Marine Site Investigations and BS 5930

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Carter ◽  
R. M. Pirie ◽  
M. Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Land Site ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Ground Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Site

AbstractMarine site investigations are reviewed briefly, in terms of suitable drilling platforms and craft for various conditions, requirements for permissions and service locations, marine ground investigation methods and marine survey methods including geophysical profiling.The wide range of marine site investigation methods is illustrated and the appreciable differences from land site investigation methods are noted. It is suggested that BS 5930 does not give sufficient guidance on marine site investigations and that this situation should be rectified.

The extent of building and managing local contents in institutional repositories: a survey of tertiary institution libraries in Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Oberhiri-Orumah ◽  
Ebikabowei Ebikabowei Baro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Colleges Of Education ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Investigation Methods

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of institutional repositories (IR) in tertiary institution libraries in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a survey research method. Online questionnaire and IR site investigation methods were used to collect data from 25 university libraries in Nigeria. Findings The study revealed that only 25 (14.7%) universities out of the 170 universities in Nigeria have successfully developed IRs and registered their presence in OpenDOAR. Other tertiary institutions such as Polytechnics and Colleges of Education investigated in Nigeria are yet to develop IRs. Contents such as theses and dissertations, conference proceedings and journal articles ranked highest being the most popular contents in the various IRs. The results showed that the development of IR saves space in the library, increases readership, increases access to local contents, minimizes damage to the original material, facilitates the dissemination of scholarly research and assists in globalization of Nigerian research findings. The IRs site investigation revealed that only few IRs have clearly defined access policy, content policy, submission policy and digital preservation policy. The study identified challenges such as inadequate facilities, unstable internet connectivity, lack of fund, irregular power supply, challenge of collecting materials for the IR, lack of skilled ICT personnel, copyright issues and absence of IR policies. Practical implications The results from the study will provide important data and insight into the development of institutional repositories in tertiary institution libraries in Nigeria, and generate suggestions for University Librarians, College Librarians, Polytechnic Librarians, tertiary institutions management and policy makers for developing institutional repositories in Nigeria and other developing countries. Originality/value The study investigated IR development in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The findings will inform other tertiary institutions in developing countries that the development of IR provides an opportunity for the visibility of local contents emanating from institutions and make them see the reason to embrace this laudable development.

Toward a generalized guideline to inform optimal site investigations for pile design

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Crisp ◽  
M.B. Jaksa ◽  
Y.L. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Structural Configuration ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Optimal Site

Insufficient or inappropriate soil testing can lead to a range of undesirable consequences, and yet there is no guideline for optimal investigation. This study analyses the influence of test type, number of boreholes, data interpretation, soil conditions, and structural configuration on site investigation performance. In addition to providing general recommendations, the relative sensitivity of these variables on performance is determined. Performance is assessed in terms of total expected project cost while implicitly incorporating the risk of damage from poor investigation. The framework for this study involves the use of randomly generated, variable, single layer virtual soils in a Monte Carlo analysis. It was found that optimal investigations can produce net savings in the order of several hundreds of thousands of Australian dollars, and key features of a future site investigation guideline are identified.

Site Investigations of Potential Repository Sites in Sweden

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wikberg ◽  
Kaj Ahlbom ◽  
Olle Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Nuclear Waste Management ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
The Public ◽  
Site Investigations

ABSTRACTThe Swedish nuclear waste management programme has entered the site investigation phase. Early 2002 SKB received permission from the municipalities of Östhammar and Oskarshamn to perform site investigations for a potential deep geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel. The goal of the site investigation phase is to obtain a permit to build the deep repository for spent nuclear fuel. In parallel with the investigations, consultations will be held with county administrative boards, regulatory authorities and municipalities, as well as with members of the public.

