scholarly journals SAPERE ECONOMICO E METODO SCIENTIFICO NELL’ILLUMINISMO LOMBARDO: NOTE DA “IL CAFFÈ”

2011 ◽  
pp. 403-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germano Maifreda
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Social

Economic knowledge and scientific method in the lombard enlightenment. Notes from «Il caffè». The connections, emerging between the 16th and the 18th century, between the evolution of economic knowledge and the rise of the scientific method, are important research topics for historians of economic ideas. However, further research on the application of the scientific method is still needed, especially when we come to the analysis of how economic principles took shape in Lombardy during the Enlightenment. The same need for further research concerns the debates on economic policy during the Age of Reforms in the latter half of the eighteenth century. This is even more necessary for Milanese Enlightenment scholars, who have been relatively neglected in comparison to the contemporary Neapolitan writers. A first aspect, enphasized in this paper, is the admiration expressed by the Lombard authors toward achievements coming from elsewhere, and particularly from outside Italy. Reading “Il Caffè”, together with the works and correspondence of Pietro and Alessandro Verri, Cesare Beccaria, Paolo Frisi and many other scholars, gives immediate and clear evidence of the Lombard attraction for the scientific tradition in mathematics, physics, astronomy, and, more generally, for the western tradition of epistemology and philosophy of science rooted in the works of Galileo, Bacon, Newton, Petty, Harvey and others. However, admiration and attraction never boil down to a passive acceptance of ready-made recipes, nor do they lead to mechanistic interpretations of the working of social and economic systems. It must be said that one of the original traits of the Lombard contribution during the enlightenment is the inclination to draw the appropriate epistemic distinction between the natural sciences on one side and the social and political sciences on the other side. The Lombard writers were precocious in keeping aloof from any acritical scientistic drift.

scholarly journals Social Network: a Cytoscape app for visualizing co-authorship networks

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Victor Kofia ◽  
Ruth Isserlin ◽  
Alison M.J. Buchan ◽  
Gary D. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Grant Application ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Edge Linking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collaborative Research Networks

Networks that represent connections between individuals can be valuable analytic tools. The Social Network Cytoscape app is capable of creating a visual summary of connected individuals automatically. It does this by representing relationships as networks where each node denotes an individual and an edge linking two individuals represents a connection. The app focuses on creating visual summaries of individuals connected by co-authorship links in academia, created from bibliographic databases like PubMed, Scopus and InCites. The resulting co-authorship networks can be visualized and analyzed to better understand collaborative research networks or to communicate the extent of collaboration and publication productivity among a group of researchers, like in a grant application or departmental review report. It can also be useful as a research tool to identify important research topics, researchers and papers in a subject area.

scholarly journals Social Network: a Cytoscape app for visualizing co-authorship networks

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kofia ◽  
Ruth Isserlin ◽  
Alison M.J. Buchan ◽  
Gary D. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Grant Application ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Edge Linking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collaborative Research Networks

Networks that represent connections between individuals can be valuable analytic tools. The Social Network Cytoscape app is capable of creating a visual summary of connected individuals automatically. It does this by representing relationships as networks where each node denotes an individual and an edge linking two individuals represents a connection. The app focuses on creating visual summaries of individuals connected by co-authorship links in academia, created from bibliographic databases like PubMed, Scopus and InCites. The resulting co-authorship networks can be visualized and analyzed to better understand collaborative research networks or to communicate the extent of collaboration and publication productivity among a group of researchers, like in a grant application or departmental review report. It can also be useful as a research tool to identify important research topics, researchers and papers in a subject area.

The Changes in the Attitude of Polish Society Toward the Jews in the 18th Century

2004 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Jacob Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
The Impact

This chapter evaluates the changes in the attitude of Polish society toward the Jews in the 18th century. The transformations in the social structure, politics and culture of 18th-century Poland had their impact upon the evolution of the predominant attitudes of Polish society towards the Jews. The large numbers of the latter constituted in the second half of the century the largest concentration of Jews in the world. They amounted to about ten per cent of the country's population, which means that their numbers roughly equalled those of the szlachta. This is why in the last century of the Commonwealth's existence, the demographic factor determined Polish attitudes towards the Jews far more than ever before. However, the growth in the demographic potential of the Jewish population coincided with the impact of the ideas of the Enlightenment, with the result that the two factors compounded one another in rendering all problems concerning the Jews highly visible and in considerably influencing the designs for social and political reforms at the time of the Four-Year Diet.

scholarly journals Social Network: a Cytoscape app for visualizing co-publication networks

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Victor Kofia ◽  
Ruth Isserlin ◽  
Alison M.J. Buchan ◽  
Gary D. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Grant Application ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Edge Linking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collaborative Research Networks

Networks that represent connections between individuals can be valuable analytic tools. The Social Network Cytoscape app is capable of creating a visual summary of connected individuals automatically. It does this by representing relationships as networks where each node denotes an individual and an edge linking two individuals represents a connection. The app focuses on creating visual summaries of individuals connected by co-publication links in academia, created from bibliographic databases like PubMed, Scopus and InCites. The resulting co-publication networks can be visualized and analyzed to better understand collaborative research networks or to communicate the extent of collaboration and publication productivity among a group of researchers, like in a grant application or departmental review report. It can also be useful as a research tool to identify important research topics, researchers and papers in a subject area.

scholarly journals Zaharija Orfelin’s primer and its place in Serbian cultural history

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Marina Janjic
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
East And West

The paper illuminates the enlightenment work of Zaharija Orfelin from the viewpoints of broader cultural and historical and narrower linguistic and didactic guidelines. In the social context of 18th-century Serbia, which cannot be considered one-sided, amidst the fusion of cultural values of the East and West, Orfelin conceptualized the key of national values in education. The Primer is more than the first book - it is a latent proclamation of the coming of the Enlightenment ideas. The aim of this work is point to the fact that in the cultural history of Serbia he was the precursor of modern Serbian language teaching long before it came to life in our modern teaching under the influence of foreign methodologists.

