scholarly journals Biochar's effect on soil nitrous oxide emissions from a maize field with lime-adjusted pH treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 793-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hüppi ◽  
R. Felber ◽  
A. Neftel ◽  
J. Six ◽  
J. Leifeld
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Biochar, a carbon-rich, porous pyrolysis product of organic residues may positively affect plant yield and can, owing to its inherent stability, promote soil carbon sequestration when amended to agricultural soils. Another possible effect of biochar is the reduction in emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). A number of laboratory incubations have shown significantly reduced N2O emissions from soil when mixed with biochar. Emission measurements under field conditions however are more scarce and show weaker or no reductions, or even increases in N2O emissions. One of the hypothesized mechanisms for reduced N2O emissions from soil is owing to the increase in soil pH following the application of alkaline biochar. To test the effect of biochar on N2O emissions in a temperate maize system, we set up a field trial with a 20 t ha−1 biochar treatment, a limestone treatment adjusted to the same pH as the biochar treatment, and a control treatment without any addition. An automated static chamber system measured N2O emissions for each replicate plot (n = 3) every 3.6 h over the course of 8 months. The field was conventionally fertilised at a rate of 160 kg-N ha−1 in 3 applications of 40, 80 and 40 kg-N ha−1. Cumulative N2O emissions were 53 % smaller in the biochar compared to the control treatment. However, the effect of the treatments overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.26) because of the large variability in the dataset. Limed soils emitted similar mean cumulative amounts of N2O as the control. This indicates that the observed N2O reduction effect of biochar was not caused by a pH effect.

scholarly journals Effect of biochar and liming on soil nitrous oxide emissions from a temperate maize cropping system

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hüppi ◽  
R. Felber ◽  
A. Neftel ◽  
J. Six ◽  
J. Leifeld
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Large Variability

Abstract. Biochar, a carbon-rich, porous pyrolysis product of organic residues may positively affect plant yield and can, owing to its inherent stability, promote soil carbon sequestration when amended to agricultural soils. Another possible effect of biochar is the reduction in emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). A number of laboratory incubations have shown significantly reduced N2O emissions from soil when mixed with biochar. Emission measurements under field conditions however are more scarce and show weaker or no reductions, or even increases in N2O emissions. One of the hypothesised mechanisms for reduced N2O emissions from soil is owing to the increase in soil pH following the application of alkaline biochar. To test the effect of biochar on N2O emissions in a temperate maize cropping system, we set up a field trial with a 20t ha−1 biochar treatment, a limestone treatment adjusted to the same pH as the biochar treatment (pH 6.5), and a control treatment without any addition (pH 6.1). An automated static chamber system measured N2O emissions for each replicate plot (n = 3) every 3.6 h over the course of 8 months. The field was conventionally fertilised at a rate of 160 kg N ha−1 in three applications of 40, 80 and 40 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate. Cumulative N2O emissions were 52 % smaller in the biochar compared to the control treatment. However, the effect of the treatments overall was not statistically significant (p = 0.27) because of the large variability in the data set. Limed soils emitted similar mean cumulative amounts of N2O as the control. There is no evidence that reduced N2O emissions with biochar relative to the control is solely caused by a higher soil pH.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN VOIVODESHIPS IN POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (4) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Anna Jędrejek
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Winter Triticale

The purpose of this study was to estimate nitrogen oxide emissions from soils used for agricultural purposes by voivodships. Compared N2O emissions were estimated according to the recommended IPCC (tier 1) method with simulated emissions using the DNDC (tier 3) model. Analyses were done for crop rotation (winter rape, winter wheat, winter wheat, winter triticale) in four cropping systems. Moreover, simulated N2O emissions from winter rape and winter triticale cultivation showed lower emissions and constituted 1475% and 13-76% of IPCC estimated emissions, respectively. The use of the model also enabled the determination of factors, which have an impact on nitrous oxide emissions and define its regional differentiation. The analysis showed that with increasing initial soil organic content, emissions of N2O rise and decrease with increasing precipitation or carbon sequestration. Considering the requirements for reduction GHG emissions, improving the methodology used in estimating nitrous oxide emissions is of significant practical value.

scholarly journals Factors That Influence Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Well as Their Representation in Simulation Models: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Barbara Amon ◽  
Karsten Schulz ◽  
Bano Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Impact Factor ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Emissions of N2O mainly stem from agricultural soils. This review highlights the principal factors from peer-reviewed literature affecting N2O emissions from agricultural soils, by grouping the factors into three categories: environmental, management and measurement. Within these categories, each impact factor is explained in detail and its influence on N2O emissions from the soil is summarized. It is also shown how each impact factor influences other impact factors. Process-based simulation models used for estimating N2O emissions are reviewed regarding their ability to consider the impact factors in simulating N2O. The model strengths and weaknesses in simulating N2O emissions from managed soils are summarized. Finally, three selected process-based simulation models (Daily Century (DAYCENT), DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC), and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)) are discussed that are widely used to simulate N2O emissions from cropping systems. Their ability to simulate N2O emissions is evaluated by describing the model components that are relevant to N2O processes and their representation in the model.

Effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) on nitrous oxide emissions from cow urine deposited on a pasture soil, as influenced by DCD application method and rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Luo ◽  
S. Ledgard ◽  
B. Wise ◽  
S. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Urine Patch ◽  
Reduction Effect

Animal urine deposited on pastoral soils during grazing is recognised as a dominant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), is a potential mitigation technology to control N2O emissions from urine patches on grazed pastures. One delivery option is to include DCD in animal feed so that the DCD is targeted directly in the urine patch when excreted in the animal urine. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that DCD in urine, excreted by cows that were orally administered with DCD, would have the same effect as DCD added to urine after the urine is excreted. The study also aimed to determine the most effective DCD rate for reducing N2O emissions. Fresh dairy cow urine (700 kg N per ha) was applied to a free-draining silt loam pastoral soil in Waikato, New Zealand, in May (late autumn) or July (winter) of 2014, and was mixed with DCD at rates of 0, 10, 30 and 60 kg/ha. In late autumn, there was an equivalent treatment of urine (containing 60 kg DCD per ha) from DCD-treated cows. A static chamber technique was used to determine gaseous N2O emissions. An annual emission factor (EF3; the percentage of applied urine N lost as N2O-N) of 0.23% or 0.21% was found following late-autumn or winter applications of urine without DCD. Late-autumn application of urine containing DCD from oral administration to cows had the same significant reduction effect on N2O emissions as did DCD that was mixed with urine after excretion, at the equivalent DCD application rate of 60 kg/ha. Application of urine with DCD mixed with the urine after excretion at varying DCD rates showed a significant (P < 0.05) linear decrease in both N2O emissions and EF3 values.

scholarly journals LIFE+IPNOA mobile prototype for the monitoring of soil N2O emissions from arable crops: first-year results on durum wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bosco ◽  
Iride Volpi ◽  
Nicoletta Nassi o Di Nasso ◽  
Federico Triana ◽  
Neri Roncucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
First Year ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Fertilisation Rate ◽  
Set Up

Agricultural activities are co-responsible for the emission of the most important greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). Development of methodologies to improve monitoring techniques for N<sub>2</sub>O are still needful. The LIFE+IPNOA project aims to improve the emissions monitoring of nitrous oxide from agricultural soils and to identify the agricultural practices that can limit N<sub>2</sub>O production. In order to achieve this objective, both a mobile and a stationary instrument were developed and validated. Several experimental field trials were set up in two different sites investigating the most representative crops of Tuscany (Central Italy), namely durum wheat, maize, sunflower, tomato and faba bean. The field trials were realized in order to test the effect on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions of key factors: tillage intensity, nitrogen fertiliser rate and irrigation. The field trial on durum wheat was set up in 2013 to test the effect of tillage intensity (minimum and conventional tillage) and nitrogen fertilisation rate (0, 110, 170 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>) on soil N<sub>2</sub>O flux. Monitoring was carried out using the IPNOA mobile prototype. Preliminary results on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions for the durum wheat growing season showed that mean daily N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes ranged from –0.13 to 6.43 mg m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> and cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions over the period ranged from 827 to 2340 g N<sub>2</sub>O-N ha<sup>-1</sup>. Tillage did not affect N<sub>2</sub>O flux while increasing nitrogen fertilisation rate resulted to significantly increase N2O emissions. The IPNOA mobile prototype performed well during this first year of monitoring, allowing to catch both very low fluxes and peaks on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions after nitrogen supply, showing a good suitability to the field conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrification rates and associated nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils – a synopsis

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Farquharson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Aerobic Conditions

