scholarly journals Deconstructing agronomic resource use efficiencies to increase food production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Porter ◽  
Peter J. Thorburn ◽  
Hamish E. Brown ◽  
Edmar I. Teixeira ◽  
Derrick J. Moot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference

Highlights- Novel ideosystem method of analysing processes of food production, focussing on resource use efficiencies.- Interactions between resource use efficiencies are asymmetrical. - The ideosystem concept portrays how far a production system approaches maximum efficiency.   Food production per unit land area needs to be increased, thus cropping systems need to use nutrients, water and solar radiation at as close to maximal efficiencies as possible. We deconstruct these efficiencies into their components to define a theoretical crop ideosystem, in which all resource use efficiencies are maximised. This defines an upper biological limit to food production. We then quantify the difference between maximum use efficiencies and those observed in three agronomic systems (maize, cocksfoot, sugarcane) and identify how, in actual farm systems, efficiencies can be raised to raise food production. We find that crop nutrient use efficiency can be limited by low water availability; thus adding nutrients would not raise production but adding water would. The converse situation of water use efficiency being affected by nutrition is not as evident. Ideosystem thinking can be used to define small- and large-scale agronomic systems that optimize water and nutrient use to maximise food production.

Nutrient use efficiency in alley cropping systems in the Amazonian periphery

2010 ◽  
Vol 335 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanoel Gomes de Moura ◽  
Sheilla Silva Serpa ◽  
José Geraldo Donizetti dos Santos ◽  
João Reis Salgado Costa Sobrinho ◽  
Alana das Chagas Ferreira Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Timing Potassium Applications to Synchronize with Plant Demand

2020 ◽  
pp. 363-384
Author(s):  
V. K. Singh ◽  
B. S. Dwivedi ◽  
S. S. Rathore ◽  
R. P. Mishra ◽  
T. Satyanarayana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractPotassium (K) demand by crops is almost as high as that of nitrogen (N) and plays a crucial role in many plant metabolic processes. Insufficient K application results in soil K mining, deficiency symptoms in crops, and decreased crop yields and quality. Crop K demands vary with crop types, growth patterns, nutrient needs at different physiological stages, and productivity. Science-based K application in crops needs to follow 4R Nutrient Stewardship to ensure high yield, improved farm income, and optimum nutrient use efficiency. Studies around the world report widespread K deficiency, ranging from tropical to temperate environments. Long-term experiments indicate significant yield responses to K application and negative K balances where K application is either omitted or applied suboptimally. Limited understanding of K supplementation dynamics from soil non-exchangeable K pools to the exchangeable and solution phases and over-reliance on native K supply to meet crop demand are major reasons for deficit of K supply to crops. Research on optimum timing of K fertilizer application in diverse climate–soil–crop systems is scarce. The common one-time basal K management practice is often not suitable to supply adequate K to the crops during peak demand phases. Besides, changes in crop establishment practices, residue retention, or fertigation require new research in terms of rate, time, or source of K application. The current review assesses the synchrony of K supply from indigenous soil system and from external sources vis-à-vis plant demand under different crops and cropping systems for achieving high yield and nutrient use efficiency.

Rootstocks to improve root function and resource-use efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 561-588
Author(s):  
Francisco Pérez-Alfocea ◽  
◽  
Stephen Yeboah ◽  
Ian C. Dodd ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Function

Grafting, a surgical technique to attach genetically different shoots and roots (scions and rootstocks) allows “designer root systems” to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. Rootstocks improve plant nutrient relations by increasing nutrient capture and/or nutrient use efficiency, by multiple mechanisms including altered root morphology. Moreover, rootstocks can enhance water uptake and/or diminish water loss according to changes in root form and function, and root-to-shoot phytohormonal signalling. While the role of root-to-shoot ABA signalling in effecting stomatal closure is equivocal, root-sourced cytokinins and ACC regulate shoot senescence and vegetative growth respectively. Rootstock-mediated crop improvement offers opportunities to enhance crop resource use efficiency, especially in the developing world.

