Taxonomy and nomenclature of Eremasiomyia macularis and Miltogramma maroccana (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pape ◽  
Krzysztof Szpila
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Senior Synonym

AbstractThe nominal taxon Tachina macularis Wiedemann is revised and redescribed from the adult and first instar larva. It is transferred from its current status as a valid species of Protomiltogramma Townsend to a position as a valid species of Eremasiomyia Rohdendorf, comb. nov. and senior synonym of Setulia luteicornis Villeneuve, syn. nov., Eremasiomyia setulioides Rohdendorf, syn. nov., and Eremasiomyia orientalis Verves, syn. nov. The nominal species Sphecapatodes maroccana Séguy is revised and redescribed from the adult, and is shown to belong to Miltogramma Meigen, comb. nov. The nominal genus-group taxon Capnopteron Rohdendorf was originally proposed as a subgenus of Miltogramma with the type species Miltogramma maculigerum Speiser sensu Rohdendorf). However, the latter is shown to be a misidentification of Miltogramma maroccana (Séguy), which herewith is fixed as the type species of Capnopteron.

Revision of the genus Leptopilina Förster, 1869, with notes on the status of some other genera (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Eucoitidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Nordlander
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Leptopilina Heterotoma ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe genus Leptopilina Förster is revised on a world basis. The identity of 31 nominal species, including type species of four other genera, is discussed and 15 lectotypes are designated. Valid species of Leptopilina are L. longipes (Hartig) [type species], L. clavipes (Hartig) n. comb., L. heterotoma (Thomson) n. comb., L. fimbriata (Kieffer) n. comb., L. rufipes (Cameron) n. comb., L. atraticeps (Kieffer) n. comb., L. mahensis (Kieffer) n. comb., L. boulardi (Barbotin et al.) n. comb., and L. cupulifera (Kieffer) n. comb. Leptopilina heterotoma is the valid name for the well-known Drosophila parasitoid currently referred to as Pseudeucoila bochei (Weld). Leptopilina is not synonymous with Ganaspis Förster. Tryhliographa Förster is a senior synonym of Episoclu Förster n. syn. and of Pseudeucoila Ashmead (synonymy confirmed). Leptopilina is described and compared with related genera (Cothonaspis, Rhoptromeris, Odonteucoila). L. victoriae n. sp. is described from the Seychelles. The five Leptopilina occurring in Europe are redescribed on modern material and a key is given to them.

On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2992 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
PATRICK DAVID ◽  
GERNOT VOGEL ◽  
ALAIN DUBOIS
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Current Content

This paper analyzes the consequences of the non-respect of the Rules of the Code to ascertain the valid subsequent designation of the nucleospecies (type species) of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804. The long accepted designation was invalid because it was based on a nominal species which was not among the prenucleospecies (originally included species) of the nominal genus. In contrast with the commonly accepted viewpoint which makes the Indian taxon Coluber gramineus Shaw, 1802 the nucleospecies of the genus, we show that this role is played by Trimeresurus viridis Lacépède, 1804, a species inhabiting the Lesser Sunda Islands and Timor and, as a nomen oblitum, a senior synonym of Trimeresurus albolabris insularis Kramer, 1977, a taxon now considered a distinct species. The important nomenclatural implications of this finding are discussed here, especially with regard to the recent splitting of the genus Trimeresurus. The generic nomen Trimeresurus should be associated with the Trimeresurus albolabris group of species currently placed in the genus or subgenus Cryptelytrops Cope, 1860. A lectophoront (lectotype) is selected and described for Trimeresurus viridis Lacépède, 1804. Coluber viridis Bechstein, 1802 is an invalid objective junior synonym of Coluber gramineus Shaw, 1802. The current content of the genus Trimeresurus and of its eight subgenera is provided. Some clarifications or improvements to the Code are suggested.

scholarly journals Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1418 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARL J. FERRARIS
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
New Name ◽  
The Status ◽  
Current Emphasis

