Underwater Photogrammetry as an Environmental Assessment Tool to Monitor Coral Reefs and Artificial Structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahamadaly Vincent ◽  
Urbina Bareto Isabel ◽  
Fréchon Louis ◽  
Pinel Romain ◽  
Garnier Rémi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Artificial Structures ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract Over the past decade, photogrammetry has grown considerably thanks to technical advances in digital cameras and computing performance. Popular in terrestrial applications with the development of UAV acquisition, photogrammetry provides access to accurate scene reconstruction, high-resolution measurements, and temporal comparisons with a wide range of geolocated and scaled 2D and 3D supports. Nowadays, photogrammetry represents a particular challenge in the underwater field such as environmental monitoring, marine construction, technical inspection, and archaeology. Our study aims to develop underwater acquisition protocols and new tools for marine resources surveys and management to understand the role of 3D characteristics in both coral reefs and artificial structures. Two specific protocols were designed and optimized to reconstruct from coral colonies to coral reefs and artificial structures (up to 500m²) with a mean resolution of 0.05cm/pixel. Here several quantitative descriptors based on 2D and 3D metrics (such as slope, length, surface, volume, rugosity) were calculated for morphological studies and temporal comparisons. The photogrammetric technique now offers higher quality and accuracy tools compared to traditional survey methods. These advantages make possible to access to new scientific surveys of underwater ecosystems and as environmental management tools may prove to be valuable for future.

Key directions and methodological features of modern studies of land use changes

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Pavlo Kazmir ◽  
Lyubomyr Kazmir
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Land Change Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Planning Methodology

Interest in land-use changes (LUC) research has been growing rapidly in recent years. This topic has already become the subject of a separate scientific discipline – land use science (or land change science). In order to formulate relevant future policy and develop appropriate land-use management tools, it is crucial to know how the LUC шьзфсе the environment and society condition. For Ukraine, where the structure of land use and the system of land resources management have significantly changed during the years of post-socialist transformation of land relations, the study of the LUC on a modern methodological basis is especially actual. The paper, based on a critical analysis of publications in leading international journals over the last thirty years, identifies key directions of LUC studies and analyzes their methodological features. There is a significant increase of the number of works based on the results of meta-studies and the use of a wide range of methods for modeling the LUC processes, their causes and possible consequences. The great "synergistic potential" of integration of the selected directions is noted, which makes it possible to accelerate the development of the general theory of land use and increase its use efficiency in substantiation of management decisions in the sphere of land use and modernization of the mechanisms of state land, spatial and ecological policies with consideration of existing and potential globalizing challenges. In this context, the key role of the land use integrated planning methodology at regional and local levels is emphasized. This methodology would require close cooperation between government, business and the public in developing a common vision for the implementation of specific land use plans and projects based on the principles of subsidiarity, participativity and shared responsibility.

Constructing New Product Development for the DC Cooling Fan Industry: ISO/TS16949 Procedures

2013 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 392-395
Author(s):  
Tzu Chuan Chou ◽  
Sheng Hsiung Wu ◽  
Ming Hung Shu
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
New Product ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Sales And Marketing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cooling Fans ◽  
Customer Services

Applications of DC cooling fans in auto electronics cover a wide range of areas. Since they all need to meet the requirement of the clients in providing customized products, many product combinations have been developed. In the past, when DC cooling fans manufacturers have not implemented the requirements of TS16949 and the core tools, their developmental process could only meet the spirit of process-orientation suggested by ISO9001. There was an obvious deficiency in terms of the quality management tools during the development and manufacturing processes, as well as the development information that should be produced; therefore, they were unable to meet the requirements of TS16949. This study constructs a new product development (NPD) procedure through the application of the five core tools that meets the requirements of TS16949, and satisfies the characteristics of the DC cooling fans industry. With this process, the Taiwanese DC cooling fans industry can effectively control the entire production process, from sales and marketing, R&D, manufacturing, to customer services. Moreover, the manufacturers could not only elevate their ability to self-manage, but also meet the requirements and gain market shares in the international automobile supply chain.

