Perception, Prevalence, and Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy in Urban Slums of Pune, Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091454
Author(s):  
Suresh Jungari ◽  
Sneha Chinchore
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy

There is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinants of violence against pregnant women in India. Previous studies were entirely restricted to the violence against women in the reproductive age group. There is lack of evidence about the factors affecting violence against women during pregnancy. Understanding such factors, women’s perception regarding violence during pregnancy and their justification of such violence could manifest an important aspect of violence. Women living in slum communities particularly are victims of violence. In this context, this study intended to examine women’s perception, prevalence of, and factors affecting the violence against women during pregnancy in the slum communities of Pune. A community-based cross-sectional study of 1-year duration was undertaken in urban slums of Pune city, Maharashtra, India. The study participants were women who have delivered 2 years preceding the survey. Using simple random sampling, 500 women were selected from 10 purposively selected slums. House-to-house visits were made and face-to-face interviews conducted using a pretested structured questionnaire. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were applied. The study results show that 15.3% of women have experienced violence during their recent pregnancy. Furthermore, 9.2% of women experienced physical violence, 1.8% sexual violence, and 11.2% psychological violence. Education level of women, husband’s education and alcohol consumption, history of violence in the family, and provision of spurious justification for violence have emerged as some of the leading factors associated with the violence inflicted during pregnancy. Effective interventions at both community and health care settings are needed urgently to reduce the violence inflicted during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Violence against Women in a Slum Area in Helwan, Cairo, Egypt: A Community Based Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. e00466-e00466
Author(s):  
Nessrin Ahmed El-Nimr ◽  
Salma Mohammed Gouda ◽  
Iman Mohamed Helmy Wahdan
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Violence against women (VAW) is a major global public health problem with serious consequences. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of VAW aged 18-45 yr in a slum area in Helwan, Cairo, to assess their knowledge and perspective regarding VAW, and to assess their help-seeking practice in response to violence. Study design: Cross-sectional design. Methods: This community based survey was carried out among 657 women in a slum area in Helwan, Cairo, Egypt in 2018. Data about the women’s knowledge about VAW, exposure to different forms of violence and their frequency, women’s perspective towards violence, and their healthcare-seeking behavior on exposure to violence were collected using an interviewing questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of exposure to at least one type of intimate partner violence (IPV) was 59.1% with psychological violence ranking 1st followed by physical violence. Most women exposed to IPV reported that they have never asked for healthcare upon exposure to violence. One third had good knowledge. Most had favorable perspective against VAW. Conclusion: Most women suffered some kind of violence. They, however, did not seek help most of the time.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Social Function Among Women Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Amini ◽  
Maryam Heidary ◽  
Hamidreza Daneshparvar ◽  
Homa Sadeghi Avval Shahr ◽  
Abbas Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Verbal Violence

Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem in all societies that affects all aspects of the victim’s health, especially mental health. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health among Iranian women who referred to the Forensic Medicine Center in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was done on 196 married women who referred to the south center of Forensic Medicine in Tehran. Data were collected in 2013 by using three questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, CTS-2, and GHQ-28. Data analyzed by using SPSS-14 software. The age of participants was 29.9±6.3 years (range 18-57 years). Most women were housekeepers (73%) with moderate economic status (48.5%). Physical violence had the highest mean score (37.29±16.80); and after that, highest mean scores are related to Psychological violence 29.37±7.01, verbal violence 14.83±8.15, Physical violence leading to injury 14.47±6.85, and sexual violence 8.38±7.36, respectively. Verbal violence didn’t show any relation with all subscales of mental health. The somatic and anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated to total, and all violence subscales score (P<0.001). Also, social function was correlated to total violence score (P=0.032), Sexual (P=0.002), and psychological violence (P=0.025). Depression symptoms were correlated to total violence score (P<0.001), physical leading to damage violence (P<0.001), Sexual violence (P<0.001), Psychological violence (P=0.002), and physical violence (P<0.001). Our results showed IPV is related to the mental health of battered women, but verbal violence didn’t show any statistical relationship with somatic, anxiety, and depression symptoms and social function.

