Economic Analysis of the Production of Amylases and Other Hydrolases by Aspergillus awamori in Solid-State Fermentation of Babassu Cake

Amylases are one of the most important industrial enzymes produced worldwide, with their major application being in ethanol manufacturing. This work investigated the production of amylases by solid-state fermentation of babassu cake, using the filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori IOC-3914. Lab-scale experiments were carried out to generate input data for simulations of an industrial plant for amylase production. Additionally to the target enzymes, other hydrolases (cellulases, xylanases, and proteases) were also produced, enriching the final product. The most suitable fermentation time was 144 hours, when exoamylase and endoamylase activities of 40.5 and 42.7 U g−1 were achieved, respectively. A first evaluation showed a large impact of the inoculum propagation medium on production costs. Therefore, five propagation media were compared, and PDA medium presented the best cost-benefit ratio. The credits obtained from sales of fermented cake as a coproduct enabled a significant decrease in the production cost of the enzyme product, down to 10.40 USD kg−1.

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Multiresponse Optimization of Inoculum Conditions for the Production of Amylases and Proteases by Aspergillus awamori in Solid-State Fermentation of Babassu Cake

Enzyme Research ◽

10.4061/2011/457392 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aline Machado de Castro ◽

Mariana Martins Pereira Teixeira ◽

Daniele Fernandes Carvalho ◽

Denise Maria Guimarães Freire ◽

Leda dos Reis Castilho

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Desirability Function ◽

Aspergillus Awamori ◽

Inoculum Concentration ◽

Simultaneous Production ◽

Inoculum Age ◽

Multiresponse Optimization ◽

Propagation Medium ◽

Babassu Cake

This work aimed at investigating the simultaneous production of amylases and proteases by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of babassu cake using Aspergillus awamori IOC-3914. By means of experimental design techniques and the desirability function, optimum inoculum conditions (C/N ratio of propagation medium, inoculum age, and concentration of inoculum added to SSF medium) for the production of both groups of enzymes were found to be 25.8, 28.4 h, and 9.1 mg g−1, respectively. Significant influence of both initial C/N ratio and inoculum concentration was observed. Optimum amylolytic activities predicted by this multiresponse analysis were validated by independent experiments, thus indicating the efficacy of this approach.

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Solid-State Fermentation in Brewer’s Spent Grains by Fusarium fujikuroi for Gibberellic Acid Production

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac115.1304213052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 13042-13052

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Production Costs ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽

New Production ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Spent Grains ◽

Biotechnological Processes

The search for new production methodologies of gibberellic acid (GA3), such as solid-state fermentation (SSF), and the use of agro-industrial waste are important to lower production costs. Therefore, the aim of this study was GA3 production by Fusarium fujikuroi on SSF mode using brewer’s spent grains (BSG). BSG presents in its composition components that are known to be excellent inducers of metabolite production, showing, this way, its potential to be used as the substrate in biotechnological processes. Optimization of GA3 production was carried out using a 22 central composite design, considering the effects of moisture content, temperature, and fermentation time. The highest mycelial growth and GA3 production (0.82 g.Kg-1) was obtained in the condition of 80% moisture content, 28 °C in 96 hours of fermentation. These results suggest that the SSF using BSG as the medium for the growth of F. fujikuroi is a viable way to GA3 produce.

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Lovastatin Production byAspergillus terreusUsing Agro-Biomass as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2012/196264 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽

Juan Boo Liang ◽

Yin Wan Ho ◽

Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽

Yong Meng Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Maximum Production ◽

Additional Nitrogen

Ability of two strains ofAspergillus terreus(ATCC 74135 and ATCC 20542) for production of lovastatin in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw (RS) and oil palm frond (OPF) was investigated. Results showed that RS is a better substrate for production of lovastatin in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin has been obtained usingA. terreusATCC 74135 and RS as substrate without additional nitrogen source (157.07 mg/kg dry matter (DM)). Although additional nitrogen source has no benefit effect on enhancing the lovastatin production using RS substrate, it improved the lovastatin production using OPF with maximum production of 70.17 and 63.76 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 andA. terreusATCC 74135, respectively (soybean meal as nitrogen source). Incubation temperature, moisture content, and particle size had shown significant effect on lovastatin production (P<0.01) and inoculums size and pH had no significant effect on lovastatin production (P>0.05). Results also have shown that pH 6, 25°C incubation temperature, 1.4 to 2 mm particle size, 50% initial moisture content, and 8 days fermentation time are the best conditions for lovastatin production in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin using optimized condition was 175.85 and 260.85 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 and ATCC 74135, respectively, using RS as substrate.

