Assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals: compost and Trichoderma effects on giant reed (Arundo donax L.) uptake and soil N-cycle microflora

Abstract Heavy metals are taken up by the vascular plant root system from water solutions in cationic forms. Subsequently, during both short and long distance transport to other plant tissues, cation forms are incorporated to many bioorganic compounds differing in stability, ionic character and physico-chemical properties such as solubility in lipid structures and mobility across cell membrane systems. Many sequential and single step extraction methods have been elaborated for characterization of the role of individual components of plant cells components in transport and detoxication of heavy metals. In our study, dry biomass of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) grown in hydroponic media spiked with 65ZnCl2 and 109CdCl2 was treated with dithizone solutions as complexing ligand in order to convert free Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions to corresponding dithizonates. Treatment with dithizone showed that up to 67 % of the total plant Cd and 56 % of the total plant Zn were transformed to dithizonate complexes extracted with chloroform. Extraction of biomass with Folch reagent showed that up to 48 % of the total root cadmium and up to 18 % of the total shoot cadmium is bound in lipid fraction. Zinc was not found in lipid fraction of root and shoot. Derivatization of the dried root and shoot lipid fraction by dithizone showed that two third of Cd in root and practically all Cd in shoot lipid fraction could be transformed to Cd-dithizonate. Methods of biomass treating with complexing ligands and a method of sequential extraction procedures with non-polar organic solvents and radiotracer methodology seem to be useful methods for the study of metal speciation and distribution in vascular plants

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Photosynthesis and growth responses of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to the heavy metals Cd and Ni

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.022 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

E.G. Papazoglou ◽

G.A. Karantounias ◽

S.N. Vemmos ◽

D.L. Bouranis

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Arundo Donax L

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Shoot cuttings propagation of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) in water and moist soil: The path forward?

Biomass and Bioenergy ◽

10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.06.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (11) ◽

pp. 1614-1623 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Enrico Ceotto ◽

Mario Di Candilo

Keyword(s):

Arundo Donax ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Moist Soil ◽

Arundo Donax L

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Economic and energy analysis of different systems for giant reed ( Arundo donax L.) harvesting in Italy and Spain

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.01.036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 176-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Luigi Pari ◽

Maria Dolores Curt ◽

Javier Sánchez ◽

Enrico Santangelo

Keyword(s):

Energy Analysis ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Arundo Donax L

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Shooting of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) stem cuttings in cold greenhouse

International Journal of Plant Biology ◽

10.4081/pb.2016.6294 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Piergiorgio Gherbin ◽

Simone Milan ◽

Giuseppe Mercurio ◽

Antonio Scopa

Keyword(s):

Arundo Donax ◽

Stem Cutting ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Propagation Methods ◽

One Year ◽

Arundo Donax L

The increasing interest in<em> Arundo donax,</em> a perennial lignocellulosic species only reproducing by propagation, requires the setup of cheap, simple and reliable techniques. Considering these targets, stem cutting offers considerable advantages. The present investigation aimed to compare: i) plants obtained by different propagation methods (by rhizome and micropropagation mother plants); ii) plants obtained by stem cuttings from basal, central and apical parts of the stem; iii) different planting periods (spring, summer, autumn). The obtained results showed that the number of new shoots from stem buds was: i) higher in the spring and lower in the summer planting period; ii) higher from cuttings obtained by micropropagated than rhizome mother plants, both in spring and summer plantings; iii) decreasing passing from the basal to the apical stem portion; iv) partly unexpressed in the autumn planting period; v) lower from one-year stem cuttings as compared to two-year stem cuttings.

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Agronomic and physiological response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to soil salinity

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2018.995 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 31-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ida Di Mola ◽

Gianpiero Guida ◽

Carmela Mistretta ◽

Pasquale Giorio ◽

Rossella Albrizio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Metal Structure ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Psii Photochemistry ◽

Salinity Increase ◽

Four Levels ◽

Arundo Donax L

The soil salinity increase in the Mediterranean basin is one of the consequences of the climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to salinity, in conditions of higher temperatures, in order to hypothesise the future use of giant reed under these conditions. The trial was carried out in pots under a permanent metal structure, open on the sides and with a clear PE on the top. Four levels of soil salinity in the range 3.3-15.5 dS m–1 were imposed. The stem number of the most stressed treatment was about 45% lower than the control and also the stem height was lower than in all other treatments. The green and yellow leaf number decreased as the soil salinity increased, and their sum was significantly lower in the two most stressed treatments. Osmotic potential of the leaf sap was not affected by salinity. Leaf water potential and stomatal conduc- conductance in the saline treatments were lower than in the control. tance Assimilation rate showed similar pattern of stomatal conductance. Intrinsic WUE remained almost stable until July and increased during August under the most stressful conditions. PSII photochemistry was not affected by soil salinity. Biomass yield was not different from the control until to soil ECe 12.0 dS m–1: only the most stressed treatment (15.5 dS m–1) caused yield losses (50%). Tolerance threshold to salinity was 11.2 dS m–1 and the relative yield losses were 11.6% per dS m–1.

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The soil N cycle: new insights and key challenges

SOIL ◽

10.5194/soil-1-235-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 235-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

J. W. van Groenigen ◽

D. Huygens ◽

P. Boeckx ◽

Th. W. Kuyper ◽

I. M. Lubbers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

N Cycling ◽

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽

Future Research ◽

N Fixation ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Soil N ◽

Personal View ◽

Total N ◽

N Cycle ◽

Soil N Cycle

Abstract. The study of soil N cycling processes has been, is, and will be at the centre of attention in soil science research. The importance of N as a nutrient for all biota; the ever-increasing rates of its anthropogenic input in terrestrial (agro)ecosystems; its resultant losses to the environment; and the complexity of the biological, physical, and chemical factors that regulate N cycling processes all contribute to the necessity of further understanding, measuring, and altering the soil N cycle. Here, we review important insights with respect to the soil N cycle that have been made over the last decade, and present a personal view on the key challenges of future research. We identify three key challenges with respect to basic N cycling processes producing gaseous emissions: 1. quantifying the importance of nitrifier denitrification and its main controlling factors; 2. characterizing the greenhouse gas mitigation potential and microbiological basis for N2O consumption; 3. characterizing hotspots and hot moments of denitrification Furthermore, we identified a key challenge with respect to modelling: 1. disentangling gross N transformation rates using advanced 15N / 18O tracing models Finally, we propose four key challenges related to how ecological interactions control N cycling processes: 1. linking functional diversity of soil fauna to N cycling processes beyond mineralization; 2. determining the functional relationship between root traits and soil N cycling; 3. characterizing the control that different types of mycorrhizal symbioses exert on N cycling; 4. quantifying the contribution of non-symbiotic pathways to total N fixation fluxes in natural systems We postulate that addressing these challenges will constitute a comprehensive research agenda with respect to the N cycle for the next decade. Such an agenda would help us to meet future challenges on food and energy security, biodiversity conservation, water and air quality, and climate stability.

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