scholarly journals Effects of different methods to control the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel in processing tomato crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Disciglio ◽  
Francesco Lops ◽  
Antonia Carlucci ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta ◽  
Annalisa Tarantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa

The root-parasitic weed <em>Phelipanche ramosa</em> (L.) Pomel represents a major problem for processing tomato crops. The control of this holoparasitic plant is difficult, and better understanding of treatment methods is needed to develop new and specific control strategies. This study investigated 12 agronomic, chemical, biological and biotechnological strategies for the control of this parasitic weed, in comparison with the untreated situation. The trial was carried out in 2014 at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Environment of the University of Foggia (southern Italy), using processing tomato plants grown in pots filled with soil from a field that was heavily infested with <em>P. ramosa</em>. After transplantation, top dressing was performed with 70 kg ha<sup>–1</sup> nitrogen. A randomised block design with 3 replicates (pots) was adopted. During the growing cycle of the tomato, at 70, 75, 81 and 88 days after transplantation, the number of parasitic shoots (branched plants) that had emerged in each pot was determined, and the leaf chlorophyll of the plants was measured using a soil-plantanalysis- development meter. At harvesting on 8 August 2014, the major quanti-qualitative yield parameters were determined, including marketable yield, mean weight, dry matter, soluble solids, and fruit colour. The results show lower chlorophyll levels in the parasitised tomato plants, compared to healthy plants. None of the treatments provided complete control against P. ramosa. However, among the methods tested, Radicon® biostimulant (Radicon, Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL, USA), compost activated with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, nitrogen and sulphur mineral fertilisers, Enzone<sup>TM</sup> soil fumigant (Elliott Chemicals Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand), and a resistant tomato genotype mitigated the virulence of the attacks of this parasite. These effects should be improved by combining some of these treatments, especially for gradual and continued reduction in the <em>seed bank</em> of the parasite in the soil. For the tomato yields across the different treatments, there were no significant differences seen; however, the yields showed an improving trend for treatments with lower presence of the <em>P. ramosa</em> weed.

scholarly journals Effect of intra-row spacing on plant growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) varieties at mizan-aman, southwestern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Abriham ◽  
Demelash Kefale
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Number Of Branches

The productivity of tomato is influenced mainly by environmental factors, agronomic practices and cultivar potential. Accordingly, a field experiment was conducted at Mizan-Aman, southern Ethiopia in  2016/ 2017 to evaluate the effect of intra-row spacing (20, 30, 40 and 50 cm) on the performance of three tomato varieties(Fetan, Bishola and Roma VF) with the constant inter-row spacing of 70 cm in completely randomized block design with three replications. Data on crop phenology, growth performance, yield and quality parameters were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS version-9 software. Results of the study indicated that both intra-row spacing and variety had a significant effect on phenology as well as parameters including; the number of branches, the number of fruit cluster and fruit per plant, fruit weight, total fruit yield, marketable and unmarketable yield and total soluble solids (TSS). However, the number of fruits per cluster, fruit shape index, titratable acidity (TA) and pH were significantly different only among varieties, while plant height was significantly affected by intra-row spacing. Closer spacing enhanced early maturity, while wider intra-row (50 cm) produced a maximum number of branches, cluster and fruits per plant, fruit weight, unmarketable yield and TSS. Generally, 20 and 30 cm intra-row spacing was found to be suitable for the production of maximum total and marketable yield. From the three tomato varieties, Fetan was early maturing with the highest total and marketable yield. The varieties were also significantly different in fruit weight, with the highest value obtained from Bishola followed by Fetan. The outcome of this study revealed that, the intra-row spacing of.30 cm and variety Fetan could be promoted for production in Mizan-Aman and similar agro-ecologies.

scholarly journals Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on yield and quality of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Bilalis ◽  
Magdalini Krokida ◽  
Ioannis Roussis ◽  
Panayiota Papastylianou ◽  
Ilias Travlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Organically Grown

Abstract The demand for organically grown products is increasing because many people are concerned about the environment and believe that organic products are healthier than conventional ones. Some studies have shown that organically produced tomato fruits contain higher levels of antioxidants, polyphenols and carotenoids than those produced conventionally. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic fertilization on agronomic and quality characteristics of the processing tomato. The 2-year experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, with three replications and three fertilization treatments (untreated, compost and inorganic fertilizer). The results showed that the highest fruit number per plant (98.5), average fruit weight (63.6 g) and fruit yield (168.0 t ha−1) were obtained under inorganic fertilization. The highest total soluble solids (4.39 °Brix) and total soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio (17.4), L* (43.4) and a* (35.4) values, as well as the highest lycopene content (88.5 mg kg−1 f.w). were achieved through the application of organic fertilizer. Significantly higher total soluble solids and total soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio in organically grown tomatoes are particularly important to the processing tomato industry. Finally, the highest lycopene content produced under organic fertilization as well as the non-significant difference between the organic and conventional tomatoes in terms of lycopene yield make organic processing tomatoes suitable for lycopene production.

