scholarly journals Spatio-temporal cluster detection of chickenpox in Valencia, Spain in the period 2008-2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Iftimi ◽  
Francisco Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Ana Míguez Santiyán ◽  
Francisco Montes
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Temporal Cluster ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Permutation Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Interaction ◽  
Airborne Disease ◽  
The City

Chickenpox is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by <em>Varicella zoster</em>, which affects nearly all non-immune children worldwide with an annual incidence estimated at 80-90 million cases. To analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of the chickenpox incidence in the city of Valencia, Spain two complementary statistical approaches were used. First, we evaluated the existence of clusters and spatio-temporal interaction; secondly, we used this information to find the locations of the spatio-temporal clusters via the space-time permutation model. The first method used detects any aggregation in our data but does not provide the spatial and temporal information. The second method gives the locations, areas and time-frame for the spatio-temporal clusters. An overall decreasing time trend, a pronounced 12-monthly periodicity and two complementary periods were observed. Several areas with high incidence, surrounding the center of the city were identified. The existence of aggregation in time and space was observed, and a number of spatio-temporal clusters were located.

A retrospective analysis of the incidence of chickenpox in the Altai territory and the city of Barnaul for 2001–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
E. A. Peredelskaya ◽  
T. V. Safyanova
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Significant Probability ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

Chickenpox is an urgent problem for public health due to its high contagiousness, wide prevalence, high incidence rates, a significant probability of medium and severe clinical course of the disease, leading to death and disability, diseases of pregnant women and the development of congenital forms of infection, as well as the carrier of the Varicella zoster virus, which leads to a chronic form of infection — shingles. Purpose: of this study was to assess epidemiological situation of chickenpox incidence among the population of the Altai region and city of Barnaul in 2001–2019 years. Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the data of statistical reporting forms № 2 of the Federal state statistical observation «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases» in the Altai region and the city of Barnaul for 2001–2019. Data processing was carried out using the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, the calculation of the arithmetic mean (X) and the standard error of the mean (m). Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel. Results. During the study period, there was a tendency to increase the incidence of chickenpox among the population of the Altai region and the city of Barnaul. Winter-spring seasonality was observed. Among the sick in the Altai region and in the city of Barnaul dominated children under 17 years. Summary. In order to prevent drifts and the spread of chickenpox, it is necessary to introduce vaccination against this infection into the national calendar of preventive vaccinations of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Analytical report of the 2016 dengue outbreak in Córdoba city, Argentina

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Rotela ◽  
Laura Lopez ◽  
María Frías Céspedes ◽  
Gabriela Barbas ◽  
Andrés Lighezzolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
The City

After elimination of the Aedes aegypti vector in South America in the 1960s, dengue outbreaks started to reoccur during the 1990s; strongly in Argentina since 1998. In 2016, Córdoba City had the largest dengue outbreak in its history. In this article we report this outbreak including spatio-temporal analysis of cases and vectors in the city. A total of 653 dengue cases were recorded by the laboratory-based dengue surveillance system and georeferenced by their residential addresses. Case maps were generated from the epidemiological week 1 (beginning of January) to week 19 (mid-May). Dengue outbreak temporal evolution was analysed globally and three specific, high-incidence zones were detected using Knox analysis to characterising its spatio-temporal attributes. Field and remotely sensed data were collected and analysed in real time and a vector presence map based on the MaxEnt approach was generated to define hotspots, towards which the pesticide- based strategy was then targeted. The recorded pattern of cases evolution within the community suggests that dengue control measures should be improved.

scholarly journals The spatio-temporal epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra Gayawan ◽  
Olushina O. Awe ◽  
Bamidele M. Oseni ◽  
Ikemefuna C. Uzochukwu ◽  
Adeshina Adekunle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

Abstract Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. Although, the disease appeared in Africa later than other regions, it has now spread to virtually all countries on the continent. We provide early spatio-temporal dynamics of COVID-19 within the first 62 days of the disease's appearance on the African continent. We used a two-parameter hurdle Poisson model to simultaneously analyse the zero counts and the frequency of occurrence. We investigate the effects of important healthcare capacities including hospital beds and number of medical doctors in different countries. The results show that cases of the pandemic vary geographically across Africa with notably high incidence in neighbouring countries particularly in West and North Africa. The burden of the disease (per 100 000) mostly impacted Djibouti, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria. Temporally, during the first 4 weeks, the burden was highest in Senegal, Egypt and Mauritania, but by mid-April it shifted to Somalia, Chad, Guinea, Tanzania, Gabon, Sudan and Zimbabwe. Currently, Namibia, Angola, South Sudan, Burundi and Uganda have the least burden. These findings could be useful in guiding epidemiological interventions and the allocation of scarce resources based on heterogeneity of the disease patterns.

