scholarly journals Evaluation of cellulose substrates treated with Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin as a biological control agent against the termite Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Behzad Habibpour ◽  
Amir Cheraghi ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Mossadegh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cellulose Substrates ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Sustainable Protection ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

This article is the first report on the promising effect of an entomopathogenic fungus, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> (Metschnikoff) Sorokin to control populations of <em>Microcerotermes diversus </em>Silvestri. Biological control is an alternative to the long-term usage of chemical pesticides.<em> M. anisopliae</em>, the causal agent of green muscardine disease of insects, is an important fungus in biological control of insect pests. Bait systems can eliminate entire colonies of subterranean termites. Baiting reduces adverse environmental impacts caused by organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in the control of termites and creates sustainable protection of buildings against their invasion. Treated-sawdust bait was applied by two methods: a) combination of treated sawdust and untreated filter paper, and b) combination of treated sawdust and untreated sawdust. When combinations of treated sawdust and untreated sawdust were used, LC50 and LC90 were 8.4&times;106 and 3.9&times;107 (spore/ml), respectively. With the use of improved bait formula and more virulent strains, we hope to achieve better control of termite colonies and enable pathogens to become a useful element in the Integrated Pest Management system.

Pathogenicity of an Indigenous Strain of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) (MET-GRA4 Strain) as a Potential Biological Control Agent Against the Red Palm Weevil (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ishak ◽  
L C Ng ◽  
M Haris-Hussain ◽  
J Jalinas ◽  
A B Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Lethal Time

Abstract Metarhizium anisopliae Metchnikoff (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) is a fungal pathogen that causes disease in various insect pests, and it can be exploited and developed as a biological control agent to combat the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). The study on indigenous isolates is crucial especially for development of bioinsecticides in the future. The M. anisopliae strain called MET-GRA4 was tested for pathogenicity against adult red palm weevil and treated in vitro with different spore viabilities. The isolates exhibited pathogenicity with 100% mortality 21 d postinfection. The median lethal time (LT50) for 85% viable spores was 8.6 d, while 39% viable spores had an LT50 value of 21.37 d, with 92 and 16.6% mycosis, respectively. The species MET-GRA4 strain was molecularly characterized using ITS1 and ITS4 from pure culture (Isolate A), mass-produced spores (Isolate B), and infected red palm weevil cadavers (Isolate C). The DNA sequences obtained matched M. anisopliae sequences, with 99% similarity. This new isolate of M. anisopliae has potential as a targeted bioinsecticide for management of red palm weevil.

scholarly journals Nosema locustae (Protozoa, Microsporidia), a Biological Agent for Locust and Grasshopper Control

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Michel Lecoq
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen ◽  
Nosema Locustae ◽  
Host Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Orthopteran Species

Effective locust and grasshopper control is crucial as locust invasions have seriously threatened crops and food security since ancient times. However, the preponderance of chemical insecticides, effective and widely used today, is increasingly criticized as a result of their adverse effects on human health and the environment. Alternative biological control methods are being actively sought to replace chemical pesticides. Nosema locustae (Synonyms: Paranosema locustae, Antonospora locustae), a protozoan pathogen of locusts and grasshoppers, was developed as a biological control agent as early as the 1980s. Subsequently, numerous studies have focused on its pathogenicity, host spectrum, mass production, epizootiology, applications, genomics, and molecular biology. Aspects of recent advances in N. locustae show that this entomopathogen plays a special role in locust and grasshopper management because it is safer, has a broad host spectrum of 144 orthopteran species, vertical transmission to offspring through eggs, long persistence in locust and grasshopper populations for more than 10 years, and is well adapted to various types of ecosystems in tropical and temperate regions. However, some limitations still need to be overcome for more efficient locust and grasshopper management in the future.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Aboveground Natural Enemies of Grasshoppers, and Biodiversity after Application of Paranosema locustae in Rangeland

