Sweet Corn Variety Trials in Ohio: Recent Top Performers and Suggestions for Future Evaluations

A total of 21 and 28 standard and experimental varieties of yellow and white se- and sh2-type sweet corn (Zea mays) were planted in 1999 and 2000 in Fremont and Wooster, Ohio, which are separated by 193.1 km (120 miles) and contain different soil types. Data are reported here for a subset of these varieties (eight yellow, two white) showing a consistently high level of use in Ohio and planted in both years. Endosperm types were planted in distinct, parallel experiments separated by a minimum of 79.9 m (262 ft) at each site. A randomized complete block design with four replications per variety (V) per location (L) was used, with measures of 13 production- and market-based variables taken from emergence to 48 hours after harvest. Soluble solids 48 hours after harvest were greater at Wooster than Fremont in the sh2 study. Variety had a significant, independent effect on mean plant and ear height in the se and sh2 study, respectively, although further analysis of year × variety (Y × V) and location × variety (L × V) interactions suggested that V affected additional traits. On average, `Tuxedo' (se) and `HMX6383S' (sh2) had superior com-binations of grower- and consumer-oriented traits. However, varieties with the highest levels of percent emergence and marketable yield tended to have lower levels of soluble solids, regardless of endosperm type. Y × V interactions were primarily due to changes in the magnitude of values for individual varieties in each year, not from changes in their relative ranking. The Y × L × V interaction was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for marketable yield, plant and ear height, and the ratio of ear length to diameter in the se study, but zero variables in the sh2 study. Coefficients of determination (R2) for selected plant and ear traits were unaffected by location. Overall, R2 values ranged from 0.04 (number of rows of kernels × ear diameter, sh2 study) to 0.83 (shank length × total ear length, sh2 study). These data reinforce that genetics strongly affect key traits in sweet corn and identify two potential top performers. The data also suggest that independent L or L × V effects may be minor relative to V effects, even when locations are separated by moderate distances and contain different soil types. Therefore, including more varieties but fewer sites may be warranted in future variety trials. The data also suggest that 1) ratings of variety performance should be based on objective measures of grower- and market-oriented traits and 2) shank length × total ear length and ear height × plant height relationships may be used to improve the efficiency of future evaluations.

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Effects of different methods to control the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel in processing tomato crops

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2016.681 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1s) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Grazia Disciglio ◽

Francesco Lops ◽

Antonia Carlucci ◽

Giuseppe Gatta ◽

Annalisa Tarantino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Block Design ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Parasitic Weed ◽

Complete Control ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Phelipanche Ramosa

The root-parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel represents a major problem for processing tomato crops. The control of this holoparasitic plant is difficult, and better understanding of treatment methods is needed to develop new and specific control strategies. This study investigated 12 agronomic, chemical, biological and biotechnological strategies for the control of this parasitic weed, in comparison with the untreated situation. The trial was carried out in 2014 at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Environment of the University of Foggia (southern Italy), using processing tomato plants grown in pots filled with soil from a field that was heavily infested with P. ramosa. After transplantation, top dressing was performed with 70 kg ha–1 nitrogen. A randomised block design with 3 replicates (pots) was adopted. During the growing cycle of the tomato, at 70, 75, 81 and 88 days after transplantation, the number of parasitic shoots (branched plants) that had emerged in each pot was determined, and the leaf chlorophyll of the plants was measured using a soil-plantanalysis- development meter. At harvesting on 8 August 2014, the major quanti-qualitative yield parameters were determined, including marketable yield, mean weight, dry matter, soluble solids, and fruit colour. The results show lower chlorophyll levels in the parasitised tomato plants, compared to healthy plants. None of the treatments provided complete control against P. ramosa. However, among the methods tested, Radicon® biostimulant (Radicon, Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL, USA), compost activated with Fusarium oxysporum, nitrogen and sulphur mineral fertilisers, EnzoneTM soil fumigant (Elliott Chemicals Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand), and a resistant tomato genotype mitigated the virulence of the attacks of this parasite. These effects should be improved by combining some of these treatments, especially for gradual and continued reduction in the seed bank of the parasite in the soil. For the tomato yields across the different treatments, there were no significant differences seen; however, the yields showed an improving trend for treatments with lower presence of the P. ramosa weed.

