scholarly journals Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

10.4081/843 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
AM Mazzone ◽  
M Aita ◽  
F Gabrielli ◽  
E Moriconi ◽  
D De Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Lymphatic Organs

The Bursa of Fabricius of 15 day, 1-, 3-, and 6 month-old adult chickens (White Leghorn strain) were studied by histological and histochemical staining, histoenzymatic reactions (LDH, SDH, a-GPDH, NAD, NADPH, Ca++-dependent ATP-ase, pH 8.5) and by anti-thymostimulin immunoreaction. Positive reactions for mucopolysaccharides and enzymatic activities were located in the epithelia of the follicles, i.e. in follicleassociated- epithelium (FAE), inter-follicle-epithelium (IFE) and in different epithelial compartments of cortical and medullary zones. Positive reaction for thymostimulin-like (TSlike) substance was restricted to FAE cells and weakly to the basal lamina of IFE. In 6-month-old chickens, the FAE cells disappeared; the phenomenon of bursal regression was evident, although not all the follicles were involved. In the few still normal follicles, the good reactivity to the enzymes tested suggests that residual physiological activity is still present, even if reduced.

scholarly journals Anatomical and histochemical aspects of zigotic embryo and leaves in 'Coqueiro Anão'

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-872
Author(s):  
Marlucia Cruz de Santana ◽  
Margarete Magalhães Souza ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Sílvio Lopes Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Acidic Compounds ◽  
Insoluble Polysaccharides

The paper provides information about histochemical staining reactions in leaves and embryos of 'Coqueiro Anão' (Cocos nucifera). It was compared in vitro coconut and autotrophic palm leaves. Reactions for insoluble polysaccharides and acidic compounds, protein, extractable lipids, lignin and other classes of compounds were tested using histochemical tests. None sample gave positive reaction for lignin and phenolic compounds. All the samples gave positive reaction for protein, starch and insoluble polysaccharides while acidic compounds were positive only in in vitro leaves. Both in vitro and autotrophic leaves gave positive reaction for lipids showing presence of cuticle even in in vitro leaves. Only autotrophic palm leaves showed idioblasts containing calcium oxalate crystals.

scholarly journals Subchronic Acephate Exposure Induces Immunotoxicity in White Leghorn Cockerels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamantak Tripathi ◽  
Prem Govindappa ◽  
Megha Bedekar ◽  
Yash Sahni ◽  
B. Sarkhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Con A ◽  
Live Body Weight

Abstract We investigated the subchronic immunotoxicity of the phosphoramidothioate organophosphorous insecticide, acephate in white leghorn cockerels (WLH). The cockerels were divided into five groups; C1 (plain control), C2 (vehicle control), T1, T2, and T3 which received acephate suspended groundnut oil for 60 days at doses of 21.3, 28.4 and 42.6 mgkg−1respectively. The live body weight gain, absolute and relative weights of the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius, hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte counts (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and lymphocytes were significantly decreased. However, monocytes, eosinophils, heterophils, and basophils were significantly increased. Total protein, albumin and albumin to globin ratio, the antibody response to RD-F and delayed-type hypersensitivity response to DNCB dye or PHA-P, erythrocyte and brain Acetylcholinesterase activity was also significantly reduced in T2 and T3. At 40 and 60 days of acephate exposure, nitrate and nitric oxide production by RD-F and mitogen Con A stimulated peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes, as well as lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigen RD-F and mitogen Con A stimulation, were significantly decreased in groups T2 and T3. Furthermore, dose-dependent increases in the frequency of micronuclei formation, varying intensity serum protein bands with different protein fractions (14.85KDa), and splenic DNA laddering (180 bp) were observed in groups T2 and T3. Histopathologically, the spleen and bursa showed morphological changes and mild lymphocyte depletion. In conclusion, low-level acephate exposure may affect acetylcholinesterase, lymphocytes, and immune responses in cockerels. As a result, it should be considered when assessing immunotoxicity and the risk to human and animal health.

scholarly journals Subchronic Acephate Exposure Induces Immunotoxicity in White Leghorn Cockerels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamantak Mani Tripathi ◽  
Prem Kumar Govindappa ◽  
Megha Kadam Bedekar ◽  
Yash Pal Sahni ◽  
B. C. Sarkhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Con A ◽  
Live Body Weight

Abstract We investigated the subchronic immunotoxicity of the phosphoramidothioate organophosphorous insecticide, acephate in white leghorn cockerels (WLH). The cockerels were divided into five groups; C1 (plain control), C2 (vehicle control), T1, T2, and T3 which received acephate suspended groundnut oil for 60 days at doses of 21.3, 28.4 and 42.6 mgkg− 1respectively. The live body weight gain, absolute and relative weights of the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius, hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte counts (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and lymphocytes were significantly decreased. However, monocytes, eosinophils, heterophils, and basophils were significantly increased. Total protein, albumin and albumin to globin ratio, the antibody response to RD-F and delayed-type hypersensitivity response to DNCB dye or PHA-P, erythrocyte and brain Acetylcholinesterase activity was also significantly reduced in T2 and T3. At 40 and 60 days of acephate exposure, nitrate and nitric oxide production by RD-F and mitogen Con A stimulated peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes, as well as lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigen RD-F and mitogen Con A stimulation, were significantly decreased in groups T2 and T3. Furthermore, dose-dependent increases in the frequency of micronuclei formation, varying intensity serum protein bands with different protein fractions (14.85KDa), and splenic DNA laddering (180 bp) were observed in groups T2 and T3. Histopathologically, the spleen and bursa showed morphological changes and mild lymphocyte depletion. In conclusion, low-level acephate exposure may affect acetylcholinesterase, lymphocytes, and immune responses in cockerels. As a result, it should be considered when assessing immunotoxicity and the risk to human and animal health.