Association of dowry practices with perceived marital life and intimate partner violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2298-2303
Author(s):  
Tazeen Saeed Ali ◽  
Neesha Hussain ◽  
Shah Zeb ◽  
Asli Kulane
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To understand the perceptions of women about the influence of dowry customs on their marital life and on intimate partner violence (IPV) in a marriage. Method: This was a cross-sectional study on married women of reproductive age in Karachi, Pakistan between 2008 and 2009. Data was collected through a reliable questionnaire developed by World Health Organization, which was validated at local context and has been translated in to Urdu and then back translated in to English. Results: This study found that women whose marriages were decided conditionally on the provision of dowry to the groom’s family reported it to have had a positive impact on marital life (aOR: 11.5). Consenting to a marriage was positively associated with positive marital life (aOR: 36.8), as was the case when the marriage was contingent on dowry to be given to the groom’s family (aOR: 10.4). Provision of a dowry was not protective from physical (aOR: 3.7), sexual (aOR: 3.7), or psychological violence (aOR: 8.9). Conclusion: Dowry practices exist in Pakistani culture, despite the fact that dowry wives experience IPV. However, women perceive that the provision of dowry to groom’s family has a positive impact on marital life. In the immediate future, to protect women in and entering into marriage, there should be a strengthening of women’s organizations to provide legal, social and medical supports to women in need as well as the training of medical and paramedical professionals to recognize and respond to IPV.  Continuous...

scholarly journals Violence Experience among Immigrants and Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Napolitano ◽  
Luciano Gualdieri ◽  
Gabriella Santagati ◽  
Italo Francesco Angelillo
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immigrants And Refugees ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Different Characteristics

The objectives of this cross-sectional investigation among a random sample of immigrants and refugees in Italy were to gain an insight into the extent and type of the episodes of violence and to assess their association with different characteristics. Data was collected from September 2016 to July 2017 using a face-to-face structured interview. A total of 503 subjects participated. Overall, 46.5% and 40% of the sample reported having experienced some form of violence in Italy at least once since they arrived and during the last 12 months. Psychological violence was the most common form experienced by 53.2% of the participants, 40.3% experiencing physical violence, 18.9% economic violence, and only 6.5% intimate partner violence. The risk of experiencing at least one form of violence in the last 12 months in Italy was more likely to occur among immigrants who have been in Italy much longer and less likely in those who lived in a camp. The number of episodes of violence experienced since they arrived in Italy was significantly higher in female, in those who have been in Italy much longer and in those who had experienced at least one racially discriminatory episode of violence, whereas those with middle and high school or above educational level and those who did not experience psychological consequences of the violence had experienced a lower number of episodes. These results must be used to strengthen interventions and policies aimed at preventing violence among this population.

scholarly journals Violence against women before and during gestation: differences in prevalence rates and perpetrators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-501
Author(s):  
Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Bianca Portela Teles Pessoa ◽  
Galvani Ascar Sauaia ◽  
Lilia Blima Schraiber ◽  
Rejane Christine de Sousa Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objectives: to analyze differences in prevalence and perpetrators of violence against women before and during pregnancy. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,446 pregnant women interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in the São Luís municipality (Brazil). Thirteen questions measured psychological, physical and sexual violence in the 12 months before and during pregnancy. Psychological/physical/sexual violence was defined as any type of violence perpetrated against the interviewees. The perpetrators were categorized into intimate partner, other family members, community members, and multiple perpetrators. Differences between violence before and during pregnancy were analyzed by the chi-square test. Results: psychological/physical/sexual and psychological violence were more prevalent during pregnancy than before gestation (p<0.001). Insults, humiliation and intimidation (p<0.05) were more frequently reported during pregnancy. An intimate partner was the most frequent perpetrator. There were no differences in the percentage of moderate and severe forms of physical violence and sexual violence, recurrence of aggressions and perpetrators in both periods (p>0.05). Conclusions: gestation did not protect users of prenatal services in São Luís municipality from psychological, physical and sexual violence. Psychological/physical/sexual and psychological violence were more commonly practiced during pregnancy. The perpetrators of violence in the year before gestation continued to abuse the interviewees during pregnancy

Lifetime experiences of violence against women and men in Sweden

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482094507
Author(s):  
Mariella Öberg ◽  
Gun Heimer ◽  
Steven Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifetime Exposure ◽  
Physical And Psychological Violence

