scholarly journals Evaluation of herbaceous crops irrigated with treated wastewater for ethanol production

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Barbagallo ◽  
Antonio Barbera ◽  
Giuseppe L. Cirelli ◽  
Mirco Milani ◽  
Attilio Toscano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Herbaceous Crops

The competition for freshwater between agricultural, industrial, and civil uses has greatly increased in Mediterranean basin characterized by prolonged dry seasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomass production and the potential ethanol production of promising “no-food” herbaceous crops irrigated with low quality water at different ETc restitutions (0%, 50 and 100%). The research was carried out, in 2011 and 2012, in an open field near the full-scale constructed wetland (CW) municipal treatment plant located in the Eastern Sicily (Italy). The CW effluent has been applied in a experimental irrigation field of Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash, Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deu. and Arundo donax (L.). Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on wastewater samples collected at inlet and outlet of CW and pollutant removal efficiencies were calculated for each parameter. Bio-agronomical analysis on herbaceous species were made with the goal to evaluate the main parameters such as the plant dimension, the growth response and the biomass production. Biomass dry samples were processed with a three-step chemical pretreatment, hydrolysed with a mix of commercial enzymes and next fermented to obtain the yield of ethanol production. Average TSS, COD and TN removal for CW were about 74%, 67% and 68%, respectively. Although the satisfactory Escherichia coli removal, about 3.5 log unit for both beds on average, CW didn’t achieve the restrictive Italian law limits for wastewater reuse. As expected, irrigation was beneficial and the full ET replenishment increase the biomass productivity as compared to the other two treatment. The mean productivity of Vetiveria zizanoides and Myscanthus x giganteus were about 9, 26 and 38 t ha–1 and 3, 7 and 12 t ha–1 respectively in 0%, 50% and 100% ETc restitutions. Arundo donax gave higher values of dry biomass (78 t ha–1 in 100% ETc restitution in 2011 season), and potential ethanol production (about 3,744 kg ha–1). These results suggest the interest in the use of constructed wetland effluents for the irrigation of energy crops to obtain second generation ethanol, particularly in semiarid regions such as the Mediterranean area.

Reuse of constructed wetland effluents for irrigation of energy crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1465-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
A. C. Barbera ◽  
G. L. Cirelli ◽  
M. Milani ◽  
A. Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate biomass production of promising ‘no-food’ energy crops, Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash, Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu. and Arundo donax (L.), irrigated with low quality water at different evapotranspiration restitutions. Two horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetland (CW) beds, with different operation life (12 and 6 years), were used to treat secondary municipal wastewaters for crop irrigation. Water chemical, physical and microbiological parameters as well as plant bio-agronomic characters were evaluated. The results confirm the high reliability of CWs for tertiary wastewater treatment given that the H-SSF1 treatment capacity remained largely unchanged after 12 years of operation. Average total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal for CWs were about 68, 58 and 71%, respectively. The Escherichia coli removal was satisfactory, about 3.3 log unit for both CW beds on average, but caution should be taken as this parameter did not achieve the restrictive Italian law limits for wastewater reuse. The average above-ground dry matter productions were 7 t ha−1 for Vetiveria zizanoides, 24 t ha−1 for Miscanthus × giganteus and 50 t ha−1 for Arundo donax. These results highlight attractive biomass yield by using treated wastewater for irrigation with a complete restitution of evapotranspiration losses.

scholarly journals The Efficiency and Reliability of Pollutant Removal in a Hybrid Constructed Wetland with Common Reed, Manna Grass, and Virginia Mallow

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Anna Dębska ◽  
Magdalena Gizińska-Górna ◽  
Aneta Pytka-Woszczyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Limit Values

In this paper, the pollutant removal efficiency and the reliability of a vertical and horizontal flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow were analyzed. The wastewater treatment plant, located in south-eastern Poland, treated domestic sewage at an average flow rate of 2.5 m3/d. The tests were carried out during five years of its operation (2014–2018). The following parameters were measured: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The results showed that more than 95% of BOD5, COD, and total phosphorus was removed in the tested CW system. The average effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids and total nitrogen exceeded 86%. A reliability analysis performed using the Weibull probability model showed that the removal reliability in the tested CW was very high for BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus (100%). The probability that the total nitrogen concentration in the treated effluents would reach the limit value (30 mg/L) established for effluents discharged from a treatment plant of less than 2000 PE (population equivalent) to standing waters was 94%. The values of all the pollution indicators in wastewater discharged to the receiver were significantly lower than the limit values required in Poland. The investigated hybrid CW system with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow guaranteed stable low values of BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus in the treated wastewater, which meant it was highly likely to be positively evaluated in case of an inspection.

scholarly journals Constructed Wetlands as Sustainable Technology for the Treatment and Reuse of the First-Flush Stormwater in Agriculture—A Case Study in Sicily (Italy)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Tuttolomondo ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Mario Licata ◽  
Claudio Leto ◽  
Salvatore La Bella
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics

This paper describes a case study that was carried out on a Sicilian company (Italy) dealing with separate waste collection and recycling of glass. The aims of this study were to evaluate the overall efficiency of a vertical subsurface flow system (VSSFs) constructed wetland (CW) operating for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the effects of treated wastewater on the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of ornamental pepper and rosemary plants. The system had a total surface area of 46.80 m2 and was planted with common reed and giant reed. Wastewater samples were taken from October 2018 to July 2019 at the CW inlet and outlet for chemical-physical and microbiological characterization of the wastewater. Two separate experimental fields of rosemary and ornamental pepper were set up in another Sicilian location. Three sources of irrigation water, two accessions of rosemary and two varieties of ornamental pepper were tested in a split-plot design for a two-factor experiment. The results showed very high organic pollutant removal (BOD5 75–83%, COD 65–69%) and a good efficiency of nutrients (TN 60–66%) and trace metals (especially for Cu and Zn) removal. Escherichia coli concentration levels were always lower than 100 CFU 100 mL−1 during the test period. Irrigation water and plant habitus had significant effects on all the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of the plants. For both the crops, plants irrigated with freshwater and treated wastewater had greater growth and showed a better general appearance in comparison with plants irrigated with wastewater. The higher trace metal levels in the wastewater produced adverse effects on plant growth and reduced the visual quality of the plants. Our results suggest the suitability of a VSSFs constructed wetland for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes, in accordance with legislation requirements concerning wastewater quality.

Wastewater treatment in tsunami affected areas of Thailand by constructed wetlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brix ◽  
T. Koottatep ◽  
C.H. Laugesen
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Wetland System

The tsunami of December 2004 destroyed infrastructure in many coastal areas in South-East Asia. In January 2005, the Danish Government gave a tsunami relief grant to Thailand to re-establish the wastewater management services in some of the areas affected by the tsunami. This paper describes the systems which have been built at three locations: (a) Baan Pru Teau: A newly-built township for tsunami victims which was constructed with the contribution of the Thai Red Cross. Conventional septic tanks were installed for the treatment of blackwater from each household and its effluent and grey water (40 m3/day) are collected and treated at a 220 m2 subsurface flow constructed wetland. (b) Koh Phi Phi Don island: A wastewater collection system for the main business and hotel area of the island, a pumping station and a pressure pipe to the treatment facility, a multi-stage constructed wetland system and a system for reuse of treated wastewater. The constructed wetland system (capacity 400 m3/day) consists of vertical flow, horizontal subsurface flow, free water surface flow and pond units. Because the treatment plant is surrounded by resorts, restaurants and shops, the constructed wetland systems are designed with terrains as scenic landscaping. (c) Patong: A 5,000 m2 constructed wetland system has been established to treat polluted water from drainage canals which collect overflow from septic tanks and grey water from residential areas. It is envisaged that these three systems will serve as prototype demonstration systems for appropriate wastewater management in Thailand and other tropical countries.

scholarly journals Design of Portable Hybrid Constructed Wetland Reactor for the Treatment of Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Swapnil Hiwrale
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
General Term ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
The Way

The idea of the project is predicated on the methodology of preventing the wastewater and the way to form the water pure by using various techniques to form water purification. Nowadays the matter of water shortage increases especially we face the water problem in summer seasons only. we are designing and portable hybrid water solution for the treatment of wastewater during this study, pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) and multistage horizontal subsurface flow CWs (HF CWs) are studied and compared for the treatment of raw urban wastewater. Additionally, the sand became clogged, while the mulch failed to. The effect of water height on the average pollutant removal wasn't determined but HF10 performed better regarding compliance with legal regulations. With this idea of the project, we could see how we will purify the wastewater and the way much we can see the index of the water purification. A survey of the magnitude of water-related stress at villages on the subject of a college campus or Maharashtra villages affects rural life. Especially in the summer seasons. Problems of availability, accessibility, and quality of Water In Maharashtra 17 districts are that which is laid low with water crises. Maharashtra had approved over R.s 7000 corer to complete the potable project in the scarcity hit area. In India 4% of water resources available from 18% water available in word. Wetland technology can provide cheap and effective wastewater treatment in both temperature and tropical climates and is suitable for adoption in both industrialized likewise as in developing nations this method is utilized for the removal of a range of pollutants and a broad verity of wastewater worldwide. it's one of the simplest methods to treated wastewater at source premises, effectively and economically. This general term accustomed describe different degrees of treatment, so as of skyrocketing treatment levels are preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary or advance wastewater treatment. Disinfection to get rid of pathogens sometimes follows the last treatment steps. After treatment of wastewater from constructed wetland reactor, 90 to 95% BOD is going to be satisfied than 85 to 90% Turbidity is going to be removed, and 70 to 80% Nutrient are going to be removed by phytoremediation method. Constructed wetland technology has played a vital role in achieving the changes in wastewater.