A checklist of Recent and fossil catfishes (Order Siluriformes) is presented, summarizing taxonomic literature published through 2005. From 4624 nominal species group names and 810 genus group names, 3093 species are recognized as valid, and are distributed among 478 genera and 36 families. Distributional summaries are provided for each species, and nomenclatural synonymies, including relevant information on all name-bearing types, are included for all taxa. One new name is proposed herein: Clariallabes teugelsi, as a replacement for Clarias (Allabenchelys) dumerili longibarbis David & Poll, 1937, which is preoccupied by Clarias longibarbis Worthington, 1933, but has been treated as a valid species of Clariallabes by Teugels. Acrochordonichthys melanogaster Bleeker, 1854, is designated as type species of Acrochordonichthys Bleeker, 1857, inasmuch as no earlier valid designation has been found. A new genus Pseudobagarius, is proposed for the “pseudobagarius group” of species formerly placed in Akysis. The status of 228 species group names remains unresolved and 31 names based on otoliths ascribed to catfishes are listed but not placed into the checklist. The current emphasis given to catfish taxonomy at present is likely to result in a dramatic increase in the total number of valid taxa as well as major changes in the membership of some of the higher level taxa recognized here.

scholarly journals Resolving a 200-year-old taxonomic conundrum: neotype designation for Cephalothrix linearis (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) based on a topotype from Bergen, Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 39-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kajihara
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Original Material ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

The taxonomic identity of the palaeonemertean Cephalothrix linearis (Rathke, 1799) has been obscure for nearly two centuries, because its original description applies to almost any congeners, including Cephalothrix filiformis (Johnston 1828) and Cephalothrix rufifrons (Johnston, 1837), which occur commonly in the North Sea and adjacent waters. In this paper, I redescribe C. linearis based on two topotypes from Bergen, one herein designated as the neotype for C. linearis, because Rathke’s original material is not extant; I invoke Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to fix Planaria linearis Rathke, 1799 as the type species of Cephalothrix Örsted, 1843 for the sake of stability. From the neotype, I determined sequences of the 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. Using the COI sequence, I inferred the phylogenetic position of C. linearis along with 316 cephalotrichid sequences currently available in public databases. A tree-based species delimitation analysis detected 43 entities among them, with 34 in Cephalothrix and nine in eitherBalionemertes or Cephalotrichella. I apply valid species names to 12 of the 34 entities in Cephalothrix. I tabulated a total of 36 nominal species that are likely the members of the genus; the following five were excluded even though their specific names were originally combined with Cephalothrix: Cephalothrix armata Ulyanin, 1870 [Monostilifera, possibly Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837)], Cephalothrix fragilis Bürger, 1892 [now Cephalotrichella signata (Hubrecht, 1879)], Cephalothrix signata Hubrecht, 1879 [now in Cephalotrichella], Cephalothrix unipunctata Parfitt, 1867 [now Tetrastemma melanocephalum (Johnston, 1837) (Monostilifera)], and Cephalothrix viridis Chapuis, 1886 [possibly Heteronemertea]. The five names cephalothrix Diesing, 1850 (as Borlasia cephalothrix), kroyeri Diesing, 1850 (as Cephalothrix kroyeri), linearis Diesing, 1850 (as Borlasia linearis), lineata Claparède, 1862 (as Cephalothrix lineata), and oerstedii Diesing, 1850 (as Cephalothrix oerstedii) aredeclared nomenclaturally unavailable.

A taxonomic revision of the genus Zyzzyzus Stechow, 1921 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Tubulariidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1627 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS J.A. CAMPOS ◽  
ANTONIO C. MARQUES ◽  
ALVARO E. MIGOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Northwest Atlantic

The hydrozoan genus Zyzzyzus is revised based on reexaminations of all available type specimens and on additional material. The taxon includes four valid species: Zyzzyzus spongicolus (von Lendenfeld, 1884), from the eastern Indian and southwest Pacific oceans; the type species, Z. warreni Calder, 1988, from the Atlantic, western Indian, and western Pacific oceans; and Z. floridanus Petersen, 1990 and Z. robustus Petersen, 1990, both from the northwest Atlantic. Although type specimens of Z. calderi Petersen, 1990 could not be located, it has been assigned here to the synonymy of Z. warreni because of similarities between the two in nematocyst dimensions, in number and structure of endodermal canals, and in external morphology of the hydrocaulus and hydrorhiza. A sixth nominal species (Corymorpha iyoensis Yamada, 1958) has on one occasion been assigned to the genus, but detailed studies of the type material are needed to resolve its taxonomic affinities.