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Heterosis performance in industrial and yield components of sweet corn

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332010000300001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 183-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aracelle Assunção ◽

Edward Madureira Brasil ◽

Jaison Pereira de Oliveira ◽

Américo José dos Santos Reis ◽

André Ferreira Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Diallel Analysis ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Index Number ◽

Total Sugar Content ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Ear Height ◽

Industrial Yield

Heterosis and its components were evaluated in a diallel crossing system of sweet corn. In the 38 treatments, eigth parents, 28 hybrids and two controls were used, arranged in a randomized block design with three replications.The diallel analysis followed the methodology of Gardner and Eberhart (1966). The following traits were evaluated: male and female flowering, plant and ear height, ear index (number of ears/number of plants), ºBrix, total ear weight, standard ear weight, industrial yield and total sugar content. There was genetic variability among genotypes, with significant differences except for the traits ear index, industrial yield and ºBrix.Heterosis was found for most traits. The mean heterosis of hybrids compared with the parents was positive for most traits. There was a contribution of additive and dominance effects.The contribution of dominant genes was greatest to flowering, plant and ear height and standard ear weight.

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Effect of intra-row spacing on plant growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) varieties at mizan-aman, southwestern Ethiopia

International Journal of Agricultural Extension ◽

10.33687/ijae.008.01.3093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

Ashenafi Abriham ◽

Demelash Kefale

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Number Of Branches

The productivity of tomato is influenced mainly by environmental factors, agronomic practices and cultivar potential. Accordingly, a field experiment was conducted at Mizan-Aman, southern Ethiopia in 2016/ 2017 to evaluate the effect of intra-row spacing (20, 30, 40 and 50 cm) on the performance of three tomato varieties(Fetan, Bishola and Roma VF) with the constant inter-row spacing of 70 cm in completely randomized block design with three replications. Data on crop phenology, growth performance, yield and quality parameters were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS version-9 software. Results of the study indicated that both intra-row spacing and variety had a significant effect on phenology as well as parameters including; the number of branches, the number of fruit cluster and fruit per plant, fruit weight, total fruit yield, marketable and unmarketable yield and total soluble solids (TSS). However, the number of fruits per cluster, fruit shape index, titratable acidity (TA) and pH were significantly different only among varieties, while plant height was significantly affected by intra-row spacing. Closer spacing enhanced early maturity, while wider intra-row (50 cm) produced a maximum number of branches, cluster and fruits per plant, fruit weight, unmarketable yield and TSS. Generally, 20 and 30 cm intra-row spacing was found to be suitable for the production of maximum total and marketable yield. From the three tomato varieties, Fetan was early maturing with the highest total and marketable yield. The varieties were also significantly different in fruit weight, with the highest value obtained from Bishola followed by Fetan. The outcome of this study revealed that, the intra-row spacing of.30 cm and variety Fetan could be promoted for production in Mizan-Aman and similar agro-ecologies.

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Agronomic Response of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. var. rogusa) to Fermented Agar-agar (Eucheuma cottonii) and Methods of Application

International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS) ◽

10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v2i5p107 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

Jeffrey P. Villaver ◽

Elmierose Agan

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Corn Production ◽

Area Index ◽

Additional Information ◽

Surface Application ◽

Ear Height ◽

Main Plot ◽

Experimental Plots ◽

Methods Of Application

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of fermented agar-agar and the methods of application on the different agronomic parameters of sweet corn. Experimental plots were laid out using split-plot in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with rates of fermented agar-agar (FA) such as commercial organic foliar fertilizer (COFF), 20 ml L-1, 30 ml L-1, and 40 ml L-1 in the main plot and the methods of application - surface and sub-surface in the sub-plot. Indigenous microorganisms (IMO) 7 at the rate of 7.5 t ha-1 was applied as a base in all experimental plots. Results revealed that the FA and the methods of the application did not influence on the plant height, ear height, leaf area index (LAI), ear diameter, ear length, number of kernels per ear, number of rows, weight per ear, and ear yield (t ha-1). The interaction effects of fermented agar-agar and the methods of application influenced on the 50% tasselling of sweet corn. The combined effects of COFF and sub-surface application resulted in early tassel formation which is one day earlier compared to other treatment combinations. In terms of ear yield, COFF produced the heaviest weight at 12.05 t ha-1 while sub-surface application produced the heaviest weight at 11.10 t ha-1. Results provide additional information on the effects of fermented agar-agar and the methods of application on sweet corn production. Replication of this study in other locality is recommended to further confirm the results.