Histopathological alterations of selenium toxicity induced in broiler (Birds)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avnish Kumar Gautam ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Group A

A study was conducted to determine the pathological toxic effect of selenium (Sodium selenite). A total number 120 one day old White Leghorn (WLH) healthy broiler birds were randomly divided into A, B and C groups. Each group contain 40 birds daily administration of sodium selenite @ 30ppm and @ 15 ppm in group A and B, respectively and group C was given plain drinking water daily for 42 days and kept as control. Macroscopically and microscopically revealed varying degrees of congestion and haemorrhages in lungs, liver, kidneys, heart and intestine in selenium treated birds. The bursa of Fabricius showed depletion of lymphoid cells between the interfollicular spaces. A significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the haemoglobin and packed cell volume was noticed in both the selenium fed groups but the total erythrocyte count remain unchanged. Biochemical parameter revealed slight decline in their activity of serum ALT and AST and increased level of BUN and creatinine in group A and B as compared to group C, suggesting some degree of renal dysfunctioning.

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Season on the Growth of some Endocrine and Lympho-Epithelioid Glands in Nigerian and White Leghorn Pullets

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
T. A. Aire
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
General Physiology ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

THE endocrine glands (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid), and thymus and bursa of Fabricius of Nigerian und White Leghorn pullets were studied from 2 weeks to 32 weeks of age in the wet and dry seasons of Nigeria. Pituitary weights were significantly (P <0.005) greater in the wet season-reared than in the dry season — reared birds. Adrenal weight differences due to breed were significant, but had no significant influence on this parameter, Nigerian pullets had significantly (P <0.005) greater thyroid Weights (absolute and relative) than the Leghorns, and the absolute weights were also significantly (P <0.05) higher in the wet that in the dry season. The differences in thymus weights between breeds and seasons were not significant but the interaction between season and age, and between breed and age were highly significant (P < 0.005). The relative thymus weights were generally and significantly greater (P ... 0.0005, in the Nigerian than in the Leghorn pullets. The interaction between age and season and between breed and age were also highly significant [P <0.005] in respect to the bursa. The effect of season and breed on the growth of the bursa was also highly significant (p <0.005). The possible significance of these findings in relation to the general physiology of the two breeds of chicken were discussed.  

Immunohýstochemýcal staýnýng of cd3, cd79ácy and s-100 on bursa fabrýcýus, thymus and spleen of turkeys (Meleagrýs Gallapavo)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolunay Kozlu ◽  
Ebru Karadað Sari ◽  
Yeþim Akaydin Bozkurt ◽  
Nevin Kurtdede
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Triple Staining

Distribution of CD3, CD79ácy and S-100, immunohistochemically, in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen has not been reported in turkeys. Therefore, we determined the localisation of anti-CD3 protein antibodies for mature T-lymphocytes, anti-CD79ácy antibodies for B-lymphocytes and anti-S-100 protein antibodies for follicular dentritic cells in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen, which are the lymphoid organs, in a study sample of turkeys. Triple staining method was applied to demonstrate the general structure. Moreover, in all the organs positive reactions were observed with the CD3, CD79ácy and S-100 antibodies. It was also found that similar areas had a positive reaction with CD79ácy and S-100 in all of the tested organs. It was remarkable that CD79ácy reacted positively on Hassall’s corpuscles (strongly) and the reticular cells (weakly) in the medulla of the thymus instead of the B-lymphocyte positive areas.

Interactions ofPlasmodium juxtanucleareand chicken anaemia virus: establishing a model

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (14) ◽  
pp. 1777-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA SILVEIRA ◽  
SANDRA Y. G. MARIN ◽  
PATRICIA A. MOREIRA ◽  
BÁRBARA B. TOCANTINS ◽  
GUSTAVO LACORTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Chicken Anaemia Virus ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Specific Pathogen

SUMMARYThe pathogensPlasmodium juxtanucleareand chicken anaemia virus (CAV) are easily transmitted and potentially harmful to chickens. In this study, we established an experimental model to investigate the effects of avian malaria caused byP. juxtanuclearein white leghorn specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks previously immunosuppressed with CAV. Parasitaemia, haematological variables and clinical and pathological parameters were determined in four different experimental groups: chicks coinfected by CAV andP. juxtanuclearestrain (Coinfected group), chicks exclusively infected by CAV (CAV group) orP. juxtanucleare(Malaria group) and uninfected chicks (Control group). Our data demonstrated thatP. juxtanucleareparasitaemia was significantly higher in the Coinfected group. Furthermore, haematological parameters, including the RBC, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were significantly reduced in coinfected chicks. In agreement with the changes observed in haematological features, the mortality among coinfected chicks was higher compared with animals with single infections. Clinical analysis indicated moderate changes related to different organs size (bursa of Fabricius, heart and liver) in coinfected birds. The experimental coinfection of SPF chickens withP. juxtanucleareand CAV may represent a research tool for the study of avian malaria after CAV immunosuppression, enabling measurement of the impacts caused by different pathogens during malarial infection.

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