World catalogue of the family Callirhipidae (Coleoptera: Elateriformia), with nomenclatural notes

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2914 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIŘÍ HÁJEK
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The Family

The elateriform family Callirhipidae Emden, 1924 is catalogued. The family contains 14 genus-group taxa, of which 10 are currently considered as valid and four as synonyms. The family contains 214 available species-group names, of which 175 represent currently valid species and subspecies, and 39 are synonyms. For each taxon, all references known to the author are listed. For species-group taxa, type locality, type material, current status and known distribution are given. Lists of unavailable names and taxa excluded from the family Callirhipidae are presented. A systematic checklist of the family is appended. The following new synonyms are proposed: Simianus Blanchard, 1853 = Simianellus Emden, 1924 syn. nov.; Callirhipis javanica Laporte de Castelnau, 1834 = Callirhipis impressicollis Fairmaire, 1887 syn. nov. = Callirhipis armitagei Pic, 1916 syn. nov. = Callirhipis angustata Pic, 1943 syn. nov.; Callirhipis lineata Waterhouse, 1877 = Callirhipis ruficollis Pic, 1943 syn. nov.; Callirhipis separata Gemminger, 1869 = Simianellus bicolor costatus Emden, 1932 syn. nov.; Callirhipis sirambea Pic, 1921 = Callirhipis (Helleriola) henrikseni Emden, 1934 syn. nov.; Callirhipis suturalis Waterhouse, 1877 = Callirhipis scutellata Fairmaire, 1887 syn. nov. = Callirhipis aureoscutata Pic, 1938 syn. nov.; Callirhipis tonkinea Pic, 1907 = Callirhipis tonkinea var. diversa Pic, 1926 syn. nov.; Celadonia hoodii (Saunders, 1834) = Callirhipis laportei var. notaticollis Pic, 1912 syn. nov.; Ennometes cribratus (Waterhouse, 1877) = Simianus cribripennis Fairmaire, 1893 syn. nov.; Ennometes impressiceps Pic, 1922 = Ennometes ruficornis Pic, 1943 syn. nov.; Simianus terminatus Fairmaire, 1887 = Simianus pyrochroides Pic, 1921 syn. nov. = Simianus pyrochroides var. lateniger Pic, 1925 syn. nov. Callirhipis hoodii Saunders, 1834 is designated as the type species of the genus Celadonia Laporte de Castelnau, 1840. Revised and new statuses are here proposed for the following taxa: Callirhipis (Cal- lirhipis) impressa Montrouzier, 1857 stat. revalid.; Callirhipis (Callirhipis) samoensis Pic, 1921 stat. revalid.; Ennometes cerrutii (Pic, 1927) stat. revalid.; Ennometes ruficeps Pic, 1926 stat. nov. from Ennometes rouyeri var. ruficeps; Celadonia bocourti Pic, 1927 stat. nov. from Simianides laportei var. Bocourti; Simianus diversicornis Pic, 1925 stat. nov. from Simianus pyrochroides var. diversicornis; Simianus reductus Pic, 1925 stat. nov. from Simianus pyrochroides var. reductus. The new replacement name Callirhipis (Parennometes) pici Hájek, nom. nov. is proposed for Callirhipis costata Pic, 1927, preoccupied by C. costata Waterhouse, 1877. The following new combinations are established: Callirhipis (Ennometidium) impressiceps (Pic, 1922) comb. nov. from Ennometes; Callirhipis (Ennometidium) obscura (Pic, 1927) comb. nov. from Ennometes; Callirhipis (Parennometes) carolinensis Blair, 1940 comb. nov. from Callirhipis s. str.; Callirhipis (subgenus ?) pauloplicatus (Pic, 1943) comb. nov. from Simianus; Celadonia bicolor (Laporte de Castelnau, 1834) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia gounellei (Pic, 1916) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia hoodii (Saunders, 1834) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia laportei nigroimpressa (Pic, 1950) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia luteonotata (Pic, 1907) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia scapularis (Laporte de Castelnau, 1834) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Ennometes incertus (Emden, 1936) comb. nov. from Callirhipis (Parennometes); Ennometes onoi (Blair, 1940) comb. nov. from Callirhipis (Parennom- etes); Ennometes tarsalis (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus basalis (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus bicolor (Fairmaire, 1893) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis; Simianus bituberculatus (Schultze, 1915) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus bituberculatus dilatatus (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus confusus (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus croceosellatus (Fairmaire, 1887) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis; Simianus cyaneicollis (Waterhouse, 1877) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus globicollis (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus incisus (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus laetus (Waterhouse, 1877) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus latepunctatus (Pic, 1943) comb. nov. from Ennometes; Simianus maculaticeps (Pic, 1921) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis; Simianus malaccanus (Pic, 1916) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus melanocephalus (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus mesomelaenus (Fairmaire, 1887) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis; Simianus nigripennis (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus nigriventralis (Schultze, 1915) comb. nov. from Simianel-lus; Simianus obscurus (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus obscurus sikkimensis (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus palawanicus (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus pascoei (Waterhouse, 1895) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Simianus ruber (Pic, 1929) comb. nov. from Horatocera; Simianus separatus (Gemminger, 1869) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Simianus thoracicus (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus ustus (Fairmaire, 1887) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: Callirhipis angustata Pic, 1943; Callirhipis armitagei Pic, 1916; Callirhipis aureoscutata Pic, 1938; Callirrhipis cribrata Waterhouse, 1877; Callirhipis hoodii Saunders, 1834; Callirhipis (Helleriola) henrikseni Emden, 1934; Callirhipis javanica Laporte de Castelnau, 1834; Callirhipis lineata Waterhouse, 1877; Callirhipis orientalis Laporte de Castelnau, 1834; Callirhipis ruficollis Pic, 1943; Callirrhipis sirambeus Pic, 1921; Callirhipis suturalis Waterhouse, 1877; Callirhipis tonkinea Pic, 1907; Callirhipis tonkinea var. diversa Pic, 1926; Ennometes impressiceps Pic, 1922; Ennometes ruficornis Pic, 1943; Simianus pyrochroides Pic, 1921 and Simianus pyrochroides var. lateniger Pic, 1925.

