scholarly journals Quantification of morphology of canine circumanal gland tumors: a fractal based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C. Šoštarić-Zuckermann ◽  
K. Severin ◽  
M. Huzak ◽  
M. Hohšteter ◽  
A. Gudan Kurilj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization

<p>Circumanal gland tumors are very common neoplasms of dogs. Their classification relies on microscopic examination and is further supported by a few immunohistochemical markers that help indicate their prognosis. However, new additional tests would be highly useful. The purpose of this study was to develop such a test using fractal analysis which is increasingly being applied in science, especially in the field of biomedicine. A total of 53 circumanal gland tumors were chosen from our department archives. After a precise histological classification according to the World Health Organization classification, the number of <em>de novo</em> classified samples was as follows: 15 adenomas, 11 epitheliomas, 21 well differentiated carcinomas, 6 poorly differentiated carcinomas. Ten samples of normal circumanal gland were also included as control. All samples were immunohistochemicaly stained with vimentin. All immunohistochemical reactions were photographed at two different magnifications -100X and 400X and converted to 1 bit in black and white (bitmap) images thus enhancing the positive vimentin reactions. These images were used for the assessment of fractal dimension applying the <em>box counting method</em> and computer software <em>Fractalyse</em>. To determine the significance of results, conventional statistics were performed using Statistica software. The overall vimentin stain score was significantly higher in epitheliomas and carcinomas than in normal circumanal glands (CG) or adenomas. Mean values of fractal dimension estimated at magnification 100X and 400X were as follows: normal CG 1.318 and 1.372, CG adenomas 1.384 and 1.408, CG epitheliomas 1.547 and 1.597, CG well differentiated carcinomas 1.569 and 1.607, CG poorly differentiated carcinomas 1.679 and 1.723. Significant differences (at level of 5%) of these values were observed between individual groups of CG adenomas or normal CG, and epitheliomas or carcinomas. The above results indicate vimentin immunohistochemistry staining and assessment of fractal dimension as an ancillary diagnostic method of choice when discerning between benign and malignant tumors of circumanal glands. Additional development of the method of fractal dimension assesment may yield a possibility for this tool to successfully discern between all of the types of CG tumors.</p>

Mediastinoscopy: The Predictive Survival Value in Staging Carcinoma of the Lung

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis W. Welsh ◽  
John J. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Metastatic Behavior ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Health Organization

One hundred and thirty-seven cases of Stage III lung cancer established by mediastinoscopy have been followed to determine their survival. The tissue was classified according to World Health Organization schema and the degree of dedifferentiation graded from well to poorly differentiated. Two percent of the presented cases are well-differentiated tumors; the remaining 98% are moderately well-differentiated (11%), or poorly differentiated or small cell tumors (87%). The degree of anaplasia suggests an increasingly aggressive metastatic behavior pattern. The average life span is approximately 5 1/2 months in all groups and subgroups which were studied. Recommendations are presented for the utilization of mediastinoscopy in Stage I and II cases. Further considerations are suggested for priority of diagnostic procedures in establishing the diagnosis of lung cancer.

scholarly journals A Case of Very Well-Differentiated Adenocarcinoma With Carcinoid Tumor in the Ascending Colon

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayato Yamauchi ◽  
Shinji Sakurai ◽  
Ritsuko Tsukagoshi ◽  
Masaki Suzuki ◽  
Yuichi Tabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Carcinoid Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
The World ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Malignant tumors with mixed glandular and neuroendocrine characteristics with at least 30% of each component are classified as mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) by the World Health Organization 2010 classification. We report here a case of very well-differentiated adenocarcinoma accompanied by carcinoid tumor, categorized as MANEC. A 41-year-old Japanese man was clinically diagnosed with ascending colon cancer and underwent right hemicolectomy. Using an immunohistologic technique, the pathologic diagnosis was very well-differentiated adenocarcinoma accompanied by carcinoid tumor and marked eosinophil infiltration, which was categorized as MANEC. By immunohistochemical analysis, tumor cells of the carcinoid component exhibited very low proliferation activity. Our case was thought to be MANEC without high malignant potential. MANEC as per the World Health Organization 2010 classification seems to include tumors with diverse grades of malignancy, and it might need to have subclassifications according to the malignancy potential of the tumor cells.

scholarly journals Ikaros is heterogeneously expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and is involved in its progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052094586
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Tong-bing Chen ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Resected Stage ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinomas

Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of the Ikaros transcription factor (IKZF1) in lung adenocarcinoma and investigate whether expression levels of Ikaros are correlated with lung adenocarcinoma progression. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 325 cases of resected stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma, in which histological subtyping was performed according to the 2015 World Health Organization classification. We performed immunohistochemical examinations to assess expression of Ikaros in pulmonary adenocarcinomas and evaluated the correlation between Ikaros expression and cancer progression. Results Immunohistochemical staining was heterogeneous, with the majority of well-differentiated and moderately differentiated lung adenocarcinomas being weakly positive and the majority of the poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinomas exhibiting strong positive staining. Higher expression of Ikaros was associated with tumor recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Ikaros is heterogeneously expressed in different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma; higher expression of Ikaros was found to be associated with cancer progression.

Endocrine Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Pathologic and Genetic Features

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Capelli ◽  
Guido Martignoni ◽  
Federica Pedica ◽  
Massimo Falconi ◽  
Davide Antonello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Genetic Event ◽  
Primary Material ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Context.—Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PENs) are diagnostically challenging tumors whose natural history is largely unknown. Histopathology allows the distinction of 2 categories: poorly differentiated high-grade carcinomas and well-differentiated neoplasms. The latter include more than 90% of PENs whose clinical behavior varies from indolent to malignant and cannot be predicted by their morphology. Objectives.—To review the literature and report on additional primary material about the clinicopathologic features, classification, staging, grading, and genetic features of PENs. Data Sources.—Literature review of relevant articles indexed in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) and primary material from the authors' institution. Conclusions.—The diagnosis of PEN is generally easy, but unusual features may induce misdiagnosis. Immunohistochemistry solves the issue, provided that the possibility of a PEN has been considered. Morphology allows the distinction of poorly differentiated aggressive carcinomas from well-differentiated neoplasms. The World Health Organization classification criteria allow for the discernment of the latter into neoplasms and carcinomas with either benign or uncertain behavior. The recently proposed staging and grading systems hold great promise for permitting a stratification of carcinomas into clinically significant risk categories. To date, inactivation of the MEN1 gene remains the only ascertained genetic event involved in PEN genesis. It is inactivated in roughly one-third of PENs. The degree of genomic instability correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm. Gene silencing by promoter methylation has been advocated, but a formal demonstration of the involvement of specific genes is still lacking. Expression profiling studies are furnishing valuable lists of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs that may advance further the research to discover novel markers and/or therapeutic targets.

Dysadherin Overexpression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reflects Tumor Aggressiveness: Relationship to E-Cadherin Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shimamura ◽  
Michiie Sakamoto ◽  
Yoshinori Ino ◽  
Yasuto Sato ◽  
Kazuaki Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Aggressiveness ◽  
Tumor Margins ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
E Cadherin

Purpose: The E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system is frequently inactivated by multiple mechanisms and is involved in tumor progression in many types of cancer. Recently, we reported the cloning and characterization of dysadherin and showed that it downregulated E-cadherin and promoted metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of dysadherin expression and the relationship between dysadherin expression and E-cadherin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: We examined dysadherin and E-cadherin expression in 125 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients using immunohistochemistry. Results: Dysadherin was expressed at the cell membrane of cancer cells, but not in nontumor duct and acinar cells. Its expression was stronger in infiltrative and poorly differentiated nests compared with well-differentiated nests. Although the correlation between the expression of dysadherin and E-cadherin was not significant, a group of patients showed reduced E-cadherin expression with dysadherin overexpression. Increased dysadherin expression was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P = .047), high tumor grade (P = .006), positive tumor margins (P = .024), and infiltrative type of growth pattern (P = .014). A survival advantage was observed in patients with 0% to 20% dysadherin-positive cells compared with patients with 51% to 100% dysadherin-positive cells, independent of tumor-node-metastasis classification, and World Health Organization tumor grade (P = .019). A combination of increased dysadherin expression and reduced E-cadherin expression (< 90%) further worsened the prognosis. Conclusion: In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, dysadherin expression seems to reflect tumor aggressiveness and to be a positive marker of poor prognosis when considered both alone and in combination with downregulation of E-cadherin.