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Wang-Peng Shi ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Yu-Xing Zhang ◽  
Um-e-Hani Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Arthropod Diversity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Substantial harm to ecosystems from the use of chemical pesticides has led to an increasing interest in the use of biopesticides to control grasshoppers in rangelands, including China. One such potential biopesticide for control of grasshoppers is the fungus Paranosema locustae. In this study, the dynamics of aboveground natural enemies of grasshoppers and arthropod diversity 0–9 years after application of P. locustae were investigated in rangeland in Qinghai Plateau, China. We found that the number of species and of individuals of aboveground natural enemies increased by 17–250% and 40–126%, respectively, after spraying P. locustae, and that the main natural enemies showed three peaks after treatment. The conventional indices of species diversity (H’) and evenness (J’) increased by 11–267% and 13–171%, respectively, after treatment with P. locustae. The results showed the positive effects of P. locustae on aboveground natural enemies and biodiversity in an arthropod community in Chinese rangeland. Paranosema locustae is thought to be a safe biological control agent for grasshopper management in Northwestern China.

scholarly journals The Density and Viability of Metarhizium anisopliae Conidia on Several Growth Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Dyah Rini Indriyanti ◽  
Siti Harnina Bintari ◽  
Ning Setiati ◽  
Jamil Maulana Zahriyan Alfiyan
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium

Metarhizium anisopliae is a parasitic fungus on insects, and thus called entomopathogenic fungus. This fungus is used as a biological control agent for insect pests. Fungal propagation can be done using a variety of media. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of M. anisopliae on four types of media, with conidial density and viability as the growth parameters. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Universitas Negeri Semarang. This study was an experimental research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor and four treatments: Control (PDA/Potato Dextrose Agar medium), Treatment I (ELSA/Extract Larvae Sucrose Agar medium), Treatment II (CWSA/Coconut Water Sucrose Agar medium), Treatment III (CWELSA/Coconut Water and Extract Larvae Sucrose Agar medium). The and results showed that there was an effect of growth media on the density and viability of M. anisopliae conidia. CWELSA media had the highest conidial density (2.91 x 108 cfu/mL) and viability (97.17%). CWSA media had  2.82 x 108 cfu/mL and 95.33%. PDA media had 2.25 x 108 cfu/mL and 92.83%. ELSA media had 1.64 x 108 cfu/mL and 90.83%. The high conidial density and viability of M. anisopliae is CWELSA  medium. This study is as an alternative growth medium to improve the quality of M. anisopliae propagation.

scholarly journals A Review of the Biology and Control of Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), with Special Reference to Biological Control Using Entomopathogenic Fungi

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sani ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail ◽  
Sumaiyah Abdullah ◽  
Johari Jalinas ◽  
Syari Jamian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), consists of genetically diverse species known to cause significant destruction in several crops around the world. Nymphs and adults of B. tabaci cause damage to plants during feeding, and they can act as a virus vector, thus causing significant yield loss to crops in the tropical and subtropical regions. Chemical pesticides are widely used to control B. tabaci due to their immediate action, but this approach has several drawbacks including food safety issues, insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, and the effect on non-target organisms. A biological control agent using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) has therefore been developed as an alternative against the conventional use of chemical pesticides in an integrated pest management (IPM) system to effectively control B. tabaci. It is apparent from this review that species of hyphomycetes fungi are the most common EPF used to effectively control B. tabaci, with the second instar being the most susceptible stage of infection. Therefore, this review article focuses specifically on the control of B. tabaci with special emphasis on the use of EPF as biological control agents and their integration in IPM.