Nomenclatural comments on and corrections of nomina of some non-marine fossil gastropods

Bionomina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
DIETRICH KADOLSKY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Nomen Novum ◽  
Fossil Gastropods

Nomenclatural issues pertaining to selected non-marine gastropods of Cretaceous and Tertiary age are discussed and resolved as follows. [1] Viviparus hammeri (Defrance, 1825) is reinstated; Helicites viviparoides Schlotheim, 1820 is a nomen nudum, made available as Paludina viviparoides Bronn, 1848, a new objective synonym. [2] Viviparus frauenfeldi Le Renard, 1994 is a new objective synonym of Viviparus oulchyensis Wenz, 1919. [3] Lorus is proposed as a nomen novum for Liris Conrad, 1871 [nec Fabricius, 1804]. [3] Wesselinghia is proposed as a nomen novum for Longosoma Wesselingh & Kadolsky, 2006 [nec Hartman, 1944]. [4] Hydrobia incerta (Deshayes, 1862) is reinstated; Hydrobia antoni Le Renard, 1994 is a new objective synonym of this nomen. [5] The species Paludina frauenfeldi Hoernes, 1856 is designated as type species of Sarmata B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1920. [6] The misidentified type species of Annulifer Cossmann, 1921, so far known as ‘Paludina protracta sensu Cossmann 1921, non Eichwald, 1850’, is fixed under Article 70.3 of the Code as understood by Cossmann (1921), and renamed Annulifer annulifer new species. [7] Pomatias turgidulus (Sandberger, 1872) is reinstated; P. turonicus Wenz, 1923 and Cyclostoma squamosum Peyrot, 1932 are its new objective synonyms. [8] Valvata inflata Sandberger, 1875 is reinstated; V. gaudryana Wenz, 1928 [nec Mortillet, 1863] is its new objective synonym. [8] Catinella? montana Pierce, new species, originally published as “[Succineidae] montana Pierce, 1992”, is made available by associating the species epithet with a generic nomen. [9] Proalbinaria subantiqua (d’Orbigny, 1850) is reinstated; its senior synonym Pupa antiqua Matheron, 1832 is a primary junior homonym of Pupa muscorum antiqua Eichwald, 1830. [10] The type species of Palaeostoa Andreae, 1884 is Pupa fontenayi Sandberger, 1871 by subsequent designation by Cossmann (1905), which has precedence over the designation of Clausilia crenata Sandberger, 1871 by Wenz (1923). [11] Palaeostoa elongata (Melleville, 1843), whose original combination was Pupa elongata, is a primary junior homonym of Pupa elongata Bouillet, 1836, an unused name for an unidentified nominal species; pending more information on the taxon at stake, maintenance of the existing usage is recommended. [12] Scalaxis columnella (Deshayes, 1863) is reinstated, with Scalaxis sinister Wenz, 1923 as its new synonym. [13] Eurystrophe olla (Serres, 1844) is reinstated, with Helix janthinoides Noulet, 1868 [nec Helix janthinoides Serres, 1829, a nomen nudum] as its new synonym.

