scholarly journals Effect of aging on the configurational change of the aortic arch

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuhiro Kojima ◽  
Isako Saga
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
The Relationship

We explored the relationship between aging and the configuration of the aortic arch using computed tomography angiography (CTA). We retrospectively reviewed CTA obtained in 140 cases. The configuration of the aortic arch was categorized into three types based on the criteria mentioned by Madhwal <em>et al</em>., and the relationships between each configuration and patient characteristics were analyzed. Anomalies of the aortic arch were also explored. Twenty patients had a type-1 aortic arch (mean age, 56.1 years), 30 patients had a type-2 aortic arch (mean age, 66.3 years), and 89 patients had a type-3 aortic arch (mean age, 71.7 years). The mean age of patients with a type-3 aortic arch was significantly higher than that of patients with a type-1 aortic arch. No significant correlations between the type of aortic arch and other factors, such as smoking habit, were seen. The configuration of the aortic arch in our study appears to be significantly affected by the age of the patients.

Anterior Ethmoidal Artery: A Computed Tomography Analysis and New Classifications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar ◽  
Alaa Omar Khazbak ◽  
Diaa Bakry Eldib ◽  
Hesham Youssef Algazzar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Ethmoidal Artery ◽  
Anterior Ethmoidal Artery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Sinus Ostium

Abstract Objective to determine the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) anatomy and variations by computed tomography (CT) in adult and their relations to and presents new AEA classifications. Methods One hundred and fifty paranasal CT scans (300 sides) were included. Axial images were acquired with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes. Results One hundred and forty-four AEAs canal (48%), 293 AEAs foramen (97.7%), and 229 AEAs sulcus could be detected (76.3%). The mean AEA intranasal length was 6.7 ± 1.27 mm (range: 4.24–10.6 mm). The mean angle between AEA and lamina papyracea was 105.49 ± 9.28 degrees (range: 76.41–129.76 degrees). Of them, 95.8% AEAs had an angle with lamina >90 degrees, while 4.2% had angle <90 degrees. The mean angle between AEA and lateral lamella of cribriform plate was 103.95 ± 13.08 degrees (range: 65.57–141.36 degrees). Of them, 87.5% AEAs had an angle >90 degrees and 12.5% had an angle <90 degrees. The mean distance between AEA and skull base was 1.37 ± 1.98 mm (range: 0–8.35 mm). The AEA types in relation to skull base was type 1 (0–2 mm from skull base; 64.6%), type 2 (2–4 mm; 22.2%), type 3 (4–6 mm; 11.1%), and type 4 (>6 mm; 2.1%). The mean distance between the AEA and frontal sinus ostium was 9.17 ± 4.72 mm (range: 0–25.36 mm). AEA classification according to distance from AEA to frontal sinus ostium was 17.4% type 1 (<5 mm), 41.7% type 2 (5–10 mm), 31.9% type 3 (10–15 mm), and 9% type 4 (>15 mm). Conclusion Provided AEA details improve surgeons' awareness of AEA variations in the endoscopic field and can help residents in training.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Analysis of the Ethmoid Roof: A Region at Risk in Endoscopic Sinus Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Pra Urusopone
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Tomography Analysis

Objective: To determine the olfactory fossa depth according to the Keros classification and determine the incidence of asymmetry in height and configuration of the ethmoid roof. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 75 coronal computed tomography studies of paranasal sinuses and facial bones were performed. Measurement of the depth of the lateral lamella, classification of the depth according to Keros type and determination of the asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and configuration were done. Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella cribiform plate (LLCP) was 2.15+1.29 mm. The cases were classified as 87.33% Keros type1 and 12.67 % as Keros type 2. No Keros type 3 was found .There was asymmetry in the LLCP height of 33.33% of cases and a configuration asymmetry in 8% of the cases. No significant difference between the mean height and distribution of Keros type between gender and laterality were also found. Conclusion: As regards the olfactory fossa depth, the Keros type 1 was most frequently found. Asymmetry in the depth and configuration were detected in 33.33 and 8% respectively. Risk of inadvertent intracranial entry through the lateral lamella among Thai may be lower than other studies with majority of cases classified as Keros type 2 or 3.