Extended multivariate approach for uncertainty reduction in the assessment of undrained shear strength in clays

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Müller ◽  
Stefan Larsson ◽  
Johan Spross
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Undrained Shear Strength ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Strength Formula ◽  
A Site ◽  
Undrained Shear

Important features of the multivariate approach are discussed, and an extension to this approach is proposed whereby the total uncertainty in site investigation methods due to spatial averaging is assessed prior to its adoption. Results from a site investigation of spatially averaged values of undrained shear strength ([Formula: see text]) and the corresponding coefficient of variation ([Formula: see text]) in Veda sulphide clay were used as a practical illustration of the extended multivariate approach and provide a basis for discussion. The inherent variability and scales of fluctuation for different methods are presented. The study shows the usefulness of the extended multivariate approach for the evaluation of representative values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] based on results from different methods. It is also a way of implicitly reducing the transformation errors that arise when a property is derived from measurement results. Nevertheless, considerable care must be taken as a much lower COV for one method will have a significant impact on the results.

Deciphering orogenic and post-orogenic fluid-assisted deformations by coupling structural, mineralogical, geochemical, and geochronological investigation methods. An example from Zannone Island, Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Curzi ◽  
Andrea Billi ◽  
Eugenio Carminati ◽  
Richard Albert ◽  
Luca Aldega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profile ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks

<p>Zannone is a very important island, located in the Neogene-Quaternary extensional domain of the Tyrrhenian back-arc basin, as it is the unique spot where the Paleozoic (?) crystalline basement is hypotesized to be exposed in central Apennines. The exposure of such hypothetical basement in the Zannone Island is very problematic as it implies very large normal displacements (> 3 km) along surrounding faults. No such displacements are known along faults close to Zannone Island.</p><p>In this work, we study the hypothetical Paleozoic crystalline basement exposed in the Zannone Island with the main aim of understanding its geological nature and relationships with the surrounding rocks. We use a multidisciplinary approach including 1) interpretation of seismic reflection profile; 2) field survey; 3) petro-textural observations; 4) microthermometry on fluid inclusions; 5) geochemical analyses of stable and clumped isotopes; 6) Illite crystallinity and mineralogical analyses of clays and host rocks; 7) analyses of minor gaseous species (He, Ne, and Ar concentrations and isotope ratios) in fluid inclusions; 8) U-Pb geochronology of syn-tectonic calcite, and 9) K-Ar dating of syn-kinematic clay minerals.</p><p>Our results show that the hypothetical Paleozoic (?) crystalline basement exposed on the Zannone Island is, instead, represented by siliciclastic rocks of very low metamorphic grade. This is testified by the quartzarenites nature of the rocks, the presence of chloritoid and by the observed incipient foliation marked by fine-grained white micas and disposed parallel to the bedding. The contact between such siliciclastic rocks and the overlapping Triassic Dolostone is represented by a low-angle thrust cut by sets of high-angle normal faults with associated calcite mineralizations. K-Ar dating on clay minerals in fault gouge reveals that at least one event of authigenesis (i.e. fluid-assisted tectonic activity) occurred in Zannone Island <22 Ma ago. U-Pb dating on sin-tectonic calcite mineralizations allowed to constrain the compressional deformation and subsequent normal faulting in the study area at around 7 Ma. This result is consistent with the 1) described emplacement of imbricate thrust sheets onshore close to Zannone Island and 2) syn-tectonic sediments-filling basins observed by seismic reflection studies. Microthermometry on fluid inclusions and stable isotopes analyses on syn-tectonic mineralizations highlighted the involvement of two different fluids during tectonic processes. One characterized by low salinity (as NaCl equivalent; i.e. meteoric-derived fluids) and one by high salinity (as NaCl equivalent; i.e. deep crustal-derived fluids). Microthermometry on fluid inclusions allowed to constrain a wide range of P-T entrapment conditions. For this reason, we highlighted a transition from lithostatic toward hydrostatic pressure during precipitation of syn-tectonic mineralizations.</p>

Correlations among some clay parameters — the multivariate distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianye Ching ◽  
Kok-Kwang Phoon
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multivariate Probability ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Multivariate Probability Distribution