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PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND RHIZOPUS SP. BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF PRICKLY PEAR

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n126rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 222-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

TAMIRES CARVALHO DOS SANTOS ◽

GEORGE ABREU FILHO ◽

AILA RIANY DE BRITO ◽

AURELIANO JOSÉ VIEIRA PIRES ◽

RENATA CRISTINA FERREIRA BONOMO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Water Activity ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Cellulase Production ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Thermostable Enzymes ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Rhizopus Sp

ABSTRACT: Prickly palm cactus husk was used as a solid-state fermentation support substrate for the production of cellulolytic enzymes using Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of water activity, fermentation time and temperature on endoglucanase and total cellulase production. Response Surface Methodology showed that optimum conditions for endoglucanase production were achieved at after 70.35 h of fermentation at 29.56°C and a water activity of 0.875 for Aspergillus niger and after 68.12 h at 30.41°C for Rhizopus sp. Optimum conditions for total cellulase production were achieved after 74.27 h of fermentation at 31.22°C for Aspergillus niger and after 72.48 h and 27.86°C for Rhizopus sp. Water activity had a significant effect on Aspergillus niger endoglucanase production only. In industrial applications, enzymatic characterization is important for optimizing variables such as temperature and pH. In this study we showed that endoglucanase and total cellulase had a high level of thermostability and pH stability in all the enzymatic extracts. Enzymatic deactivation kinetic experiments indicated that the enzymes remained active after the freezing of the crude extract. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative for the production of thermostable enzymes.

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Enhanced Glucoamylase Production by Aspergillus awamori Using Solid State Fermentation

Biofuels from Food Waste ◽

10.1201/b22318-4 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 69-88

Author(s):

Antoine P. Trzcinski

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Aspergillus Awamori ◽

Glucoamylase Production

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Performance of Fungal Growth Through Integrated Gompertz Model and Respiratory Quotient by Solid State Fermentation in Multi-Layer Squared Tray Solid State Bioreactor with Aeration Strategies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-609415/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Musaalbakri Abdul Manan ◽

Colin Webb

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Respiratory Quotient ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Gompertz Model ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Aspergillus Awamori ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Fungal Activity ◽

On Line

Abstract A newly designed, laboratory-scaled and multi-layer squared tray solid state bioreactor (SSB), was developed and successfully operated in solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions. The bioreactor was divided into eight layers of squared perforated trays. Wheat bran was used as a solid substrate for the growth of Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae. The SSB was equipped with an oxygen (O2)/carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyser and a thermocouple. Continuous on-line monitoring of fungal growth could be performed by indirect methods that measure O2 consumed, production of CO2 and metabolic heat. The advantage of using this method is that there are no tedious and time-consuming sampling processes. The evolution of CO2, which represents an accumulation term, was integrated with time and fitted to the Gompertz model in a log-like equation. The Gompertz model generated values that may be used to stimulate and verify the experimental data. Results strongly suggest that the evolved and accumulated CO2, excellently described fungal growth. Simulated results agreed with experimental results. The respiratory quotient (RQ), which is the ratio of CO2 evolution rate (CER) to O2 uptake rate (OUR), was determined by the gas balance method. CER and OUR confirmed that measurements correlated to fungal activity. Each RQ values can explain the differences of each SFF process carried out. Yet, heat evolved by fungal activity also described fungal growth. The current findings is an excellent pre-liminary experimental work, evidencing that multi-layer squared tray SSB with forced moistened aeration present a promising alternative of instrumented bioreactors for SSF processes.

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Intensification of Fructosyltransferases and Fructo-Oligosaccharides Production in Solid State Fermentation by Aspergillus awamori GHRTS

Indian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s12088-013-0380-5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 337-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Thadikamala Sathish ◽

Reddy Shetty Prakasham

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Aspergillus Awamori

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Optimization of productions of cellulolytic enzymes by Aspergillus niger using residue of mango a substrate

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782011005000145 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2210-2216 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Tamires Carvalho dos Santos ◽

Ingrid Souza Cavalcanti ◽

Renata Cristina Ferreira Bonomo ◽

Nivio Batista Santana ◽

Marcelo Franco

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Water Activity ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Kinetic Activity ◽

Activity Of Enzymes ◽

Activity Variable ◽

Statistical Results

The present paper analyses the effects of water activity (0.88, 0.94 and 0.97) and of fermentation time (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours) on the kinetic activity of enzymes cellulolytic, produced during the solid state fermentation of waste from the improvement of mango, with the aid of fungus species Aspergillus niger. Solid state fermentation was carried out at 35°C inside a bacteriological incubator. The statistical results indicated that the best activity for enzyme CMCase was 7.26U g-1 after 74.51 hours of fermentation, whereas for enzyme FPase was 2.55U g-1 after 98.52 hours, both presenting best results in approximately 0.928 of water activity. Pareto charts have showed that fermentation time has greater effect over the activity of enzyme CMCase, while the water activity variable has greater effect over enzyme FPase activity. During fermentation the fungus synthesized the enzymes without the need of inductors other than mango residue and water.

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