scholarly journals THE FINNISH MODEL OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL SPHERES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Stanislavovna Bratchikova
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Public Education System ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Culture And Language

The article deals with the structure of multilingual cultural and educational spheres of Finland in the first half of the XVIII century. The study identifies specific features of the Enlightenment society model. These features originated due to the subordination of Finland to the Kingdom of Sweden, multilingualism in society, common faith and political immaturity of the population. In the description of the social and cultural spheres of Finnish society, the economic situation of each region was taken into account. The study is based on the legislative acts, which regulated the style of life in the society, and life activity of the leading socio-political figures and clerics, who actively tried to arouse the sympathy of those in power to the Finnish people. The article analyses the activity of such supporters of Finnish culture and language as, for example, J. Gezelius the Younger, G. Tuderus, A. Lizelius, priests of the Akrenius family. The paper examines their contribution to the formation of Finnish identity and Finnish culture as a whole. In essence, the work of these very priests and public figures was the forerunner of the fennophilic movement. D. Juslenius is considered to be the father of the movement. The proposed study pays particular attention to the development of the school system in Finland. To establish the Lutheran faith and strengthen the institution of state power, the following actions were made. The state sought to develop a public education system in order to increase the competence of officials and clergy and teach the population literacy. The article describes the difficulties encountered in the implementation of the program to educate the population. The multilingualism of the society at that time was as follows. The majority spoke only Finnish, intellectuals spoke Latin and Swedish, while traders and industrialists communicated in German and other Western European languages. In the first half of the 18th century, the Swedish language became widely used inside the academic community. The reasons for such a transition are presented in the article. The author of the study concludes that during the period under review the language didn’t play a key role in the union of the nation. The main contributors were Lutheran faith and devotion to the Swedish king.

scholarly journals The Sublime as a Response to Terror: A Study of Empiricism and Transcendence in Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer’s “El monte de las ánimas”

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan DeVirgilis
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

This paper studies the relationship between 18th century Enlightenment philosophy and 19th century Romantic expression by relating the Burkean and Kantian conceptualizations of the sublime to Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer’s leyenda, “El monte de las ánimas.” Although Burke opts for an empirical approach while Kant takes a transcendental approach, both theories highlight the contradictory philosophical platform of the Enlightenment: individual>society. The shift in focus from the social to the individual is evidenced in 19th century literary production through Bécquer’s treatment of the relationship between the subject and the empirical and metaphysical worlds. In this paper, this relationship is studied through the representations of objects and sounds that are all used to inspire one sensation: terror. These representations convey the menacing aspects of nature, break the boundaries of time and space, and juxtapose reality and unreality. In this way, the analysis suggests that the narrative and descriptive techniques used to represent the terror experienced by the characters aim to inspire a similar effect on the reader, while also indicating that the philosophy of the Enlightenment provides the theoretical underpinnings for Romantic expression in the 19th century.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AND CULTURE FACTOR IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION: CHALLENGES FOR GEORGIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
GIVI BEDIANASHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Special Places ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The modern conditions of globalization and the expected long-term trends set all the countries of the world in front of special challenges. In addition to it, for all the countries having transitional economy it is very important to manage to develop the strong competitive of the social-economic systems and to transform their countries’ weak aspects (that make the countries’ processes slow down) and to promote to use positive factors in the context of globalization and globalization processes. In the above-mentioned problems the culture (as the factor), the entrepreneurial activities (as the most important resource of the economic growth of the country) and the systemic presentation of the strategic direction of the formation of the economic knowledge of the country take special places. In the paper the main directions of setting the above-mentioned issues and solving these issues are given on Georgia’s example.

L’économie morale des anthropologies-monde du 21ème siècle

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
Jean Copans
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This paper reviews the history of anthropology through the three globalization processes it has undergone since its origin in the 18th century. The discovery of the Other, and then that of the social change and of the historicity (especially of the colonial period) of its societies and cultures, settles all anthropologies at the same level today. This phenomenon calls into question the so-called natural hierarchy that has favoured the Western tradition, though today many new traditions are being elaborated and activated in anthropology by the countries and even the indigenous populations of the South. Elaboration of a common sociology of knowledge should enable all anthropologists to compare and evaluate themselves and their various backgrounds and traditions. Such a detour allows us to have a more egalitarian view of both the theoretical and the field experience of all anthropologies qualified today as world anthropologies or anthropologies without boundaries.

Veitstanz und Fortschritt

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-122
Author(s):  
Björn Moll
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract This article focusses on the discourse surrounding ›projectors‹, autoentrepeneurs, who made plans for innovations of any kind and tried to have potential financiers promote them, from the Baroque to German Romanticism. While the role of projectors in the history of science has been the object of historical study, there is a lack of research regarding the concept’s trajectory and its semantic variation. In the early modern period, the necessity of innovation was emphasized, but also the contingency of project proposals. During the Enlightenment, the tradition of the approval of project-making continued, but projects became detached from projectors. In the late 18th century, the idea of speculation and the fantastic transformed within the area of creativity, due to the primacy of imagination and genius. What happened to the talk about projectors and their ways of self-fashioning after the disappearance of the social figure? What enabled authors to refer to projectors and how was their role historically discussed? Projectors served as a topos of insanity or deception or a sign of unprofessionalism (as shown in examples by Goethe and Schiller). Romanticism carried with it the positive connotations of the project, but also reinterpreted its negative aspects, such as the value of incompletion, insanity and alternative ways of work.

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