BIODIVERSITI DAN PEMULIHARAAN TERUMBU KARANG DI TIGA BUAH PULAU, MELAKA (Biodiversity and Conservation of Coral Reefs in Three Islands in Malacca)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-197
Author(s):  
SYAIMAK ISMAIL ◽  
MOHAMAD SAUPI BIN ISMAIL ◽  
MUHAMMAD SAIFUL ISLAM ISMAIL ◽  
AEMY AZIZ
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Museum

In the state of Melaka, there are eighteen islands recorded by the Melaka State Museum Corporation (PERZIM). Part of this island serves as a tourist island, and developed islands are also uninhabited islands. However, three islands are recorded to have amazing coral reefs that are still in good condition. The Penang Batu Maung Fisheries Research Institute (AkuaTAR) has conducted a study on the biodiversity of coral reefs around the waters of Pulau Dodol, Pulau Serimbun, and Pulau Undan. AkuaTAR researchers are using scuba diving methods, and at the same time, they did conservation on coral reefs that have been identified in the waters of the Straits of Melaka. The objective of this study is to record the types of community forms such as living corals and identify the species of coral reefs found in three islands in the state of Melaka in Pulau Undan, Pulau Dodol, and Pulau Serimbun. The study also implemented method observation by conducting field studies on the islands involved by doing scuba diving. Results and discussion of the search, these three islands are located in very clean, uninhabited waters. They have a wide range of coral biodiversity using soft coral reefs and hard coral reefs. The study also found that the three islands in the state have the largest coral reefs in the waters of the Straits of Melaka. Keywords: Biodiversity; Conservation; Coral; Three island; Melaka

A review of the Afrotropical sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi: a complex species.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (036) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Albertha Charles
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Ornithodoros Savignyi ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi (Audouin, 1827), is an economically important soft tick of the Afrotropics parasitising a wide range of livestock and humans. These ticks are known to inflict painful bites which may be fatal in susceptible hosts. Historically thought to be a single species, Ornithodoros savignyi is now considered to be a complex of four tick subspecies based on molecular and morphological studies. They include Ornithodoros (Ornithodoros) kalahariensis, O. (O.) pavimentosus, O. (O.) noorsveldensis and O. (O.) savignyi. As such there may be significant implications for previous biological studies conducted on this tick. Therefore, for the purposes of this review, sand tampan toxicosis and potentially useful biological molecules have been discussed for O. (O.) savignyi sensu lato since most reported work was based on ticks collected from the Kalahari and Lake Chad region. An overview of the host range and vector biology for the O. (O.) savignyi species complex will also be examined.

A Comprehensive Assessment Tool for Patient Registry Software Systems: The CIPROS Checklist

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (05) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Mansmann ◽  
D. Lindoerfer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Patient Registry ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Software System ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Patient Registries ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryBackground: Patient registries are an important instrument in medical research. Often their structure is complex and their implementation uses composite software systems to meet the wide spectrum of challenges.Objectives: For the implementation of a registry, there is a wide range of commercial, open source, and self-developed systems available and a minimal standard for the critical appraisal of their architecture is needed.Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature to define a catalogue of relevant criteria to construct a minimal appraisal standard.Results: The CIPROS list is developed based on 64 papers which were found by our systematic review. The list covers twelve sections and contains 72 items.Conclusions: The CIPROS list supports developers to assess requirements on existing systems and strengthens the reporting of patient registry software system descriptions. It can be a first step to create standards for patient registry software system assessments.

scholarly journals Are GPCRs Still a Source of New Targets?

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 947-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Peptide Family ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Receptor Pharmacology ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Allosteric Mechanisms ◽  
G Protein Coupled

G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) still offer enormous scope for new therapeutic targets. Currently marketed agents are dominated by those with activity at aminergic receptors and yet they account for only ~10% of the family. Progress up until now with other subfamilies, notably orphans, Family A/peptide, Family A/lipid, Family B, Family C, and Family F, has been, at best, patchy. This may be attributable to the heterogeneous nature of GPCRs, their endogenous ligands, and consequently their binding sites. Our appreciation of receptor similarity has arguably been too simplistic, and screening collections have not necessarily been well suited to identifying leads in new areas. Despite the relative shortage of high-quality tool molecules in a number of cases, there is an emerging, and increasingly substantial, body of evidence associating many as yet “undrugged” receptors with a very wide range of diseases. Significant advances in our understanding of receptor pharmacology and technical advances in screening, protein X-ray crystallography, and ligand design methods are paving the way for new successes in the area. Exploitation of allosteric mechanisms; alternative signaling pathways such as G12/13, Gβγ, and β-arrestin; the discovery of “biased” ligands; and the emergence of GPCR-protein complexes as potential drug targets offer scope for new and much improved drugs.

