scholarly journals CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MEDICAL WRITING IN ENGLISH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Taavitsainen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Writing ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
New Institutions

Eighteenth-century scientific and medical developments have direct relevance to our modern world as they paved the way towards more modern practices. This article presents an overview of English medical writing during the century when, for example, new technical equipment like the microscope opened up new horizons, laboratory medicine took its first steps, and dissemination of medical knowledge developed and diversified. My assessment is qualitative but based on firm quantitative evidence of linguistic data by an innovative Digital Humanities method that revealed the changing trends and put them in ranking order. Most importantly, medicine achieved a new level of professionalization in the eighteenth century. More attention started to be paid to public health, new institutions were founded, and new topics emerged with the expansion of the British Empire.

Living Same-Name Siblings and British Historical Demography

2011 ◽  
pp. 15-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Galley ◽  
Eilidh Garrett ◽  
Ros Davies ◽  
Alice Reid
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Demography ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Vital Registration Data ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Isle Of Skye

This article examines the extent to which living siblings were given identical first names. Whilst the practice of sibling name-sharing appeared to have died out in England during the eighteenth century, in northern Scotland it persisted at least until the end of the nineteenth century. Previously it has not been possible to provide quantitative evidence of this phenomenon, but an analysis of the rich census and vital registration data for the Isle of Skye reveals that this practice was widespread, with over a third of eligible families recording same-name siblings. Our results suggest that further research should focus on regional variations in sibling name-sharing and the extent to which this northern pattern occurred in other parts of Britain.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS OF THE XXI CENTURY: NEW HORIZONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Феликс Лещенков ◽  
Feliks Leshchenkov ◽  
Саяна Бальхаева ◽  
Sayana Balkhaeva ◽  
Олеся Сакаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Law ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Asian Pacific Region ◽  
Constitutional Reforms

On 1—2 of December 2015 the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law jointly with the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission of Council of Europe) held V International Congress of Comparative Law “Constitutional reforms in the XXI century: new horizons”. The task of international congress was to summarize existing experience of constitutional changes in the modern world, to reveal basic trends of current constitutional reforms, and to develop ways of their further progress. The Congress featured plenary meeting as well as sections (“Main trends of constitutional development in the modern world: general and special; Constitutional reforms: vectors of democratic development”; “Constitutional reforms: changes in the private sphere”) and round tables (“The role of the Council of Europe in constitutional reforms”; “Constitutional reforms in Asian-Pacific region: comparative legal analysis”; “Constitutional models in Latin America”; “Social and labor rights of citizens as a factor of constitutional stability and economic growth”. The review of scientific work of the V International Congress of Comparative Law is followed by presentation of recommendations, adopted as a result of its work.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Continuity and Change: Shifts in Labour Relations in the Potosí Mines (1680–1812)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Barragán Romano
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The One

AbstractLabour relations in the silver mines of Potosí are almost synonymous with the mita, a system of unfree work that lasted from the end of the sixteenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century. However, behind this continuity there were important changes, but also other forms of work, both free and self-employed. The analysis here is focused on how the “polity” contributed to shape labour relations, especially from the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth century. This article scrutinizes the labour policies of the Spanish monarchy on the one hand, which favoured certain economic sectors and regions to ensure revenue, and on the other the initiatives both of mine entrepreneurs and workers – unfree, free, and self-employed – who all contributed to changing the system of labour.

Monarchy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Félix
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
Louis Xvi ◽  
Louis Xv

This chapter examines the social and political structures of the absolute monarchy. It explores the extent to which tensions and conflicts in the mid-eighteenth century, in particular disputes between government and parlements, divided the elites over reform and policy, and opened up the realm of politics to public opinion. Reviewing the fate of major reform initiatives through the reigns of both Louis XV and his grandson Louis XVI, it argues that political crises paralysed the ability of royal institutions to enforce authority and generate consensus, thus making the transition from the old regime to the modern world necessary and inevitable.

Freedom of Expression and Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-105
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Bhagwat ◽  
James Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
The Press ◽  
Political Association ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on the relationship between freedom of expression and democracy from both a historical and a theoretical perspective. The term ‘freedom of expression’ includes free speech, freedom of the press, the right to petition government, and freedom of political association. Eighteenth-century proponents of popular government had long offered democratic justifications for freedom of expression. The chapter then demonstrates that freedom of political expression is a necessary component of democracy. It describes two core functions of such expression: an informing and a legitimating one. Finally, the chapter examines the concept of ‘democracy’, noting various ways in which democracies vary among themselves, as well as the implications of those variations for freedom of expression. Even before democratic forms of government took root in the modern world.

Berlin and Vienna

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-203
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Personal Transformations ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
New Institutions

This epilogue argues that the meaning of the Enlightenment resides in political structures and personal transformations that emerged in the course of the eighteenth century. These are most visible in the lives and ideas found in its last quarter. Since the late 1680s into the 1790s, all sorts of people tried to break with tradition and find alternatives to absolutism in church and state. By 1800, space and time on earth were filled by fewer miracles, saints, and prophecies than had been the case in 1700. Ultimately, the eighteenth-century philosophes, despite their disagreements, shared a universal distrust of organized religion and the priests who enforced it. Indeed, the century ended with revolutions that focused minds on making new institutions, new laws, new hopes and dreams.

Qing Connections to the Early Modern World: Ethnography and Cartography in Eighteenth-Century China

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA HOSTETLER
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Literary Sources

‘Consulting literary sources is not as satisfactory as observation . . . If one wants to control the barbarian frontier area, one must judge the profitability of the land, and investigate the nature of its people.’—Qian Shu‘If one does not differentiate between their varieties, or know their customs, then one has not what it takes to appreciate their circumstances, and to govern them.’—‘Miaoliao tushuo’

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