scholarly journals LIFE+IPNOA mobile prototype for the monitoring of soil N2O emissions from arable crops: first-year results on durum wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bosco ◽  
Iride Volpi ◽  
Nicoletta Nassi o Di Nasso ◽  
Federico Triana ◽  
Neri Roncucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
First Year ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Fertilisation Rate ◽  
Set Up

Agricultural activities are co-responsible for the emission of the most important greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). Development of methodologies to improve monitoring techniques for N<sub>2</sub>O are still needful. The LIFE+IPNOA project aims to improve the emissions monitoring of nitrous oxide from agricultural soils and to identify the agricultural practices that can limit N<sub>2</sub>O production. In order to achieve this objective, both a mobile and a stationary instrument were developed and validated. Several experimental field trials were set up in two different sites investigating the most representative crops of Tuscany (Central Italy), namely durum wheat, maize, sunflower, tomato and faba bean. The field trials were realized in order to test the effect on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions of key factors: tillage intensity, nitrogen fertiliser rate and irrigation. The field trial on durum wheat was set up in 2013 to test the effect of tillage intensity (minimum and conventional tillage) and nitrogen fertilisation rate (0, 110, 170 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>) on soil N<sub>2</sub>O flux. Monitoring was carried out using the IPNOA mobile prototype. Preliminary results on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions for the durum wheat growing season showed that mean daily N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes ranged from –0.13 to 6.43 mg m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> and cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions over the period ranged from 827 to 2340 g N<sub>2</sub>O-N ha<sup>-1</sup>. Tillage did not affect N<sub>2</sub>O flux while increasing nitrogen fertilisation rate resulted to significantly increase N2O emissions. The IPNOA mobile prototype performed well during this first year of monitoring, allowing to catch both very low fluxes and peaks on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions after nitrogen supply, showing a good suitability to the field conditions.

scholarly journals Biochar's effect on soil nitrous oxide emissions from a maize field with lime-adjusted pH treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 793-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hüppi ◽  
R. Felber ◽  
A. Neftel ◽  
J. Six ◽  
J. Leifeld
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Biochar, a carbon-rich, porous pyrolysis product of organic residues may positively affect plant yield and can, owing to its inherent stability, promote soil carbon sequestration when amended to agricultural soils. Another possible effect of biochar is the reduction in emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). A number of laboratory incubations have shown significantly reduced N2O emissions from soil when mixed with biochar. Emission measurements under field conditions however are more scarce and show weaker or no reductions, or even increases in N2O emissions. One of the hypothesized mechanisms for reduced N2O emissions from soil is owing to the increase in soil pH following the application of alkaline biochar. To test the effect of biochar on N2O emissions in a temperate maize system, we set up a field trial with a 20 t ha−1 biochar treatment, a limestone treatment adjusted to the same pH as the biochar treatment, and a control treatment without any addition. An automated static chamber system measured N2O emissions for each replicate plot (n = 3) every 3.6 h over the course of 8 months. The field was conventionally fertilised at a rate of 160 kg-N ha−1 in 3 applications of 40, 80 and 40 kg-N ha−1. Cumulative N2O emissions were 53 % smaller in the biochar compared to the control treatment. However, the effect of the treatments overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.26) because of the large variability in the dataset. Limed soils emitted similar mean cumulative amounts of N2O as the control. This indicates that the observed N2O reduction effect of biochar was not caused by a pH effect.

scholarly journals As durum wheat productivity is affected by nitrogen fertilisation management in Central Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ercoli ◽  
Alessandro Masoni ◽  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
Marco Mariotti ◽  
Iduna Arduini
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation

scholarly journals Assessment on Nitrous oxide (N2O) Emissions of Korea Agricultural Soils in 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Cheol Jeong ◽  
Gun-Yeob Kim ◽  
Deog-Bae Lee ◽  
Kyo-Moon Shim ◽  
Seul-Bi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
N2o Emissions

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide production in boreal soils with variable organic matter content at low temperature – snow manipulation experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5305-5337 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maljanen ◽  
P. Virkajärvi ◽  
J. Hytönen ◽  
M. Öquist ◽  
T. Sparrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Snow Manipulation ◽  
Boreal Soils