scholarly journals Nitrate/ammonium ratio effect on the growth, yield and foliar anatomy of grafted tomato plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Armando Hernández Pérez ◽  
Juana Cruz García Santiago ◽  
Valentin Robledo Torres ◽  
Alonso Méndez López ◽  
Alberto Sandoval Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Experimental Block

The vigorous behaviour of a rootstock modifies the growth and yield of a plant variety or hybrid, altering the plant nutritional requirements. The purpose of this work was to study four ratios of NO3–/NH4+ (100/0, 92/8, 85/15 and 80/20%) over the growth, leaf anatomy and yield of grafted and ungrafted tomato plants. We used a fully randomised experimental block design with factorial arrangement of 2 × 4 (grafted and ungrafted plants and four ratios of NO3–/NH4+), on eight treatments in total with four replicates each, using Tukey’s mean comparison test (P ≤ 0.05). The rootstock was ‘Silex’ by Fito Seeds, with the ‘El Arrojado’ graft (variety) by Gene Seeds. The graft produced an increase in growth, dry biomass production, stomatal density, trichome number, epidermal cell density, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids, in comparison with the ungrafted tomato plants. In most of the assessed variables, the grafted tomato plants gave their best response at an 85/15% NO3–/NH4+ ratio; while the ungrafted plants performed better at a 92/8% NO3–/NH4+ ratio. The response of the grafted plants to the different NO3–/NH4+ ratios suggests that grafting induces tolerance to NH4+.

scholarly journals Effects of Tomato Pomace Composts on Yield and Quality of Processing Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
Antigolena FOLINA ◽  
Aristidis KONSTANTAS ◽  
Ilias TRAVLOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Tomato Pomace ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Humus Soil

Organic farming encourages the use of organic waste materials as substitutes for chemical fertilizers. Tomato pomace presents an alternative to inorganic fertilizer. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of tomato pomace composts and nitrogen fertilization on agronomic and quality parameters of the processing tomato. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and five fertilization treatments (untreated, nitrogen fertilizer, tomato pomace with biocyclic humus soil, tomato pomace with manure and tomato pomace with plant residues). The results showed that the highest average fruit weight and fruit yield (163.4 t/ha) were found in plots subjected to nitrogen fertilization, while the highest total soluble solids content (4.29 °Brix), and L* and a* colour parameters, important quality parameters to processing tomato industry, were obtained through the application of tomato pomace mixed with biocyclic humus soil making organic tomatoes suitable for processing tomato industry.

scholarly journals Use of Olive-Mill Wastewater for the Containment of Phelipanche ramosa in Open Field of Processing Tomato Crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
Francesco Lops ◽  
◽  
Antonia Carlucci ◽  
Laura Frabboni ◽  
Annalisa Tarantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa ◽  
Olive Mill

Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel is a root holoparasitic weed that infested many crops, particularly the processing tomato. In semi-arid regions of the world, this problem is increasing, both in intensity and in acreages. In the last few years, researches for the control of this parasite has increased its effort to use suitable methods, as well as the utilization of natural compounds. In this regard, four experimental trials were carried out over three growing seasons (2014, 2016 and 2017), at Foggia (Apulia Region, Southern Italy), in the open field, on processing tomato (cv. “Dres”) crop, infested by P. ramosa, where the olive-mill wastewater (OMW) was incorporated into the soil at the dose of 80 m3 ha-1 40 days prior to tomato seedling transplant in comparison with the untreated control. The numbers of P. ramosa emerged shoots (branched plants) were significantly lower in the OMW treatment than in the untreated control. The tomato marketable yield showed a significantly higher value in the OMW treatment than the untreated control. No significant differences for the fruit qualitative characteristics were observed.

scholarly journals Effect of Biocyclic Humus Soil on Yield and Quality Parameters of Processing Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lydia Dorothea EISENBACH ◽  
Antigolena FOLINA ◽  
Charikleia ZISI ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Ioanna TABAXI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Humus Soil

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biocyclic humus soil, a newly found apparently carbon stabilized form of organic matter with significantly different characteristics from common composts or other forms of organic matter (humus), on yield and quality of processing tomato. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications and three fertilization treatments (untreated, inorganic fertilizer and biocyclic humus soil). The highest fruit yield (116.8 t/ha) was obtained by using biocyclic humus soil. There were no treatment effects on fruit firmness (4.34-4.60 kg/cm2), total soluble solids (4.29-4.76 °Brix) and total acidity (0.25-0.31 g citric acid/100 g fruit) content of fruits. In conclusion, the tomato plants grown in biocyclic humus soil had 45% more yield than in conventional plots, and this big difference is probably related to the fact that the humus soil as a substrate provides an optimum environment for plant growth.

scholarly journals 450 Effects of Transplant Production and Handling Practices on Processing Tomato Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 471C-471
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
E.M. Miyao ◽  
C. Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Crop Maturity