Primary Prostatic Carcinoma With De Novo Diffuse Neuroendocrine Differentiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110358
Author(s):  
Laurence A. Galea ◽  
Christopher Mow ◽  
Samson W. Fine ◽  
Paul Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
World Health ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization

The 2016 World Health Organization classification of prostate cancer with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation includes NE cells in usual prostate cancer, adenocarcinoma with Paneth cell-like NE differentiation, well-differentiated NE tumor (carcinoid), small cell NE carcinoma, and large cell NE carcinoma. In this article, we report a rare case of primary prostatic carcinoma with de novo diffuse NE differentiation presenting with bilateral hydronephrosis in a 79-year-old man. This case did not fit into any of the existing classifications. The clinical, radiological, morphological, and immunohistochemical findings and response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are presented. The proposed pathogenesis of NE differentiation via transdifferentiation from conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma whereby genomic alterations, coupled with ADT can induce lineage plasticity resulting in NE differentiation is described.

scholarly journals HIGH-GRADE GASTROENTEROPANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS. MODERN CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
A. A. Kolomeytseva ◽  
V. A. Gorbunova ◽  
N. F. Orel ◽  
G. S. Emelianova ◽  
A. M. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Net G3 ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization

Poorly differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NENs) are rare malignancies, most of which are characterized by aggressiveness, a tendency to rapid metastasis and an unfavorable prognosis even when localized. In 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) updated classification of GEP NENs and recognized the category of well-differentiated pancreatic NET G3, associated with Ki‑67 index usually over 20%. The upper level of Ki‑67 is not defined. Usually it is 55%. Highgrade poorly differentiated pancreatic NENs are defined as pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (panNECs). Although the NET G3 category is recognized for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms only, many specialists consider it reasonable to apply this term to all well-differentiated GEP NETs with Ki‑67 index in the 20 to 55 percent range. Clinical behavior and therapeutic approaches for advanced GEP NECs and NETs G3 are different. Standard palliative chemotherapy for GEP NECs consists of cisplatin or carboplatin combined with etoposide. The second-line regimens include irinotecan-, oxaliplatin, fluoropyrimidine- and temozolomide-based regimens. Temozolomide-based chemotherapy regimens, as well as targeted therapy are more preferable as first line therapy for patients with NETs G3. The platinum-based chemotherapy regimens are considered at the time of disease progression. Further clinical studies with the inclusion of much more patients will determine the optimal treatment strategy for this category of patients.

An approach to the understanding of the clinical-etiopathological aspect of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 862-869
Author(s):  
Meena Kumari ◽  
Monika Agrawal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Parameswarappa S Byadgi
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
The World ◽  
Polarized Epithelia ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this disease as a pandemic. The condition (COVID-19) is an infectious disorder triggered by a newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2. Most of the COVID-19 infected patients will experience mild to moderate respiratory symptoms and recover without any unique therapy. Assessment of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 cases suggests the infected patients will not be contagious until the onset of severe symptoms and affects the other organs. Well-differentiated cells of apical airway epithelia communicating with ACE2 were promptly infected to SARS-CoV-2 virus. But the expression of ACE 2 in poorly differentiated epithelia facilitated SARS spike (S) protein-pseudo typed virus entry and it is replicated in polarized epithelia and especially exited via the apical surface. Limiting the transmission of COVID-19 infection & its prevention can be regarded as a hierarchy of controls. In this article, we briefly discuss the most recent advances in respect to aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical progression of the disease COVID-19.

scholarly journals Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas in a public hospital in São Paulo State, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Carlotti Junior ◽  
João Alberto Assirati Junior ◽  
Vicente de Paulo Martins Coelho Junior ◽  
Luciano Neder
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Operative Mortality ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Performance Scale

Atypical/anaplastic (World Health Organization (WHO) grades II and III) are less common and have poorer outcomes than benign meningiomas. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of patients with these tumors.Method Overall/recurrence-free survivals (RFS) and the Karnofsky Performance Scale of 52 patients with grades II (42) and III (9) meningiomas surgically treated were analyzed (uni/multivariate analysis).Results Total/subtotal resections were 60.8%/35.3%. Patients <60 years-old and grade II tumors had longer survival. Grade II tumors, total resection andde novo meningioma had better RFS (univariate analysis). Patients >60 years-old, de novo meningioma and radiotherapy had longer survival and patients <60 years-old and with grade II tumors had longer RFS (multivariate analysis). Recurrence rate was 51% (39.2% Grade II and 66.7% Grade III). Operative mortality was 1.9%.Conclusion Age <60 years-old, grade II tumors and de novomeningiomas were the main predictors for better prognosis among patients with grades II and III meningiomas.

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