Abstract. Agricultural soils are the most important sources for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), which is produced and emitted from soil also at low temperatures. The processes behind emissions at low temperatures are still poorly known. To simulate the effects of a reduction in snow depth on N2O emission in warming climate, snow pack was removed from three different agricultural soils (sand, mull, peat). Removal of snow lowered soil temperature and increased the extent and duration of soil frost which led to enhanced N2O emissions during freezing and thawing events in sand and mull soils. The cumulative emissions during the first year when snow was removed over the whole winter were 0.25, 0.66 and 3.0 g N2O-N m−2 yr−1 in control plots of sand, mull and peat soils, respectively. Without snow cover the respectively cumulative emissions were 0.37, 1.3 and 3.3 g N2O-N m−2 yr−1. Shorter snow manipulation during the second year did not increase the annual emissions. Only 20% of the N2O emission occurred during the growing season. Thus, highlighting the importance of the winter season for this exchange and that the year-round measurements of N2O emissions from boreal soils are integral for estimating their N2O source strength. N2O accumulated in the frozen soil during winter and the soil N2O concentration correlated with the depth of frost but not with the winter N2O emission rates per se. Also laboratory incubations of soil samples showed high production rates of N2O at temperatures below 0°C, especially in the sand and peat soils.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN VOIVODESHIPS IN POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (4) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Anna Jędrejek
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Winter Triticale

The purpose of this study was to estimate nitrogen oxide emissions from soils used for agricultural purposes by voivodships. Compared N2O emissions were estimated according to the recommended IPCC (tier 1) method with simulated emissions using the DNDC (tier 3) model. Analyses were done for crop rotation (winter rape, winter wheat, winter wheat, winter triticale) in four cropping systems. Moreover, simulated N2O emissions from winter rape and winter triticale cultivation showed lower emissions and constituted 1475% and 13-76% of IPCC estimated emissions, respectively. The use of the model also enabled the determination of factors, which have an impact on nitrous oxide emissions and define its regional differentiation. The analysis showed that with increasing initial soil organic content, emissions of N2O rise and decrease with increasing precipitation or carbon sequestration. Considering the requirements for reduction GHG emissions, improving the methodology used in estimating nitrous oxide emissions is of significant practical value.

scholarly journals Grazing under Irrigation Affects N2O-Emissions Substantially in South Africa

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Hendrik P. J. Smit ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Pieter A. Swanepoel ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
Friedhelm Taube
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Fertilized agricultural soils serve as a primary source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. In South Africa, there is a paucity of data on N2O emissions from fertilized, irrigated dairy-pasture systems and emission factors (EF) associated with the amount of N applied. A first study aiming to quantify direct N2O emissions and associated EFs of intensive pasture-based dairy systems in sub-Sahara Africa was conducted in South Africa. Field trials were conducted to evaluate fertilizer rates (0, 220, 440, 660, and 880 kg N ha−1 year−1) on N2O emissions from irrigated kikuyu–perennial ryegrass (Pennisetum clandestinum–Lolium perenne) pastures. The static chamber method was used to collect weekly N2O samples for one year. The highest daily N2O fluxes occurred in spring (0.99 kg ha−1 day−1) and summer (1.52 kg ha−1 day−1). Accumulated N2O emissions ranged between 2.45 and 15.5 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1 and EFs for mineral fertilizers applied had an average of 0.9%. Nitrogen in yielded herbage varied between 582 and 900 kg N ha−1. There was no positive effect on growth of pasture herbage from adding N at high rates. The relationship between N balance and annual N2O emissions was exponential, which indicated that excessive fertilization of N will add directly to N2O emissions from the pastures. Results from this study could update South Africa’s greenhouse gas inventory more accurately to facilitate Tier 3 estimates.

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions from Forests, Grasslands and Agricultural Soils in Northern Spain

2020 ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eréndira Calleja-Cervantes ◽  
Ximena Huerfano ◽  
Iskander Barrena ◽  
José María Estavillo ◽  
Pedro M. Aparicio-Tejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Northern Spain

Effects of copper on nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction in denitrifiers and N2O emissions from agricultural soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weishou Shen ◽  
Huaiwen Xue ◽  
Nan Gao ◽  
Yutaka Shiratori ◽  
Takehiro Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N2o Reduction

scholarly journals Factors That Influence Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Well as Their Representation in Simulation Models: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Barbara Amon ◽  
Karsten Schulz ◽  
Bano Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Impact Factor ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Emissions of N2O mainly stem from agricultural soils. This review highlights the principal factors from peer-reviewed literature affecting N2O emissions from agricultural soils, by grouping the factors into three categories: environmental, management and measurement. Within these categories, each impact factor is explained in detail and its influence on N2O emissions from the soil is summarized. It is also shown how each impact factor influences other impact factors. Process-based simulation models used for estimating N2O emissions are reviewed regarding their ability to consider the impact factors in simulating N2O. The model strengths and weaknesses in simulating N2O emissions from managed soils are summarized. Finally, three selected process-based simulation models (Daily Century (DAYCENT), DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC), and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)) are discussed that are widely used to simulate N2O emissions from cropping systems. Their ability to simulate N2O emissions is evaluated by describing the model components that are relevant to N2O processes and their representation in the model.

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