scholarly journals Modelling Effects of Rainfall Patterns on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion Processes on Slopes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221
Author(s):  
Qihua Ran ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Jihui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Slope ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Rainfall patterns and landform characteristics are controlling factors in runoff and soil erosion processes. At a hillslope scale, there is still a lack of understanding of how rainfall temporal patterns affect these processes, especially on slopes with a wide range of gradients and length scales. Using a physically-based distributed hydrological model (InHM), these processes under different rainfall temporal patterns were simulated to illustrate this issue. Five rainfall patterns (constant, increasing, decreasing, rising-falling and falling-rising) were applied to slopes, whose gradients range from 5° to 40° and projective slope lengths range from 25 m to 200 m. The rising-falling rainfall generally had the largest total runoff and soil erosion amount; while the constant rainfall had the lowest ones when the projective slope length was less than 100 m. The critical slope of total runoff was 15°, which was independent of rainfall pattern and slope length. However, the critical slope of soil erosion amount decreased from 35° to 25° with increasing projective slope length. The increasing rainfall had the highest peak discharge and erosion rate just at the end of the peak rainfall intensity. The peak value discharges and erosion rates of decreasing and rising-falling rainfalls were several minutes later than the peak rainfall intensity.

scholarly journals Moving to 3D: relationships between coral planar area, surface area and volume

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny E House ◽  
Luc M Bidaut ◽  
Alec P Christie ◽  
Oscar Pizarro ◽  
Maria Dornelas
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Reef Corals ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Planar Area ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Area And Volume

Coral reefs are a valuable and vulnerable marine ecosystem. The structure of coral reefs influences their health and ability to fulfill ecosystem functions and services. However, monitoring reef corals largely relies on 1D or 2D estimates of coral cover and abundance that overlook change in ecologically significant aspects of the reefs because they do not incorporate vertical or volumetric information. This study explores the relationship between 2D and 3D metrics of coral size. We show that surface area and volume scale consistently with planar area, albeit with morphotype specific conversion parameters. We use a photogrammetric approach using open-source software to estimate the ability of photogrammetry to provide measurement estimates of corals in 3D. Technological developments have made photogrammetry a valid and practical technique for studying coral reefs. We anticipate that these techniques for moving coral research from 2D into 3D will facilitate answering ecological questions by incorporating the 3rd dimension into monitoring.

scholarly journals Assessing Urban Quality of Life: Developing the Criteria for Saudi Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Al-Qawasmi ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Omar S. Asfour ◽  
Adel S. Aldosary
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Urban Quality Of Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Urban Quality

Urban quality of life (QOL) is a complex and multidimensional concept. A wide range of urban QOL assessment tools has been developed worldwide to measure and monitor the quality of urban life taking into account the particular conditions of cities/regions and the needs of their residents. This study aims to develop an urban QOL assessment tool appropriate for the context of Saudi Arabia (SA). For this purpose, this study developed and used a structured approach that consists of an in-depth analysis of 21 urban QOL assessment tools in use worldwide, combined with focus group analysis and feedback from a panel of experts. The results revealed that there is a lack of consensus among the existing tools regarding the usage of QOL indicators and domains, and that the majority of the tools demonstrate a lack of proper coverage of QOL subdomains. The results also show wide variations in the number of indicators used and that most of the examined tools are using objective measurable indicators. This study has identified 67 indicators distributed across 13 domains that constitute the core criteria of the proposed QOL assessment tool. The selected indicators and domains cover all the attributes of urban QOL and are evaluated by experts as important criteria to assess/measure QOL. Moreover, the results demonstrate the advantage of the developed framework and comprehensive list of criteria (CLC) as a structured and efficient approach to design better QOL assessment tools.

Marine Site Investigations and BS 5930

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Carter ◽  
R. M. Pirie ◽  
M. Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Land Site ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Ground Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Site

AbstractMarine site investigations are reviewed briefly, in terms of suitable drilling platforms and craft for various conditions, requirements for permissions and service locations, marine ground investigation methods and marine survey methods including geophysical profiling.The wide range of marine site investigation methods is illustrated and the appreciable differences from land site investigation methods are noted. It is suggested that BS 5930 does not give sufficient guidance on marine site investigations and that this situation should be rectified.

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