scholarly journals Antibodies Induced by Lipoarabinomannan in Bovines: Characterization and Effects on the Interaction betweenMycobacterium aviumSubsp.paratuberculosisand MacrophagesIn Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Jolly ◽  
Silvia Beatriz Colavecchia ◽  
Bárbara Fernández ◽  
Eloy Fernández ◽  
Silvia Leonor Mundo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Bovine Macrophage

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a major glycolipidic antigen on the mycobacterial envelope. The aim of this study was to characterize the humoral immune response induced by immunization with a LAM extract in bovines and to evaluate the role of the generated antibodies in thein vitroinfection of macrophages withMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP). Sera from fourteen calves immunized with LAM extract or PBS emulsified in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant and from five paratuberculosis-infected bovines were studied. LAM-immunized calves developed specific antibodies with IgG1 as the predominant isotype. Serum immunoglobulins were isolated and their effect was examined in MAP ingestion and viability assays using a bovine macrophage cell line. Our results show that the antibodies generated by LAM immunization significantly increase MAP ingestion and reduce its intracellular viability, suggesting an active role in this model.

scholarly journals Role of Bordetella bronchisepticaFimbriae in Tracheal Colonization and Development of a Humoral Immune Response

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 2024-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Mattoo ◽  
Jeff F. Miller ◽  
Peggy A. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Tissue Culture Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Fimbriae are filamentous, cell surface structures which have been proposed to mediate attachment of Bordetella species to respiratory epithelium. Bordetella bronchiseptica has four known fimbrial genes: fim2, fim3,fimX, and fimA. While these genes are unlinked on the chromosome, their protein products are assembled and secreted by a single apparatus encoded by the fimBCD locus. ThefimBCD locus is embedded within the fha operon, whose genes encode another putative adhesin, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). We have constructed a Fim− B. bronchiseptica strain, RB63, by introducing an in-frame deletion extending from fimB through fimD. Western blot analysis showed that RB63 is unable to synthesize fimbriae but is unaffected for FHA expression. Using this mutant, we assessed the role of fimbriae in pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo in natural animal hosts. Although RB63 was not significantly defective in its ability to adhere to various tissue culture cell lines, including human laryngeal HEp-2 cells, it was considerably altered in its ability to cause respiratory tract infections in rats. The number of ΔfimBCD bacteria recovered from the rat trachea at 10 days postinoculation was significantly decreased compared to that of wild-type B. bronchiseptica and was below the limit of detection at 30 and 60 days postinoculation. The number of bacteria recovered from the nasal cavity and larynx was not significantly different between RB63 and the wild-type strain at any time point. The ability of fimbriae to mediate initial attachment to tracheal tissue was tested in an intratracheal inoculation assay. Significantly fewer RB63 than wild-type bacteria were recovered from the tracheas at 24 h after intratracheal inoculation. These results demonstrate that fimbriae are involved in enhancing the ability of B. bronchiseptica to establish tracheal colonization and are essential for persistent colonization at this site. Interestingly, anti-Bordetella serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were significantly lower in animals infected with RB63 than in animals infected with wild-type B. bronchiseptica at 10 days postinoculation. Even at 30 days postinoculation, RB63-infected animals had lower serum anti-Bordetella antibody titers in general. This disparity in antibody profiles suggests that fimbriae are also important for the induction of a humoral immune response.

scholarly journals The role of hormonal-cytokine interactions in the formation of humoral immune response

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
S. V. Shirshev
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Alpha Interferon ◽  
Type I ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Beta Interferon ◽  
Cytokine Interactions

The functional activity of splenocytes of CBA mice was investigated in a syngeneic transfer system by the level of formation of antibody-producing cells (APC). Splenocytes were preincubated for 1 h in vitro with chorionic gonadotropin and type I recombinant interferons, as well as in hormonal-cytokine combinations. Chorionic gonadotropin in doses 10 and 50 MU/ml depressed APC formation, whereas alpha-interferon (250 MU/ml) stimulated it, and beta-interferon in the same concentration did not influence the level of humoral immune response. Chorionic gonadotropin, if added to splenocyte culture in combination with alpha-interferon, completely lost its immunodepressive properties. However, if together with alpha-interferon in a dose of 10 MU/ml it had a costimulating effect, in contrast to that, in combination with beta-interferon in the tested concentrations it was conducive to only a statistically reliable increase in the number of APC.

Fasciola hepatica — the pilot study of in vitro assessing immune response against native and recombinant antigens of the fluke

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Bąska ◽  
Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak ◽  
Anna Zdziarska ◽  
Katarzyna Wasyl ◽  
Marcin Wiśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Tnf Α

AbstractFasciola hepatica is a liver fluke that infects 2.4 million of people and causes great economical loss in animal production. To date a 100% effective vaccine has not been developed and the disease is controlled by drug therapy. Great efforts are put into development of effective vaccine against parasite what is difficult since Fasciola spp. (like other helmints) during evolutionary process has developed sophisticated and efficient methods to evade immune response. During preliminary experiments it is convenient to use cell lines which are relatively cheap and allow for reproducible comparison of results between laboratories. We stimulated BOMA (bovine monocyte/macrophage cell line) and BOMAC (bovine macrophage cell line) with native or recombinant antigens of Fasciola hepatica and assessed IFN-γ, IL-4 and TNF-α level upon stimulation. We observed diminished secretion of proinflammatory TNF-α in LPS activated BOMA cells stimulated with Excretory/Secretory products of adult fluke (Fh-ES). We also observed greater changes in gene expression in LPS activated BOMA cells than in non activated BOMA cells upon stimulation using Fh-ES. The results show possibility of using cell lines for in vitro research of bovine immune response against liver fluke, although this model still requires validation and further characterization.