Phylogenetic relationships within Nereididae (Annelida : Phyllodocida)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinthya S. G. Santos ◽  
Fredrik Pleijel ◽  
Paulo Lana ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Good Support

Nereididae Johnston, 1865, part of the large clade Phyllodocida, is one of the best-known annelid groups. Presently, there are some 500 nominal species grouped into 42 genera, although there is little consensus among different authors as to how they should be classified. The relationships of nereidids were assessed in a morphology-based parsimony analysis of 41 terminal taxa, with members of Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae used as outgroups. Type species for the majority of currently recognised nereidid genera were used as terminal taxa, and character information was based on examination of type and non-type specimens, together with literature descriptions. High degrees of homoplasy were found for several features that are traditionally applied to delineate subgroups of Nereididae, including the presence of paragnaths and the distribution of different kinds of chaetae. Six major groups were recovered: Namanereidinae, including Namalycastis and Namanereis, characterised by spherical shape of palpostyles and ventrally displaced notoaciculae; one clade corresponding in part to previous authors concepts of Nereidinae, including Nereis, Eunereis, Hediste and Platynereis (the relationships of several well known nereidids, such as Neanthes and Perinereis, commonly referred to Nereidinae, could not be unambiguously resolved); one unnamed and not previously recognised clade (A), including Australonereis, Laeonereis, Dendronereides and Olganereis, characterised by the presence of papillae on the maxillary ring; a second unnamed clade (B), including Leptonereis, Sinonereis, Tylonereis and Tylorrhynchus, characterised by enlarged notopodial ligulae; a well supported Gymnonereidinae, restricted to Ceratocephale, Gymnonereis, Tambalagamia and Micronereides; and a third unnamed clade (C), including Ceratonereis, Solomononereis, Unanereis, Cheilonereis and Websterinereis, characterised by unilobated neuropodial postchaetal lobes. Among these groups we found good support for the Namanereidinae, the Gymnonereidinae and for the whole of Nereididae. The subfamilies Dendronereidinae and Notophycinae (based on Micronereis, senior synonym of Notophycus) are regarded here as monotypic.

The caudal appendix as an important character to identify various species in the genus Stenalpheops (Decapoda, Alpheidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (13) ◽  
pp. 1615-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Zhongli Sha
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Large Male ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Growth Series ◽  
Important Character ◽  
The China Seas

The nominal genera Chelomalpheus Kim, 1998 and Cavipelta Hayashi, 1998 were treated as synonyms of Stenalpheops Miya, 1997 in the paper by Anker et al. (2001). Therefore, the type species of those genera (Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 and Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998, respectively) were synonymized with S. anacanthus Miya, 1997. Actually, those authors ignored that the morphological characters of the three species mentioned above show differences. For instance, all type specimens of Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 are without a caudal appendix; the large male specimens of Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998 have an abnormal shaped chela, which corresponds with the middle stage in a growth series of another nominal species, i.e., S. anacanthus. The opportunity to study abundant specimens from the China seas established that the type specimens of S. anacanthus Miya, 1997 are in fact composed of two species, and the same was found for the type specimens of Cavipelta yamashitai Hayashi, 1998; in addition, Chelomalpheus koreanus Kim, 1998 was found to be a valid species and is transferred to Stenalpheops; and S. crangonus (Anker, Jeng & Chan, 2001) is herein synonymized with S. anacanthus Miya, 1997, which name has priority, and this valid species is now re-described herein.