scholarly journals The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment and reuse of urban wastewater for the irrigation of two warm-season turfgrass species under Mediterranean climatic conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Licata ◽  
Teresa Tuttolomondo ◽  
Claudio Leto ◽  
Salvatore La Bella ◽  
Giuseppe Virga
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
High Sodium

Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent low-cost technology for the treatment and reuse of wastewater in urban areas. This study aimed to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiency of a CW system and to assess the effects of irrigation using treated urban wastewater on soil and on two warm-season turf species. The research was carried out in Sicily (Italy) on a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow system which was fed with treated urban wastewater following secondary treatment from an activated-sludge wastewater treatment plant. The pilot system was located in an open urban park and comprised two separate parallel planted units. Experimental fields of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Paspalum vaginatum Sw. were set up close to the system and irrigated with both treated wastewater (TWW) and freshwater (FW). Irrigation with TWW did not result in a significant variation in soil pH and soil salinity in the topsoil. The turf species tolerated high sodium levels in the soil due to TWW irrigation. Savings in FW and mineral fertilizers were deemed significant. The results highlight the fact that use of CW systems for the treatment and reuse of wastewater can represent a sustainable way to obtain alternative water resources for turfgrass irrigation in urban areas.

scholarly journals Plant Biomass Production in Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater in Tropical Climates

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Mayerlin Sandoval-Herazo ◽  
Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz ◽  
Eduardo Fernández Echeverria ◽  
Gregorio Fernández-Lambert ◽  
Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Climates

The production of both aboveground and belowground plant biomass in constructed wetlands (CW) is a poorly understood topic, although vegetation plays an important role in the process of pollutant removal from wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aboveground and belowground biomass production of Typha latifolia and Canna hybrids in a large-scale constructed wetland treating swine wastewater in tropical climates. Parameters, such as temperature, DO, pH, COD, TSS, TN, TP, and TC, as well as destructive and non-destructive biomass, were evaluated. It was found that, despite the high concentrations of pollutants, the vegetation adapted easily and also grew healthily despite being exposed to high concentrations of pollutants from swine water. Although Typha latifolia (426 plants) produced fewer plants than Canna hybrids (582 plants), the higher biomass of the Typha latifolia species was slightly higher than that of Canna hybrids by 5%. On the other hand, the proximity of the water inlet to the system decreased the capacity for the development of a greater number of seedlings. As for the elimination of pollutants, after treatment in the constructed wetland, COD: 83.6 ± 16.9%; TSS: 82.2 ± 17.7%; TN: 94.4 ± 15.8%; TP: 82.4 ± 23.2%; and TC: 94.4 ± 4.4% were significantly reduced. These results show that wetlands constructed as tertiary systems for the treatment of swine wastewater produce a large amount of plant biomass that significantly helps to reduce the concentrations of pollutants present in this type of water in tropical areas. The use of these plants is recommended in future wetland designs to treat swine wastewater.

scholarly journals Performance of a Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetland and Medium-Term Effects of Treated Wastewater Irrigation of Arundo donax L. on Soil and Plant Parameters

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Mario Licata ◽  
Francesco Rossini ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Davide Farruggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Arundo Donax L

On marginal lands in the Mediterranean basin, giant reed (Arundo donax L.) represents one of the most interesting perennial crops due to high levels of biomass production. Considering periodic water shortage during the summer months in this area, the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) would seem to be a good opportunity for the growth of the species. The aim of this study was to assess the medium-term effects of irrigation using freshwater (FW) and TWW on soil characteristics and growth in giant reed plants. TWW was obtained from a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system (HSSF CWs) with a total surface area of 100 m2. A split-plot design for a two-factor experiment was used with three replications. Medium-term TWW irrigation increased organic matter and plant nutrients in the soil; however, pH was not affected. Plants irrigated with TWW showed greater growth (+10.49% in height, +12.75% in stem diameter, +11.51% in above-ground biomass) than those irrigated with FW. The higher heating value of crop residues ranged between 16.83 (FW-irrigated plants) and 17.00 MJ kg−1 (TWW-irrigated plants). Results show that HSSF CWs produces TWW, which can be an alternative source of water for growing giant reed with high biomass performance.

scholarly journals USING HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM IN THE TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahi & Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

 Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purpose can reduce high pressure on freshwater resources. A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) system filled with gravel and planted with Phragmites Australia was used to treat the real wastewater at Al-Rustumia wastewater treatment plant. Some characteristics of wastewater such as biochemical oxygen demand, phosphate and total suspended solids have been monitored from 15 January until 8 July 2018. The results proved that HSSF unit has a good efficacy in the reduction of previous parameters with removal of 84.2, 55.4 and 72.7% while sulphate and total dissolved solids were less removal efficiency with 3.3 and  0.99 % respectively. The measured values of these parameters were within the permissible limits suitable for irrigation purposes.

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