Prevalence, determinants, and effects of violence during pregnancy: A maternity-based cross-sectional study in Luanda, Angola

Information on the extent of violence against women is scarce in Angola. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of violence against pregnant women in Angola and to identify its sociodemographic determinants and effects on pregnancy outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2012 and February 2013, involving 995 women who delivered at a Maternity in Luanda, Angola. Information was collected through questionnaires administered by interviewers. The prevalence of violence during pregnancy was 13.0%. Exclusively physical, psychological or sexual violence was reported by 4.3%, 7.7% and 0.2% of the women, respectively. After adjustment, the occurrence of physical violence decreased with increasing age and education, and was more common among women who consumed alcohol during pregnancy, while psychological violence was significantly more frequent among women aged 20 to 24 years and those who had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 15, and less frequent among those who were married or in cohabitation. This first study describing violence against pregnant Angolan women showed that violence is a frequent event, supporting that violence assessment should be considered in antenatal care.

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Workplace violence against healthcare professionals in a multiethnic area: a cross-sectional study in southwest China

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e037464

Author(s):

Haonan Jia ◽

Huiying Fang ◽

Ruohui Chen ◽

Mingli Jiao ◽

Lifeng Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minority ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Security Measures ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine workplace violence (WPV) towards healthcare professionals in a multiethnic area in China, including prevalence, influencing factors, healthcare professionals’ response to WPV, expected antiviolence training measures and content, and evaluation of WPV interventions.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA grade III, class A hospital in the capital of Yunnan Province, which is the province with the most diverse ethnic minority groups in China.ParticipantsIn total, 2036 healthcare professionals participated, with a response rate of 83.79%.ResultsThe prevalence of physical and psychological violence was 5.5% and 43.7%, respectively. Healthcare professionals of ethnic minority were more likely to experience psychological violence (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.05). Stratified by gender, male healthcare professionals of ethnic minority suffered from more physical violence (OR=3.31, 95% CI 1.12 to 9.79), while female healthcare professionals suffered from psychological violence (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.36). We also found a unique work situation in China: overtime duty on-call work (18:00–07:00) was a risk factor for psychological violence (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.93). Healthcare professionals of ethnic minority are less likely to order perpetrators to stop or to report to superiors when faced with psychological violence. They are also more interested in receiving training in force skills and self-defence. Both Han and ethnic minority participants considered security measures as the most useful intervention, while changing the time of shift the most useless one.ConclusionOur study comprehensively described WPV towards healthcare professionals in a multiethnic minority area. More research on WPV conducted in multiethnic areas is needed.

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Poor Relationships and Physical Violence at School Are Associated With More Forms of Psychological Violence Among Brazilian Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260517696857 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (5-6) ◽

pp. 1294-1310 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francine Nesello Melanda ◽

Hellen Geremias dos Santos ◽

Mariana Ragassi Urbano ◽

Wladithe Organ de Carvalho ◽

Alberto Durán González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Environment ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Safe School ◽

Work Related

Our purpose was to identify individual and work-related factors that are associated with psychological violence (PV) and are related to a higher number of PV forms among teachers. This cross-sectional study included 789 elementary and high school teachers in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data were obtained through interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. PV was characterized by reports of insults from students, humiliation by colleagues or teachers, and threats in the 12 months preceding the study. Factors associated with the number of PV forms were also investigated. Poisson regression models were used for the analyses. More than half (64.1%) of the teachers reported at least one event of PV, 38.3% reported only one form, 21.5% reported two forms, and 4.3% reported all three surveyed forms. After adjustments, poor relationships with superiors or students and having suffered physical violence at school remained associated with at least one PV episode. The same variables were associated with the number of forms of PV, as were age (inverse relationship) and violence outside of school. The higher the number of aggregated factors, the more estimated forms of PV, particularly among the younger teachers. These results highlight the importance of adopting strategies that promote a nonviolent and safe school environment for teachers, which will in turn improve work conditions, the quality of education, and teachers’ health.