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Phyllophaga crinita and Anomala flavipennis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque ◽  
F. Silvestre ◽  
V. M. Hernández ◽  
H. Quiroz ◽  
J. E. Throne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Lethal Time

Five isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and 3 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin were tested against third-instar larvae of Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister) and Anomala flavipennis Burmeister under laboratory conditions using the “maximum challenge test” protocol. The M. anisopliae strains were more virulent than the B. bassiana strains, with the isolates MAGL3N and MAGL4N of M. anisopliae causing the highest mortality in both white grub species. Regardless of scarab species, mortality caused by MAGL3N was &gt;63% after 4 days and &gt;96% after 10 days. The other strain of M. anisopliae, MAGC2N, also caused high mortality in A. flavipennis, but at a slower rate than MAGL3N. Median lethal time (LT50) for MAGL3N was 2.9 days for P. crinita and 3.0 d for A. flavipennis. The LT50 for MAGL4N was 5.3 d for P. crinita and 7.6 d for A. flavipennis while the LT50 for MAGC2N was 4.4 d for A. flavipennis. Metarhizium anisopliae is a potential biological control agent for P. crinita and A. flavipennis and should be further investigated for possible development.

scholarly journals Uji Mutu dan Keefektifan Metarhizium anisopliae Isolat Kalimantan Tengah Terhadap Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) [Quality Test and Effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolates From Central Kalimantan Against Oryctes rhinocerus]

Buletin Palma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Siswanto Nls ◽  
I M Trisawa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Quality Test ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Medicinal Crops

<p><em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is  an importan pest on coconut trees. Control of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> can be done in various ways, such as by physical, mechanical, biological, and chemical. The fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> is a biological agent that can suppress the development of the <em>O. rhinoceros</em> . Effectiveness of <em>M. anisopliae</em> fungus is largely determined by the quality/grade conidia of the fungus consist of its density, viability and patogenicity against the target pest. For that, studies have been conducted to determine the quality and effectiveness biological control of <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates Kalteng (Central Kalimantan) against <em>O. rhinoceros</em>. Tests conducted in the Entomology Laboratory of Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops  (Balittro), and around the home screen in Balittro, Bogor.  The fungus <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates originating from Central Kalimantan (Kalteng), while the larvae of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> from Yogyakarta. The results showed that the fungus conidia <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates Kalteng has a density of over 10<sup>8</sup>, while the viability above 90%. Pathogenicity to larvae of <em>O. Rhinoceros</em> &gt; 50%. This character indicates a good quality of these fungi as biological control agent. The fungus of <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolates Kalteng at concentrations of 10<sup>6</sup> and 10<sup>8</sup> can killed up to 90% third instar O. rhinoceros larvae  in field conditions. So both these concentrations can be used in the control of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> in the field. </p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><em> </em></p><p>Hama <em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) merupakan hama penting tanaman kelapa . Pengendalian <em>O. rhinoceros </em>dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara yaitu secara fisik, mekanik, hayati, dan kimiawi.  Cendawan  <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> merupakan agens hayati yang dapat menekan perkembangan hama <em> O. rhinoceros</em>. Efektivitas cendawan <em>M. anisopliae</em> sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas/mutu konidia cendawan tersebut yang meliputi kerapatan, viabilitas  dan patogenitasnya terhadap hama sasaran. Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui mutu dan keefektifan agens pengendali hayati  <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalimantan Tengah terhadap <em>O. rhinoceros. </em>Pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) dan di sekitar rumah kasa di Balittro, Bogor.  Isolat cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>yang digunakan berasal dari  Kalteng, sedangkan larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>berasal dari Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalteng memiliki kerapatan konidia di atas 10<sup>8</sup>, sedangkan viabilitasnya di atas 90%.  Patogenisitas terhadap larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>&gt; 50%.  Karakter ini menunjukkan mutu yang baik dari cendawan tersebut sebagai agens pengendali hayati. Cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalteng pada konsentrasi 10<sup>6</sup> dan 10<sup>8</sup> dapat mematikan 90%  larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>instar 3 pada kondisi lapangan. Sehingga kedua konsentrasi tersebut dapat digunakan dalam mengendalikan <em>O. rhinoceros </em>di lapangan.</p>

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