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Evaluation of Yield Components of New Sweet Corn Hybrids in Bogor, Indonesia

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.3.1.13-18 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Devi Kurnia Aprilianti ◽

Muhamad Syukur ◽

Willy Bayuardi Suwarno

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Yield Components ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Infected Area ◽

Ear Height

The demand of sweet corn in Indonesia has been increasing; therefore breeding efforts are aimed for high yielding sweet corn varieties with superior quality. This research was aimed to evaluate the yield of five newly developed sweet corn hybrids compared to the commercial varieties. The research was conducted at the Leuwikopo experimental field of IPB, and Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB Darmaga campus from September to December 2015. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Five new sweet corn hybrids, “ JM8 x JM2”, “JM8 x JM7”, “JM16 x JM8”, “JM17 x JM6” and “JM17 x JM7”, and four commercial varieties, “Bonanza”, “Master Sweet”, “Sugar 75” and “Sweet Boy”, were tested. The results showed that the new hybrids vary in plant height, days to anthesis, days to silking, ear height, ear length, sugar content, number of kernel rows, the weight of husked ear, and number of ears per plant, downy mildew infected area, and productivity. F1 of “JM8 x JM2” has longer ears than “Master Sweet” and “Sugar 75”, higher sugar content than “Sugar 75”, and higher resistance against downy mildew than “Master Sweet” and “Sweet Boy”.

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Respon Air Tersedia dan Bobot Isi Tanah pada Tanaman Jagung Manis dan Brokoli terhadap Kombinasi Terak Baja dan Bokashi Sekam Padi pada Andisol, Lembang

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v29i2.19248 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Henly Yulina ◽

Rachmat Harryanto ◽

Rina Devnita

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Physical Characteristic ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Two Factors

ABSTRACTResponse of water available and soil bulk density on sweet corn and broccoli of steel slag and husk bokashi combination on Andisol LembangThe objective of this research was to find out responses of water available and soil bulk density on sweet corn and broccoli of steel slag and husk bokashi combination on Andisol Lembang. This study used a randomized block design factorial with two factors. The first factor was steel slag and the second factor was husk bokashi. Each factor onsisted of 4 levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% with two replications. The result showed there was not interaction between steel slag and husk bokashi on water available and soil bulk density on sweet corn and broccoli. Bokashi of husk has an independent effect to water available on sweet corn while bokashi of husk has an independent effect to soil bulk density on sweet corn and broccoli.Keywords: Steel slag, Bokashi of husk, Soil physical characteristic, Sweet corn, BroccoliABSTRAKAndisol mempunyai sifat fisika tanah yang baik, namun bermasalah dengan retensi P. Pemberian amelioran untuk mengurangi retensi P, diharapkan dapat mempertahankan bahkan meningkatkan parameter fisika tanah tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon air tersedia dan bobot isi tanah pada tanaman jagnung manis dan brokoli terhadap kombinasi terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi pada Andisol Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama terak baja dan faktor kedua bokashi sekam padi masing- masing 4 taraf yaitu 0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%, diulang dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi terhadap air tersedia dan bobot isi pada tanaman jagung manis dan brokoli. Bokashi sekam padi berpengaruh mandiri terhadap air tersedia pada jagung manis, sedangkan bokashi sekam padi berpengaruh mandiri terhadap bobot isi tanah pada jagung manis dan brokoli.Kata Kunci: Terak baja, Bokashi sekam padi, Ketersediaan air, Bobot isi, Jagung manis, Brokoli

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Cover crops in the production of green and sweet corn

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-0536-20210114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 94-101

Author(s):

Bruna de S Silveira ◽

José Luiz R Torres ◽

Valdeci Orioli Júnior ◽

João Henrique de S Favaro ◽

Luciene L Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Corn Grains

ABSTRACT Intensive conventional tillage cultivation of both green and sweet corn can contribute to soil degradation when compared to no-till systems. This study aimed to assess the agronomic characteristics and physicochemical quality of green and sweet corn grains grown under succession planting using different cover crops. Two experiments were conducted, one with green corn and the other sweet corn, using a randomized block design consisting of seven treatments: brachiaria (B); Pearl millet (PM); showy crotalaria (SC); SC+B; PM+B; PM+SC and PM+SC+B, with four repetitions. The fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) of the cover crops and decomposition of their residue were assessed, in addition to the agronomic performance and bromatological quality of green and sweet corn grains. Brachiaria showed the lowest FW and DW production, highest residue decomposition rate and shortest half-life when compared to the other soil covers assessed. Productivity and yield for sweet corn grains and green corn ears were not statistically affected by the different cover crop residues. The cover crop residues influenced moisture content, total titratable acidity and total soluble solids in green corn, and lipids, proteins, total soluble solids, pH and ascorbic acid in sweet corn.