What Won’t Work

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ford Denison
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Near Term

This chapter considers the challenge of improving crop resource-use efficiency using biotechnology or traditional plant breeding. It argues that some of biotechnology's stated goals, such as more efficient use of water by crops, are unlikely to be achieved without tradeoffs. After providing an overview of crop genetic improvement via traditional plant breeding or biotechnology, the chapter discusses the importance of greater resource-use efficiency and increasing yield potential. It then explains how natural selection has improved the efficiency of photosynthesis as well as water-use efficiency and how tradeoffs limit biotechnology improvement of crop water use. It also assesses the potential of genetic engineering to improve nutrient-use efficiency and asserts that near-term benefits of biotechnology have been exaggerated. The chapter concludes with a review of biotechnology's possible benefits and risks.

Nutrient use efficiency and utilisation in east coast Australian Eucalyptus forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
John Turner
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference

Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) has been used as a method to evaluate the utilisation and processes of cycling of nutrient in forests. In publications, different methods have been used to calculate NUE, but as efficiency they are all expressed as ratios and these cover the basic areas of: (1) absorption from the soil and uptake, (2) efficiency in their requirement or utilisation of nutrients including physiological efficiency and (3) efficiency in the retention and internal re-utilisation of nutrients. Few studies address NUE based on complete nutrient cycling information but use indices based on litterfall or foliage nutrient concentrations. In this study different expressions of NUE were defined and evaluated for N and P using data on nutrient cycles on species in the genus Eucalyptus in regrowth and mature native eastern Australian forests. It has been hypothesised that NUE increases with decreasing nutrient availability however increasing such efficiency has a cost reflected in reduced productivity. The hypothesis was proven for all expressions of NUE correlating NUE against estimates of soil N or P availability but there were differences between coastal and tableland Eucalyptus forests. The level of significance varied for different types of NUE and in these ecosystems P was of greater significance than N. This reflected the importance of P in relation to productivity on many of the weathered soils or the limited value of the soil available N indices. It is suggested that the difference expressions of NUE differ in their significance with species so some will be relatively more efficient in terms of uptake, others in utilisation and others in redistribution. Only in extreme situations of nutrient availability do species have relatively high efficiency for all methods NUE calculation. It is proposed that these differences are of importance in site/species distribution and more importantly in mixed stands where they provide advantages either at different stages of stand development or after significant disturbances such as fire.

scholarly journals The difference between breeding for nutrient use efficiency and for nutrient stress tolerance

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Maia ◽  
Júlio César DoVale ◽  
Roberto Fritsche-Neto ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cavatte ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to verify the relationship between breeding for tolerance to low levels of soil nutrients and for nutrient use efficiency in tropical maize. Fifteen inbred lines were evaluated in two greenhouse experiments under contrasting levels of N and P. The relationship between nutritional efficiency and tolerance to nutritional stress was estimated by the Spearman ranking correlation between the genotypes for the traits related to N and P use efficiency and phenotypic plasticity indices. The lack of relationship between the traits, in magnitude as well as significance, indicates that these characters are controlled by different gene groups. Consequently, simultaneous selection for both nutrient use efficiency and tolerance to nutritional stress is possible, if the mechanisms that confer efficiency and tolerance are not competitive.

Legume Effect for Enhancing Productivity and Nutrient Use-Efficiency in Major Cropping Systems–An Indian Perspective: A Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Ghosh ◽  
K. K. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
R. H. Wanjari ◽  
M. C. Manna ◽  
A. K. Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Indian Perspective

scholarly journals Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean Cultivars Under Intensive Cropping Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon ◽  
Francelino Peteno de Camargo ◽  
Natan Angelo Seraglio ◽  
Alan de Ornelas Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sustainable agricultural systems are necessary to improve soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield and to increase nutrient use efficiency. Intensification of agricultural systems is an important tool to increase farmers’ profitability in the Cerrado region (Brazil), where soybean is rotated with corn in the same growing season. However, this intensification requires soybean cultivar with short growing periods which is achieved by indeterminate soybean cultivars. There is a lack of information regarding the nutrient uptake by soybean cultivars under intensive agricultural systems in the Cerrado. We sought to investigate soybean biomass production and soybean seed yield of determinate and indeterminate soybean cultivars. We also aimed to quantify the amounts of nutrients taken up by soybean biomass and seeds. Field research was conducted to evaluate 17 soybean cultivars commonly grown by farmers, and we considered the determinate and indeterminate soybean growth habit. Nutrient uptake and aboveground soybean biomass were higher under shorter soybean growth and development cycles. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium extraction in modern cultivars was higher than in cultivars used in past decades. Nutrient use efficiency was higher in determinate soybean cultivars than in indeterminate soybean cultivars.

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