This paper constructs a 10-dimensional multivariate probability distribution covering 10 clay parameters. The parameters are the liquid limit, plasticity index (PI), liquidity index, effective vertical stress, undrained shear strength, sensitivity, and three piezocone test parameters. A CLAY/10/7490 database is compiled in a companion paper for this purpose. The database consists of 7490 data points from 251 studies. The number of data points associated with each study varies from 1 to 419 with an average 30 data points per study. The clay properties cover a wide range of overconsolidation ratios (but mostly 1∼10), a wide range of sensitivity (St) (sites with St = 1∼tens or hundreds are fairly typical), and a wide range of PI (but mostly 8∼100). The constructed multivariate probability distribution can be used as a prior distribution to derive the joint distribution of design parameters based on limited but site-specific field data. Note that the entire joint distribution of the 10 clay parameters is derived, not marginal distributions or simply means and coefficients of variation. These multiple design parameters can be updated from multiple field measurements, which is more useful than updating one design parameter using one field measurement that is typical in current practice. This paper also demonstrates that it is practical to build multivariate probability models by combining available bivariate models, which are prevalent in the geotechnical engineering correlation literature. The proposed approach circumvents the need to collect multivariate data, which are rarely found in typical site investigation programs.

The Use of Tracer Techniques to Assess Groundwater Flows in Site Investigations

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
H. J. Siddle ◽  
D. B. Jones ◽  
C. D. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Groundwater Tracers

AbstractProcedures of site investigation included in BS 5930:1981 concentrate on obtaining information on ground conditions near proposed structures. Groundwater flow paths, however, are often influenced by hydrogeological conditions well beyond the area and tracer tests have been found a useful addition to investigations.Different types of groundwater tracers are described and their uses in establishing groundwater flow paths and other hydrogeological characteristics of some regimes are outlined. Precautions are always necessary when using tracers, however, and these are especially stringent with radioactive tracers. The paper shows how groundwater tracers were employed in investigations of landslips, waste disposal studies and other investigations with which the authors have been involved.The paper concludes that the specification of standard procedures for tracer tests is probably not appropriate but reference to the techniques available would be useful in promoting their application.

The Effective Application of Electrical Conductivity Techniques in Site Investigations for Civil Engineers

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Penn
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Overburden Thickness ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
Small Sites

AbstractThe application of electrical conductivity techniques to site investigation has proved to be a rapid, cost effective method for the location and mapping of shallow mine workings in different rock types; faults, clay pockets and the variation in overburden thickness. Non-contacting terrain conductivity meters have a rapid response and are direct reading; therefore large areas can be investigated quickly, and in contrast to some other geophysical techniques conductivity surveys may be undertaken on small sites.On sites where there is a contrast in electrical conductivity between the ‘disturbed’ and ‘undisturbed’ ground this technique provides high quality information which can be used, to financial advantage, in the design of target drilling or pitting programmes. The combination of conductivity surveys and target drilling has facilitated the completion of full site investigations within limited budgets.

Sample Disturbance in Soft Alluvial Clyde Estuary Clay

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A McGown ◽  
L. Barden ◽  
S. H. Lee ◽  
P. Wilby
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Sample Disturbance ◽  
Area Standard ◽  
Scanning Electron

The alluvium of the Clyde Estuary provides the foundation material for a number of medium rise developments in the Glasgow area. Standard site investigation and testing techniques often result in an expensive foundation design involving piling. A more sophisticated investigation conducted at Laurieston, has afforded a chance to compare the disturbance due to different qualities of sampling. The degree of disturbance to macro- and microstructure has been assessed using standard photographic techniques and a scanning electron microscope. The effect of disturbance on shear strength has been measured using hand vane and triaxial tests; and on consolidation and compression parameters using Rowe cells of different sizes. On the basis of the standard and the improved site investigations two foundation designs have been prepared and their cost compared.

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