. Because C. pipiens is attracted to humans throughout the entire season at the 1.5 m height (where they might encounter humans), it is likely that C. pipiens can serve as a bridge vector of West Nile virus (WNV).

scholarly journals Sheep gut passage and survival of Mediterranean shrub seeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Manzano ◽  
Juan E. Malo ◽  
Begoña Peco
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Retama Sphaerocarpa ◽  
Gut Passage ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Viable Seeds

Although viable seeds of Mediterranean dry-fruited shrubs are found in herbivore dung, the ecological importance of this observation is still not well understood. We analysed seed retrieval percentages, defecation time and germinability after sheep gut passage for the five most common shrub species of an area in central Spain (Retama sphaerocarpa, Cytisus scoparius, Halimium umbellatum subsp. viscosum, Cistus ladanifer and Lavandula stoechas subsp. pedunculata). Five ewes were fed seeds, and their dung was collected regularly during the following week. Seeds were hand-sorted from dung subsamples and tested for germinability. The defecated seeds were clustered in time, with a majority retrieved in the 24–40 h period, although over 1% of the seeds were retained in the gut for more than 72 h. Data suggested a possible link between seed size and retrieval, with medium-sized seeds less damaged (16–23%) than larger and smaller seeds (10–12%), although only a small number of species were studied. Germination results showed an increased percentage of germination after gut passage for H. umbellatum (x2 test, P<0.05) and a marginally significant difference for C. scoparius (P<0.1). Soft-seeded L. stoechas did not germinate after gut passage. The results indicate a potential role of herbivore endozoochory for the long-distance dispersal of dry-fruited shrubs and their potential colonization of distant sites.

Circulating levels of GH-releasing hormone and GH during human pregnancy

1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mazlan ◽  
C. Spence-Jones ◽  
T. Chard ◽  
J. Landon ◽  
C. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Circulating Levels

ABSTRACT To study the potential role of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in maintaining circulating levels of GH during pregnancy, 302 maternal plasma samples were collected from non-fasted subjects at various stages of pregnancy and assayed for GHRH using a 'two-site' immunoradiometric assay. The GH and placental lactogen levels were also determined. In addition, maternal plasma samples taken during labour, amniotic fluid and cord blood were also assayed for these hormones. Maternal plasma GHRH levels were similar to non-pregnant levels throughout gestation despite fluctuations in GH values which were always higher than non-pregnant levels. There was no significant difference between GHRH levels in maternal plasma and cord blood although high GH levels were observed in the latter. These findings suggest that peripheral GHRH levels do not play an important role in maintaining circulating GH levels during pregnancy. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 125, 161–167

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Photosensitizers in Fight against Mosquitoes: Phototoxicity of Rose Bengal against Culex Pipiens Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Mohamed Younis ◽  
Hanem hater Khater ◽  
Atef Hussein ◽  
Shaimaa farag ◽  
Heba Aboelela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Potential Role

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Wedololactone in Treating Particle-induced Osteolysis _A Mouse Calvarial Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Chang Lu ◽  
Ting-Kuo Chang ◽  
Tzu-Chiao Lin ◽  
Shu-Ting Yeh ◽  
Hsu-Wei Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Total Joint Replacement ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Osteolysis is one of the most prevalent clinical complications of total joint replacement (TJR). Wedelolactone (WDL) is a coumestan compound derived from the Wedelia chinensis plant and has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the use of WDL as a potential treatment for reducing the risk of particle-induced osteolysis using a well-established particle-induced mice calvarial disease model. Methods: Thirty-two C57BL/6J mice were randomized into four groups: sham, polystyrene particles (PS), PS particles with WDL treatment for 4 weeks (WDL 4w) and PS particles with WDL treatment for 8 weeks (WDL 8w). Micro-CT was used to quantitatively analyze the bone mass. Osteoclast numbers were also measured from histological analysis. Results: The results showed that bone mineral density was significantly higher in the WDL 8w group than in the PS group (p < 0.05), and both the WDL 4 and WDL 8w groups had lower osteoclast numbers (p < 0.05). No significant difference in osteoclast number was found between the WDL 4w and WDL 8w groups. Conclusions: These results support the use of WDL as a herbal medicine for reducing the severity of particle-induced osteolysis after TJR.

scholarly journals Role of Preoperative Calcium and Vitamin D Therapy to prevent Post-thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghwan suh ◽  
Ju Won Seok ◽  
Keunyoung Kim ◽  
Mi Kyoung Park ◽  
Kyoungjune Pak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
English Language ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptomatic Hypocalcemia

Abstract Purpose: Postsurgical hypocalcemia is the most common and troublesome consequence of thyroidectomy. We investigated the potential role of routine calcium or vitamin D supplementation in preventing postsurgical hypocalcemia. Materials and Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for English-language publications using the keywords “calcium”, “vitamin D”, and “thyroid cancer”. The primary outcome was any postoperative hypocalcemia, and the secondary outcome was symptomatic hypocalcemia. Results: Four studies that included 381 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. The random-effects model showed no significant difference in the occurrence of hypocalcemia between calcium/vitamin D treatment and placebo/no treatment. The occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was lower in patients with calcium/vitamin D treatment. In combined results, preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation was associated with a reduced incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia.Conclusion: We support the use of preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with routine postsurgical supplementation for patients after total thyroidectomy.

scholarly journals Comparison of a human neuronal model proteome upon Japanese encephalitis or West Nile Virus infection and potential role of mosquito saliva in neuropathogenesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0232585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Besson ◽  
Justine Basset ◽  
Sandrine Gatellier ◽  
Hélène Chabrolles ◽  
Thibault Chaze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Neuronal Model ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Mosquito Saliva

scholarly journals HDL-C and non-HDL-C levels are associated with anthropometric and biochemical parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Barbalho ◽  
Ricardo José Tofano ◽  
Marcela Bueno de Oliveira ◽  
Karina Rodrigues Quesada ◽  
Mariana Ricci Barion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Atheroma Plaque ◽  
Intervention Trials

Abstract Background Dyslipidemias are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) has emerged as a new target for assessment and prediction of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is closely associated with atheroma plaque progression. Objectives To evaluate associations between HDL-c and non-HDL-c levels and anthropometric and biochemical parameters and with the Castelli risk indexes I and II. Methods 300 randomly selected people were subdivided into two groups: patients with normal values for non-HDL-c and patients with altered values for non-HDL-c. These parameters were analyzed for associations with glycemia, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), Castelli Index I (CI-I), Castelli Index II (CI-II), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Results Glycemia, TC, TG, LDL-c, CI-I, CI-II, WC and BMI were all significantly different between subjects with normal and altered values of HDL-c and non-HDL-c. TC and WC both exhibited significantly higher values among patients with abnormal non-HDL-c when compared to patients with abnormal HDL-c. A significant difference was observed in occurrence of MS among patients with altered values of HDL-c and non-HDL-c. Conclusions Our results show that both HDL-c and non-HDL-c are associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherogenic indices, and obesity. There is therefore a need for randomized clinical intervention trials examining the potential role of non-HDL-c as a possible primary therapeutic target.

The Potential Role of Photosensitizers in Fight against Mosquitoes: Phototoxicity of Rose Bengal Against Culex Pipiens Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Mohamed Younis ◽  
Hanem Khater ◽  
Atef Hussein ◽  
Shaimaa farag ◽  
Heba Aboelela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Potential Role
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