Role of Autorosette Forming Cells in Antibody Synthesis in vitro: Suppressive Activity of ARFC in Humoral Immune Response

Immunobiology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Khansari ◽  
M. Petrini ◽  
F. Ambrogii ◽  
P. Goldschmidt-Clermont ◽  
H.H. Fudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Suppressive Activity ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals A bovine macrophage cell line supports bovine herpesvirus-4 persistent infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Donofrio ◽  
Vicky L. van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 4 ◽  
Bovine Macrophage ◽  
Herpesvirus 4

Although bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4), a gammaherpesvirus lacking a clear disease association, has been demonstrated in many tissues during persistent BHV-4 infection, a likely site of virus persistence is in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. To establish an in vitro model of persistent infection potentially useful for examining the molecular mechanisms of BHV-4 persistence/latency, we infected the bovine macrophage cell line BOMAC. Following extensive cell death, surviving cells were found to be persistently infected, maintaining the viral genome over many passages and producing low levels of infectious virus. Although selection was unnecessary for the maintenance of the viral genome, cells persistently infected with recombinant BHV-4 containing a neomycin-resistance gene could be selected with geneticin, thus confirming that persistent BHV-4 infection was compatible with cell survival and replication. Furthermore, persistent BHV-4 infection caused no decrease in the growth rate of BOMAC cells. Sodium butyrate, which reactivates latent gammaherpesviruses in vitro, or dexamethasone, which reactivates latent BHV-4 in vivo, increased viral DNA by 10- to 15-fold in persistently infected BOMAC cells. This suggests that reactivation of latent BHV-4 by dexamethasone in vivo might involve direct action of dexamethasone on latently infected cells.

Role of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis outer proteins (Yops) in murine humoral immune response

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. L. Maia ◽  
L. G. S. Monnazzi ◽  
B. M. M. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals NLRP7 Promotes Choriocarcinoma Growth and Progression through the Establishment of an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2999
Author(s):  
Deborah Reynaud ◽  
Roland Abi Nahed ◽  
Nicolas Lemaitre ◽  
Pierre-Adrien Bolze ◽  
Wael Traboulsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Orthotopic Model ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Maternal Immune Response ◽  
The Impact

The inflammatory gene NLRP7 is the major gene responsible for recurrent complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), an abnormal pregnancy that can develop into gestational choriocarcinoma (CC). However, the role of NLRP7 in the development and immune tolerance of CC has not been investigated. Three approaches were employed to define the role of NLRP7 in CC development: (i) a clinical study that analyzed human placenta and sera collected from women with normal pregnancies, CHM or CC; (ii) an in vitro study that investigated the impact of NLRP7 knockdown on tumor growth and organization; and (iii) an in vivo study that used two CC mouse models, including an orthotopic model. NLRP7 and circulating inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in tumor cells and in CHM and CC. In tumor cells, NLRP7 functions in an inflammasome-independent manner and promoted their proliferation and 3D organization. Gravid mice placentas injected with CC cells invalidated for NLRP7, exhibited higher maternal immune response, developed smaller tumors, and displayed less metastases. Our data characterized the critical role of NLRP7 in CC and provided evidence of its contribution to the development of an immunosuppressive maternal microenvironment that not only downregulates the maternal immune response but also fosters the growth and progression of CC.

scholarly journals Arginase Activity in Eisenia andrei Coelomocytes: Function in the Earthworm Innate Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3687
Author(s):  
Joanna Homa ◽  
Alina Klosowska ◽  
Magdalena Chadzinska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Heavy Metals Ions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Important Marker

Arginase is the manganese metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. In vertebrates, arginase is involved in the immune response, tissue regeneration, and wound healing and is an important marker of alternative anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In invertebrates, data concerning the role of arginase in these processes are very limited. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the changes in arginase activity in the coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei. We studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), heavy metals ions (e.g., Mn2+), parasite infection, wound healing, and short-term fasting (5 days) on arginase activity. For the first time in earthworms, we described arginase activity in the coelomocytes and found that it can be up-regulated upon in vitro stimulation with LPS and H2O2 and in the presence of Mn2+ ions. Moreover, arginase activity was also up-regulated in animals in vivo infected with nematodes or experiencing segment amputation, but not in fasting earthworms. Furthermore, we confirmed that the activity of coelomocyte arginase can be suppressed by l-norvaline. Our studies strongly suggest that similarly to the vertebrates, also in the earthworms, coelomocyte arginase is an important element of the immune response and wound healing processes.

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