Three field trials were conducted in central California in 1999 to assess the effects of transplant production and handling practices on yield, crop maturity, and fruit quality of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). For each trial, transplants of `Halley' tomato were obtained from a variety of commercial greenhouse transplant growers and subjected to various conditioning treatments during the week prior to planting. These treatments included N and/or P fertilization, varying temperature exposure or degree of water stress, or storage in the dark for 2 days before transplanting to simulate shipment from greenhouse to field. Nine transplant treatments (combinations of transplant source and conditioning treatment) were evaluated in each trial, with five 30 m long single-row plots per treatment arranged in a randomized complete-block design. Plots were mechanically harvested. Despite large differences among treatments in initial transplant characteristics (plant height, root cell volume, macronutrient content), there were no significant treatment differences in fruit yield in two trials; in the third trial, one treatment had significantly lower yield than the highest yielding treatment. In no trial were treatment differences in crop maturity (percent green fruit) or fruit quality (soluble solids content or juice color) significant. Across trials, the only transplant characteristic positively correlated with relative fruit yield (treatment yield/mean yield of that trial) was shoot P concentration, which varied among treatments from 1.3 to 11.7 g·kg–1.

scholarly journals Sweet Corn Variety Trials in Ohio: Recent Top Performers and Suggestions for Future Evaluations

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Top Performers ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
High Level

A total of 21 and 28 standard and experimental varieties of yellow and white se- and sh2-type sweet corn (Zea mays) were planted in 1999 and 2000 in Fremont and Wooster, Ohio, which are separated by 193.1 km (120 miles) and contain different soil types. Data are reported here for a subset of these varieties (eight yellow, two white) showing a consistently high level of use in Ohio and planted in both years. Endosperm types were planted in distinct, parallel experiments separated by a minimum of 79.9 m (262 ft) at each site. A randomized complete block design with four replications per variety (V) per location (L) was used, with measures of 13 production- and market-based variables taken from emergence to 48 hours after harvest. Soluble solids 48 hours after harvest were greater at Wooster than Fremont in the sh2 study. Variety had a significant, independent effect on mean plant and ear height in the se and sh2 study, respectively, although further analysis of year × variety (Y × V) and location × variety (L × V) interactions suggested that V affected additional traits. On average, `Tuxedo' (se) and `HMX6383S' (sh2) had superior com-binations of grower- and consumer-oriented traits. However, varieties with the highest levels of percent emergence and marketable yield tended to have lower levels of soluble solids, regardless of endosperm type. Y × V interactions were primarily due to changes in the magnitude of values for individual varieties in each year, not from changes in their relative ranking. The Y × L × V interaction was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for marketable yield, plant and ear height, and the ratio of ear length to diameter in the se study, but zero variables in the sh2 study. Coefficients of determination (R2) for selected plant and ear traits were unaffected by location. Overall, R2 values ranged from 0.04 (number of rows of kernels × ear diameter, sh2 study) to 0.83 (shank length × total ear length, sh2 study). These data reinforce that genetics strongly affect key traits in sweet corn and identify two potential top performers. The data also suggest that independent L or L × V effects may be minor relative to V effects, even when locations are separated by moderate distances and contain different soil types. Therefore, including more varieties but fewer sites may be warranted in future variety trials. The data also suggest that 1) ratings of variety performance should be based on objective measures of grower- and market-oriented traits and 2) shank length × total ear length and ear height × plant height relationships may be used to improve the efficiency of future evaluations.

scholarly journals Microirrigation Equipment for Okra Cultivation in the U.S. Virgin Islands

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi ◽  
Thomas C. Geiger ◽  
Jayar Greenidge ◽  
Shamali Dennery ◽  
Stuart A. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Drip Line ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The U.S

Drip irrigation presents higher distribution efficiency than sprinkler irrigation. Proper system design and the use of pressure-compensating emitters have important roles in irrigation uniformity and efficiency, which directly affect plant growth. This study evaluated the performance of four pressure-compensating and noncompensating emitters and the effects of these irrigation equipment on the yield of three okra [Abelmoschus esculentus] varieties cultivated in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Trials were performed in two seasons (Spring and Fall 2016), and tested four types of irrigation equipment (flow control drip tape, thin wall drip line, thin wall drip tape, and heavy wall drip line) and three varieties of okra (‘Clemson Spineless 80’, ‘Clemson Spineless’, and ‘Chant’), arranged on a complete randomized block design with three replications. Irrigation was performed based on reference evapotranspiration and measured daily using an automated weather station. Soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil temperature were monitored using capacitance sensors. The ability of the irrigation equipment to increase pressure was evaluated in the laboratory, in experimental modules using clean water, and while simulating three different slopes (leveled, uphill, and downhill). In the field trial, yield and leaf physiological parameters were influenced by season (P < 0.05) and the percentage of the marketable yield was influenced by variety (P < 0.05); however, fruit morphological parameters and soluble solids content were variety-dependent (P < 0.01). The pressure-compensating emitters maintained water flow within the range indicated by the manufacturers when used within the recommended pressure range. Distribution uniformity decreased over time for all equipment except the heavy wall drip line in Fall 2016. Irrigation equipment did not impact okra morphological attributes and yield, indicating that the same productivity can be successfully maintained while improving irrigation efficiency. Equipment should be selected based on price and irrigation efficiency to reduce the amount of water used.

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