Comparing the Arrangements of Governance and Sustainable Development in OECD Countries: Coupled or Decoupled?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Huh Taewook
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study attempts to analyze to what extent governance and sustainable development (SD) empirically appear compatible in the thirtyfive OECD countries through the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis, and identify which ideal types appear coupled or decoupled, and then reveal which countries belong to the coupled types or to the decoupled types. In short, twenty-two countries (including Sweden (fuzzy score, 0.953), Denmark (0.920), Finland (0.914), Norway (0.911) in Type 1 (G*S, ‘strong G-S coupled countries’); and Turkey (0.906), Greece (0.833), Mexico (0.828) in Type 4 (g*s, ‘lite g-s coupled countries’) are in line with the accepted conventions regarding the compatible relationship between governance and SD. On the other hand, the rest of thirteen countries (including USA (fuzzy score, 0.815), Luxembourg (0.721), Australia (0.660) in Type 2 (G*s, ‘G-s decoupled countries’); and Slovenia (0.728), France (0.644), Czech Rep. (0.625) in Type 3 (g*S, ‘g-S decoupled countries’) may indicate that the relationship of governance and SD is in fact experiencing tensions in the national contexts. These findings are characterized by the substance (of SD) and procedure (of governance) divide. Considering the results, this study focuses on the idea of reflexivity or reflexive capacity.

scholarly journals Modified approach to the characterization of adrenal nodules using a standard abdominal magnetic resonance imaging protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
António P. Matos ◽  
Richard C. Semelka ◽  
Vasco Herédia ◽  
Mamdoh AlObaidiy ◽  
Filipe Veloso Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Objective: To describe a modified approach to the evaluation of adrenal nodules using a standard abdominal magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Materials and Methods: Our sample comprised 149 subjects (collectively presenting with 132 adenomas and 40 nonadenomas). The adrenal signal intensity index was calculated. Lesions were grouped by pattern of enhancement (PE), according to the phase during which the wash-in peaked: arterial phase (type 1 PE); portal venous phase (type 2 PE); and interstitial phase (type 3 PE). The relative and absolute wash-out values were calculated. To test for mean differences between adenomas and nonadenomas, Student's t-tests were used. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also performed. Results: The mean adrenal signal intensity index was significantly higher for the adenomas than for the nonadenomas (p < 0.0001). Chemical shift imaging showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94.4% and 100%, respectively, for differentiating adenomas from nonadenomas. Of the adenomas, 47.6%, 48.5%, and 3.9%, respectively, exhibited type 1, 2, and 3 PEs. For the mean wash-in proportions, significant differences were found among the enhancement patterns. The wash-out calculations revealed a trend toward better lesion differentiation for lesions exhibiting a type 1 PE, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 80.0%, respectively, when the absolute values were referenced, as well as for lesions exhibiting a type 2 PE, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 68.0% and 100%, respectively, when the relative values were referenced. The calculated probability of a lipid-poor lesion that exhibited a type 3 PE being a nonadenoma was > 99%. Conclusion: Subgrouping dynamic enhancement patterns yields high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating adenomas from nonadenomas.

scholarly journals There is a Correlation between Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis and a Circle-Type Morphology of the True Pelvis, but Not with Pelvic Incidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matthias Spalteholz ◽  
Matthias Spalteholz ◽  
Gulow Jens ◽  
Pap Geza
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fracture Types ◽  
Type 3

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for the development of fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP). There is a lack of information about the influence of anatomical conditions such as Pelvic Incidence and Pelvic Ratio (DT/DS ratio) on this kind of fractures. Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective analysis. X-ray images of the lumbar spine and pelvis and 3D-MPR CT reconstructions of the pelvis were analysed to determine Pelvic Incidence (PI) and Pelvic Ratio (PR) in 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between these spinopelvic parameters and fragility fractures of the pelvis. Results: A total of 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis (14 men = 9.93%, 127 women = 90.07%) were analysed. According to the FFP-classification we recognized FFP type 1 fractures in 19.15%, FFP type 2 in 41.13%, FFP type 3 in 8.51% and FFP type 4 fractures in 32.21%. The mean PI was 58.83º. There was no statistical correlation between PI and fracture types (p=0.81). The mean PR was 1.099. 57 patients (40.43%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≤ 1.06, corresponding to a circle-type morphology. 24 patients (17.02%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≥ 1.18, corresponding to an ellipse-type pelvis. A circle-type pelvis is significantly more often associated with fragility fractures of the pelvis than an ellipse-type morphology (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of our work demonstrate a strong statistical correlation between the circle-type morphology of the pelvis (PR ≤ 1.06) and fragility fractures of the pelvis. There is no statistical correlation between fragility fractures of the pelvis and Pelvic Incidence.