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Microirrigation Equipment for Okra Cultivation in the U.S. Virgin Islands

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15021-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 1045-1052

Author(s):

Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi ◽

Thomas C. Geiger ◽

Jayar Greenidge ◽

Shamali Dennery ◽

Stuart A. Weiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Virgin Islands ◽

Drip Line ◽

Irrigation Efficiency ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Thin Wall ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The U.S

Drip irrigation presents higher distribution efficiency than sprinkler irrigation. Proper system design and the use of pressure-compensating emitters have important roles in irrigation uniformity and efficiency, which directly affect plant growth. This study evaluated the performance of four pressure-compensating and noncompensating emitters and the effects of these irrigation equipment on the yield of three okra [Abelmoschus esculentus] varieties cultivated in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Trials were performed in two seasons (Spring and Fall 2016), and tested four types of irrigation equipment (flow control drip tape, thin wall drip line, thin wall drip tape, and heavy wall drip line) and three varieties of okra (‘Clemson Spineless 80’, ‘Clemson Spineless’, and ‘Chant’), arranged on a complete randomized block design with three replications. Irrigation was performed based on reference evapotranspiration and measured daily using an automated weather station. Soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil temperature were monitored using capacitance sensors. The ability of the irrigation equipment to increase pressure was evaluated in the laboratory, in experimental modules using clean water, and while simulating three different slopes (leveled, uphill, and downhill). In the field trial, yield and leaf physiological parameters were influenced by season (P < 0.05) and the percentage of the marketable yield was influenced by variety (P < 0.05); however, fruit morphological parameters and soluble solids content were variety-dependent (P < 0.01). The pressure-compensating emitters maintained water flow within the range indicated by the manufacturers when used within the recommended pressure range. Distribution uniformity decreased over time for all equipment except the heavy wall drip line in Fall 2016. Irrigation equipment did not impact okra morphological attributes and yield, indicating that the same productivity can be successfully maintained while improving irrigation efficiency. Equipment should be selected based on price and irrigation efficiency to reduce the amount of water used.

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Forage palatability of Broussonetia papyrifera an invasive species in Ghana: Relative preference and palatability by sheep and goats

Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management ◽

10.26796/jenrm.v2i0.46 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Obour

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Block Design ◽

Wet Season ◽

Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Relative Preference ◽

Exotic Tree ◽

High Level

Broussonetia papyrifera is an exotic tree widely grown for paper production. Due to its prolific regeneration it has invaded forestcanopy gaps and degraded farmlands and has now become an invasive species in Ghana. In enhancing its value for use the plantwas evaluated as potential forage for grazing animals vis-à-vis other two existing forage plants: Ficus exasperata and Leucaenaleucocephala.The study assessed the palatability and preference of Broussonetia papyrifera using sheep and goats for the wet anddry seasons.The species were assessed in indoor pen feeding trials using eight-unit (3×3 m) pens with the cafeteria method.The amount of forage offered was 100g (fresh material) in all instances for each species and for ten minutes. Adesign basedon 3×2×2 factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to test the differences in palatability betweenthe three forage species.Results revealed that palatability was higher (P<0.05) in Leucaena leucocephala compared with Ficusexasperata and Broussonetia papyrifera for sheep and goats across seasons. The trend shown might be the result of the effectsof familiarity with the Leucaena leucocephala since animals tend to select plants that are familiar than newly introduced andunfamiliar plants. The study also revealed high level of condensed tannin (CT) in Broussonetia papyrifera which might haveinterfered with forage intake by the animals.There were no significant differences in palatability of Broussonetia papyrifera forgoat in both dry and wet season interactions and Ficus exasperata for goat in both dry and wet season interactions (P>0.05).Thestudy concluded that Broussonetia papyrifera could be a potential feed for both sheep and goats across seasons.The researchrecommended that livestock farmers should incorporate Broussonetia papyrifera feed into their programmes for both sheep andgoats and should be introduced to animals from infancy so that it may become a familiar feed for them.

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Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7020034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Christopher Menzel

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Small Fruit ◽

Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

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