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Violence against women: a study on nature, prevalence and extent

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174945 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 4919

Author(s):

Pushti V. Vachhani ◽

Nishant R. Bhimani ◽

Nishith B. Sutaria ◽

Shyamal K. Purani ◽

Girija P. Kartha

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Married Women ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Domestic Violence Against Women ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: To study the nature, prevalence and extent of domestic violence against women in the study area.Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban and rural area of Surendranagar district of Gujarat. Total 600 ever married women of 15-49 years of age were selected for the study purpose. The self-administered questionnaire was used to gather all the information. Steps were taken up to maintain confidentiality.Results: Out of total 600 women, 231 (38.5%) were victims of domestic violence in one form or the other. The analysis based on each form of violence discloses that about 83% were victims of psychological violence, about 54% of the victims had experienced physical violence, about 32% were victims of economical violence and about 24% were victims of sexual violence.Conclusions: Husband was the frequent instigator of domestic violence. Psychological violence is the commonest form of violence experienced by the victims.

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Prevalence and sociogeographical inequalities of violence against women in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-021-01456-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agnes Edeby ◽

Miguel San Sebastián

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economic Violence

Abstract Background Violence against women (VAW) is a vast public health problem in Latin America. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of violence against women and to assess its sociogeographical inequalities in Ecuador during 2019. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from a national survey conducted in 2019 (n = 17,211) among women aged 15 years and over. Independent variables included age, marital status, education, ethnicity, place of residence and region. The chosen outcomes were lifetime experience of total violence, sexual violence, physical violence, psychological violence and economic violence. Frequency tables were first calculated, and then crude and adjusted regression models estimating risk differences and their 95% confidence intervals were computed. Results Nearly two-thirds (64.86%) of the participating women had experienced some form of violence during their lifetime, mainly psychological violence (56.92%). The second most prevalent type of violence was physical (35.44%) closely followed by sexual (32.67%). Almost one-fifth (16.38%) stated to have experienced some form of economic violence. Physical and psychological violence were more common among women aged 26–35 and less among older women. All forms of violence were more often reported among women with no education except for sexual violence, which was more frequent among those with higher education. Physical, psychological and economic violence were more often reported by those living with a partner, being married or divorced/separated. Sexual violence was associated with those belonging to a non-indigenous ethnic group, while all types of violence were more common among those living in an urban setting (except physical violence), in the Highlands or in the Amazon region. Conclusions Our study showed that VAW is a common event in Ecuador and identified several sociogeographical inequalities that varied depending on the type of violence. VAW was more common among the younger age groups, those with low education, those living with a partner or being divorced/separated, or residing in an urban setting, in the Highlands or in the Amazon. Further studies including more social factors and a continuous monitoring of VAW are recommended. Current policies and laws to protect women need to be expanded and effectively implemented to reduce VAW in the Ecuador.

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Bullying and physical violence and their relationship to mental health and academic performance: A national cross-sectional study among adolescents in Saudi Arabia

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e500792015-141 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Fadia Albuhairan ◽

Motasim Badri ◽

Oraynab Abou Abbas ◽

Donna El Sayed ◽

Suleiman Alshahri

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Perception, Prevalence, and Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy in Urban Slums of Pune, Maharashtra, India

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520914548 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052091454

Author(s):

Suresh Jungari ◽

Sneha Chinchore

Keyword(s):

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Study Results ◽

Violence During Pregnancy

There is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinants of violence against pregnant women in India. Previous studies were entirely restricted to the violence against women in the reproductive age group. There is lack of evidence about the factors affecting violence against women during pregnancy. Understanding such factors, women’s perception regarding violence during pregnancy and their justification of such violence could manifest an important aspect of violence. Women living in slum communities particularly are victims of violence. In this context, this study intended to examine women’s perception, prevalence of, and factors affecting the violence against women during pregnancy in the slum communities of Pune. A community-based cross-sectional study of 1-year duration was undertaken in urban slums of Pune city, Maharashtra, India. The study participants were women who have delivered 2 years preceding the survey. Using simple random sampling, 500 women were selected from 10 purposively selected slums. House-to-house visits were made and face-to-face interviews conducted using a pretested structured questionnaire. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were applied. The study results show that 15.3% of women have experienced violence during their recent pregnancy. Furthermore, 9.2% of women experienced physical violence, 1.8% sexual violence, and 11.2% psychological violence. Education level of women, husband’s education and alcohol consumption, history of violence in the family, and provision of spurious justification for violence have emerged as some of the leading factors associated with the violence inflicted during pregnancy. Effective interventions at both community and health care settings are needed urgently to reduce the violence inflicted during pregnancy.

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