Using augmented reality for navigation in space. Creating Visual Dictionaries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Khakimova ◽  
Oleg Zolotarev ◽  
Lyudmila Sharapova ◽  
Daler Mirzoev ◽  
Aleksanra Belaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

The image of the city is a spatio-temporal continuum in which everything is interconnected, it exists as a single monolith expressing itself in the general atmosphere. The visual image of the city may contain two planes of meanings: culturally ratified and universally valid, expressed by cultural codes, and also significant only to those who are viewing the image. Therefore, the content of the visual image depends on who the subject of perception is, what he pays attention to and in what situation the process of perception of the image occurs.

scholarly journals Clinical correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiles in Spanish COVID-19 patients from a high incidence region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Markewitz ◽  
Antje Torge ◽  
Klaus-Peter Wandinger ◽  
Daniela Pauli ◽  
Andre Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Reasonable Time Frame ◽  
Support Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

AbstractLaboratory testing for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) consists of two pillars: the detection of viral RNA via rt-PCR as the diagnostic gold standard in acute cases, and the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. However, concerning the latter, questions remain about their diagnostic and prognostic value and it is not clear whether all patients develop detectable antibodies. We examined sera from 347 Spanish COVID-19 patients, collected during the peak of the epidemic outbreak in Spain, for the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and evaluated possible associations with age, sex and disease severity (as measured by duration of hospitalization, kind of respiratory support, treatment in ICU and death). The presence and to some degree the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies depended mainly on the amount of time between onset of symptoms and the collection of serum. A subgroup of patients did not develop antibodies at the time of sample collection. Compared to the patients that did, no differences were found. The presence and level of antibodies was not associated with age, sex, duration of hospitalization, treatment in the ICU or death. The case-fatality rate increased exponentially with older age. Neither the presence, nor the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies served as prognostic markers in our cohort. This is discussed as a possible consequence of the timing of the sample collection. Age is the most important risk factor for an adverse outcome in our cohort. Some patients appear not to develop antibodies within a reasonable time frame. It is unclear, however, why that is, as these patients differ in no respect examined by us from those who developed antibodies.

Forest path condition monitoring based on crowd-based trajectory data analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Francisco Arcas-Tunez ◽  
Fernando Terroso-Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Country Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Path Condition ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

The development of Road Information Acquisition Systems (RIASs) based on the Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) paradigm has been widely studied for the last years. In that sense, most of the existing MCS-based RIASs focus on urban road networks and assume a car-based scenario. However, there exist a scarcity of approaches that pay attention to rural and country road networks. In that sense, forest paths are used for a wide range of recreational and sport activities by many different people and they can be also affected by different problems or obstacles blocking them. As a result, this work introduces SAMARITAN, a framework for rural-road network monitoring based on MCS. SAMARITAN analyzes the spatio-temporal trajectories from cyclists extracted from the fitness application Strava so as to uncover potential obstacles in a target road network. The framework has been evaluated in a real-world network of forest paths in the city of Cieza (Spain) showing quite promising results.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Changes of Urban Forests and Planning Evolution in a Highly Dynamical Urban Area: The Case Study of Wrocław, Poland

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Jaworek-Jakubska ◽  
Maciej Filipiak ◽  
Adam Michalski ◽  
Anna Napierała-Filipiak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

Knowledge about urban forests in Poland is still limited, as it is primarily based on aggregate, formal data relating to the general area, ignoring the spatial dimension and informal green areas. This article describes and analyses spatio-temporal changes in the actual urban forest resources in Wrocław in 1944–2017, which covers the first period of the city’s rebuilding after its destruction during World War II and its development during the nationalised, centrally-planned socialist economy, as well as the second period of intensive and only partly controlled growth under conditions of market economy. The study is based on current and historical orthophotomaps, which were confronted with cartographic data, as well as planning documents. We found that between 1944 and 2017, the percentage contribution of informal woodlands increased tenfold (from 0.5 to 4.9% of the present total area of the city). The area occupied by such forests has grown particularly during the most recent years of the city’s intensive development. However, the forests have been increasingly fragmented. During the first period, new forest areas were also created in the immediate vicinity of the city centre, while during the second one, only in its peripheral sections. The post-war plans regarding the urban green spaces (UGS), including the current plan, are very conservative in nature. On the one hand, this means no interference with the oldest, biggest, and most valuable forest complexes, but on the other hand, insufficient consideration of the intensive built-up area expansion on former agriculture areas. Only to a limited extent did the above-mentioned plans take into account the informal woodlands, which provide an opportunity for strengthening the functional connectivity of landscape.

scholarly journals A spatio-temporal cluster analysis of structurally deficient bridges in the contiguous USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 100034
Author(s):  
R.W. Amin ◽  
S. Kocak ◽  
H.E. Sevil ◽  
G.P. Peterson ◽  
J.T. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Temporal Cluster ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Prediction limits of mobile phone activity modelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Kondor ◽  
Sebastian Grauwin ◽  
Zsófia Kallus ◽  
István Gódor ◽  
Stanislav Sobolevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Prediction Limits ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The City

Thanks to their widespread usage, mobile devices have become one of the main sensors of human behaviour and digital traces left behind can be used as a proxy to study urban environments. Exploring the nature of the spatio-temporal patterns of mobile phone activity could thus be a crucial step towards understanding the full spectrum of human activities. Using 10 months of mobile phone records from Greater London resolved in both space and time, we investigate the regularity of human telecommunication activity on urban scales. We evaluate several options for decomposing activity timelines into typical and residual patterns, accounting for the strong periodic and seasonal components. We carry out our analysis on various spatial scales, showing that regularity increases as we look at aggregated activity in larger spatial units with more activity in them. We examine the statistical properties of the residuals and show that it can be explained by noise and specific outliers. Also, we look at sources of deviations from the general trends, which we find to be explainable based on knowledge of the city structure and places of attractions. We show examples how some of the outliers can be related to external factors such as specific social events.

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