A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Ancylometes Bertkau (Araneae: Pisauridae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Höfer ◽  
Antonio D. Brescovit
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lateral Plates

AbstractThe spider genus Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 is revised. A. vulpes Bertkau, 1880, type species of the genus, is considered a junior subjective synonym of Dolomedes concolor Perty, 1833. Both types are lost and we redescribe the species based on specimens similar to those found at the type locality of A. vulpes. Spiders of the genus are large nocturnal ground-living hunting spiders with a strong affinity in most species, to water bodies within their tropical environment. Those species hunt also on small vertebrates like frogs, tadpoles and fishes. All species show slight sexual dimorphism in colour and body-to-leg-size relations. Females carry brown egg-sacs in chelicerae and build a nursery web. The genus is morphologically diagnosed by the presence of ventral spines on tarsi III and IV in both sexes and by their genital characters: filiform embolus with a basal membranous lobe, wing-like conductor and hammer-like median apophysis in males; female epigyne consisting of two broad lateral plates and a central plate in form of a bike saddle with its nose pointing posteriorly. Ten valid species are recognized and described, five of them are new: Ancylometes japura, A. jau, A. riparius from Amazonas, A. terrenus from Acre, Amazonas and Mato Grosso and A. pantanal from Matto Grosso do Sul, all from Brazil. The female of A. amazonicus is described for the first time and the female of A. hewitsoni for the first time based on an adult specimen. Ancylometes vulpes Bertkau, Ctenus argentinus Holmberg, Ancylometes bolivianus Tullgren, Lycoctenus bahiensis Strand, Lycoctenus selenkae Strand, Lycoctenus paraguayensis Strand, Cupiennius argentinus Petrunkevitch, Ctenus paulensis Mello-Leitão, Cupiennius diplocellatus Mello-Leitão, Ctenus originalis Mello-Leitão, Ctenus iophorus Mello-Leitão, Corinoctenus anomalostomus Mello-Leitão, Ctenus infelix (Mello-Leitão, Ctenus metatarsalis Mello-Leitão, Phoneutria niveobarbata Mello-Leitão and Corinoctenus greenwayi Carcavallo & Martinez are newly synonymized with A. concolor (Perty). Ctenus fuscus Walckenaer, Ctenus giganteus Taczanowski, Ctenus bimaculatus Taczanowski, Leptoctenus tenkatei Hasselt, Lycoctenus brunneus Pickard-Cambridge, Lycoctenus gigas Pickard-Cambridge, Lycoctenus demerarensis Pickard-Cambridge, Lycoctenus saraensis Strand, Lycoctenus paraensis Strand, Ancylometes pindareensis Mello-Leitão, Ancylometes pindareannus Mello-Leitão, Ctenus juruensis Mello-Leitão, Ctenus striolatus Mello-Leitão, Ctenus xerophilus Mello-Leitão and Lycoctenus titanus Caporiacco are newly synonymized with A. rufus (Walckenaer). Lycoctenus palustris Pickard-Cambridge, Ancylometes orinocensis Simon, Lycoctenus venezuelensis Strand, Lycoctenus caracasensis Strand and Ctenus nasutus Kraus are newly synonymized with A. bogotensis (Keyserling). A. valentinei Petrunkevitch, 1925 from Panama is a Cupiennius (new combination) and considered a senior synonym of C. panamensis Lachmuth et al., 1985. The geographical distribution is Neotropical, with one northern widespread species (A. bogotensis) reaching Central America, one widespread species of the Amazon reaching the São Paulo coastal area and one widespread species of central Brazil reaching Argentina. From the Amazon region six rarely collected species are described and one species was recently collected in the Pantanal of Brazil.

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