scholarly journals Computed Tomographic Analysis of Aortic Arch Branching Patterns - Revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iroshani Kodikara ◽  
Dhanusha Gamage ◽  
Sampath De Soyza ◽  
Isurani Ilayperuma
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Background /ObjectivesBranching pattern of aortic arch (AA) has a direct impact on the outcome of thoracic surgical and angiographic procedures. Geographical variations in the branching pattern of AA has been described. Hence, this descriptive cross sectional study describes the AA variations in a Sri Lankan population compared to the available global statistics.MethodsContrast-enhanced computed tomographic studies (CTC) of thorax (n=219) performed in males (49.3%) and females (50.7%); aged 59±17 years (range: 4 to 96 years), were evaluated. Branching patterns of AA were categorized into seven types as described by Popieluszko et al.ResultsFour AA types were identified in the study population: Type 1 (90%; n=197), Type 2 (n=10, 4.6%), Type 3 (n=8, 3.7%) and Type 6 AA (n=4; 1.8%). The prevalence of AA variations was 10%. Type 1 was the most prevalent pattern in both genders: female-91%; males-88.9%. The most prevalent AA variant in females was Type 2 (n=6; 5.4%); males Type 3 (n=5; 4.6%). However, the branching pattern of AA has not demonstrated a significant gender influence (Odds: 0.792; 95% CI: 0.327 - 1.917; p=0.605). ConclusionVariations in branching pattern of AA is as high as 10% among Sri Lankans. Thus, an in-depth knowledge on population specific prevalence of AA variants would influence the modifications surgical approaches and the choice of angiographic catheters to be utilized, which in turn, would minimize inadvertent vascular injuries during thoracic surgical and angiographic interventions.

scholarly journals Honor-Based Abuse in England and Wales: Who Does What to Whom?

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780122095216
Author(s):  
Lis Bates
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Victim Services ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Family Abuse ◽  
The Relationship

Key findings are presented from an empirical study profiling 1,474 cases of honor-based abuse (HBA) known to police and victim services in England and Wales. Thematic and quantitative (regression) analyses were used to investigate whether and how HBA differed from other forms of domestic abuse and forced marriage. A new typology of HBA is proposed, based principally on the relationship(s) between victim and perpetrator(s). Interpreted within an overarching lens of gender-based violence, it is argued that Type 1 (partner abuse) and Type 3 (partner plus family abuse) are culturally specific forms of domestic abuse, whereas Type 2 (family abuse) is distinct.

Comparison of six types of rough approximations based on j-neighborhood space and j-adhesion neighborhood space

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4515-4531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Atef ◽  
Ahmed Mostafa Khalil ◽  
Sheng-Gang Li ◽  
A.A. Azzam ◽  
Abd El Fattah El Atik
Keyword(s):  
Rough Set ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Approximation Operators ◽  
Neighborhood Rough Set ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we generalize three types of rough set models based on j-neighborhood space (i.e, type 1 j-neighborhood rough set, type 2 j-neighborhood rough set, and type 3 j-neighborhood rough set), and investigate some of their basic properties. Also, we present another three types of rough set models based on j-adhesion neighborhood space (i.e, type 4 j-adhesion neighborhood rough set, type 5 j-adhesion neighborhood rough set, and type 6 j-adhesion neighborhood rough set). The fundamental properties of approximation operators based on j-adhesion neighborhood space are established. The relationship between the properties of these types is explained. Finally, according to j-adhesion neighborhood space, we give a comparison between the Yao’s approach and our approach.

scholarly journals Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on immunity in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Byeong Chan Lee ◽  
Ki Joon Park ◽  
Gil Myeong Son
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyp ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyp (wNP) is a more severe inflammatory form of CRS that often coexists with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little is known the relationship between OSA and immunologic profile on patients with CRSwNP. We aimed to investigate the immune profile of patients with CRSwNP according to OSA severity.Methods: This study included 63 patients with CRSwNP and nine control subjects. Protein levels of inflammatory mediators were determined using multiplex immunoassay. All patients underwent standard polysomnography.Results: We found that, in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP), IL-6 and CXCL-1 (type 1 immune-related markers) were upregulated in cases of moderate-to-severe OSA. Additionally, IL-4, IL-13, CCL-11, CCL-24 (type 2 immune-related markers), and IL-17A (type 3 immune-related marker) were increased in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Though there were no significant differences in type 1, 2, or 3 immune-related markers among patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (NECRSwNP) according to the severity of OSA, TGF-

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