Laboratory incubations were performed to estimate nitrification rates and the associated nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions under aerobic conditions on a range of soils from National Agricultural Nitrous Oxide Research Program field sites. Significant site-to-site variability in nitrification rates and associated N2O emissions was observed under standardised conditions, indicating the need for site-specific model parameterisation. Generally, nitrification rates and N2O emissions increased with higher water content, ammonium concentration and temperature, although there were exceptions. It is recommended that site-specific model parameterisation be informed by such data. Importantly, the ratio of N2O emitted to net nitrified N under aerobic conditions was small (<0.2% for the majority of measurements) but did vary from 0.03% to 1%. Some models now include variation in the proportion of nitrified N emitted as N2O as a function of water content; however, strong support for this was not found across all of our experiments, and the results demonstrate a potential role of pH and ammonium availability. Further research into fluctuating oxygen availability and the coupling of biotic and abiotic processes will be required to progress the process understanding of N2O emissions from nitrification.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrothermally Carbonized Hemp Dust on the Soil Emissions of CO2 and N2O

BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3210-3223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Dicke ◽  
Carsten Lühr ◽  
Ruth Ellerbrock ◽  
Jan Mumme ◽  
Jürgen Kern
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fiber Processing

The impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions when applying hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) char to soil was investigated in a laboratory experiment with two HTC chars made from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) dust and incubated for 131 d. Two fractions of hemp dust were collected during fiber processing (from fractionation and suction) and were carbonized at 230 °C for 6 h in water. Non-treated and water-washed HTC chars were used in incubation experiments, doubling the carbon concentration of the soil. As a result of adding HTC char to soil, CO2 emissions increased significantly in all cases compared to the control treatment. Washing the HTC chars easily removed dissolvable carbon (C) compounds, which significantly decreased CO2 emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions, following the incorporation of HTC char, did not differ from those of the control sample; however, washed HTC char treatments tended to emit less N2O than the corresponding unwashed samples. Hydrothermally carbonized char obtained from the suction of dust may play a greater role as a soil conditioner than HTC char from dust by fractionation because dust from suction accumulates to a larger degree during hemp fiber processing.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emission reduction in temperate biochar-amended soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Felber ◽  
R. Hüppi ◽  
J. Leifeld ◽  
A. Neftel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Glucose Addition

Abstract. Biochar, a pyrolysis product of organic residues, is an amendment for agricultural soils to improve soil fertility, sequester CO2 and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In highly weathered tropical soils laboratory incubations of soil-biochar mixtures revealed substantial reductions for nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In contrast, evidence is scarce for temperate soils. In a three-factorial laboratory incubation experiment two different temperate agricultural soils were amended with green waste and coffee grounds biochar. N2O and CO2 emissions were measured at the beginning and end of a three month incubation. The experiments were conducted under three different conditions (no additional nutrients, glucose addition, and nitrate and glucose addition) representing different field conditions. We found mean N2O emission reductions of 60 % compared to soils without addition of biochar. The reduction depended on biochar type and soil type as well as on the age of the samples. CO2 emissions were slightly reduced, too. NO3– but not NH4+ concentrations were significantly reduced shortly after biochar incorporation. Despite the highly significant suppression of N2O emissions biochar effects should not be transferred one-to-one to field conditions but need to be tested accordingly.

Testing the DNDC model using N2O emissions at two experimental sites in Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
W N Smith ◽  
R L Desjardins ◽  
B. Grant ◽  
C. Li ◽  
R. Lemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ipcc Methodology ◽  
Key Words Nitrous Oxide

Measured data from two experimental sites in Canada were used to test the ability of the DeNitrification and DeComposition model (DNDC) to predict N2O emissions from agricultural soils. The two sites, one from eastern Canada, and one from western Canada, provided a variety of crops, management practices, soils, and climates for testing the model. At the site in eastern Canada, the magnitude of total seasonal N2O flux from the seven treatments was accurately predicted with a slight average over-prediction (ARE) of 3% and a coefficient of variation of 41%. Nitrous oxide emissions based on International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) methodology had a relative error of 62% for the seven treatments. The DNDC estimates of total yearly emissions of N2O from the field site in western Canada showed an underestimation of 8% for the footslope landscape position and an overestimation of 46% for the shoulder position. The data input for the DNDC model were not of sufficient detail to characterize the moisture difference between the landscape positions. The estimates from IPCC guidelines showed an underestimation of 54% for the footslope and an overestimation of 161% for the shoulder. The results indicate that the DNDC model was more accurate than IPCC methodology at estimating N2O emissions at both sites. Key words: Nitrous oxide, DNDC, soil model, greenhouse gas, testing

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document