Aims: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine the prevalence of lifetime exposure to sexual, physical and psychological violence among a representative sample of women and men in Sweden, and to analyze if there were gender differences regarding the types of violence the participants were exposed to and by whom it was perpetrated. Methods: A survey containing questions about lifetime experiences of sexual, physical and psychological violence was sent to a national sample of 10,000 women and 10,000 men aged 18–74; 56.8% of the women and 46.5% of the men agreed to participate. Results: Sexual violence in childhood was reported by 26.4% of women and 22.1% experienced sexual violence in adulthood. Among men, 11% disclosed experiences of sexual violence in childhood and 4.5% in adulthood. Physical violence was experienced by 39.3% of women in childhood and by 18.8% as adults, often by a present or former partner. Among men, 59.3% were exposed to physical violence during childhood, often by a peer, and 20.4% as adults. Psychological violence in childhood was experienced by 58.1% of women in childhood and by 21.8% in adulthood. Among male respondents, 69.2% reported experiences of physiological violence in childhood, often by a peer, and 9.4% in adulthood. Conclusions: Lifetime violence exposure is common in the Swedish population. Though it affects both women and men, the patterns of type of violence and perpetrators are different. The results suggest that violence prevention early in life is important to target.

scholarly journals Low use of Modern Family Planning Methods in women suffering from Physical and Psychological abuse by their partiners: Findings from Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrimi Simion Baritwa ◽  
Angelina Alphonce Joho
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Modern Family Planning

Abstract Background: Married women who experience intimate partner violence are less likely to negotiate with their partners on modern family planning use. This study aimed to assess the influence of intimate partner violence on modern family planning use among married women in Mara region.Methods: A community based analytical cross-sectional study which included 366 married women in Mara from May to July 2019. Seven multistage sampling techniques were employed to select the sample size. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data which were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression model was applied to determine the predictors of modern family planning use. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) was 73% with 54.1% physical violence, 36.3% psychological violence and 25.4%, sexual violence. The prevalence of modern family planning (FP) use was 62%, the most common method practiced by married women was injection (depo Provera) (49.1%). Factors associated with FP use were physical violence (AOR = 0.32, p = 0.0056), psychological violence (AOR = 0.22, p = 0.0022), religious (AOR = 4.6, p = 0.0085) and availability of preferred FP methods (AOR = 9.27, p<0.0001).Conclusion: This study shows a positive association between FP use and IPV. Effective intervention is required to increase modern family plan use and reducing intimate partner violence.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence and Depression in Women in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiman Yuan ◽  
Therese Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a major public health and social problem globally, with consequences for the individual, family, and society. But there is relatively little research on IPV in China. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different types of violence among women and to determine the risk factors and the association with depression. A cross-sectional study among women who had ever been in a relationship was conducted in six provinces across the three regions of China from July to September 2018 using a self-completion questionnaire developed for the study. The provincial capital and one rural county were purposively selected in each province. Questionnaires were distributed in hospitals and public places. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. Data for 2,987 women were analyzed. The prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence was 77.7%, 40.2%, and 11%, respectively: 52% had experienced two or three types of violence in their life. After adjustment, risk factors for all-type IPV were low occupational status, having one child or more, living in western provinces, having an income lower than partner’s, and economic pressure. The prevalence of depression was 65.8% in women who experienced psychological violence, 69.5% for physical violence, and 75.8% for sexual violence. For psychological, physical, and sexual violence, the odds ratio for depression were 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.15, 3.07]), 2.07 [1.76, 2.43], and 2.26 [1.73, 2.95], respectively, after controlling for age, occupation, education attainment, and residence. There is a clear need to raise awareness about IPV and to develop approaches for prevention and management. The new Domestic Violence Law represents a step in the right direction.

scholarly journals Prevalence, determinants, and effects of violence during pregnancy: A maternity-based cross-sectional study in Luanda, Angola

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazi Nimi ◽  
Silvia Fraga ◽  
Diogo Costa ◽  
Paulo Campos ◽  
Henrique Barros
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy ◽  
Effects Of Violence

Information on the extent of violence against women is scarce in Angola. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of violence against pregnant women in Angola and to identify its sociodemographic determinants and effects on pregnancy outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2012 and February 2013, involving 995 women who delivered at a Maternity in Luanda, Angola. Information was collected through questionnaires administered by interviewers. The prevalence of violence during pregnancy was 13.0%. Exclusively physical, psychological or sexual violence was reported by 4.3%, 7.7% and 0.2% of the women, respectively. After adjustment, the occurrence of physical violence decreased with increasing age and education, and was more common among women who consumed alcohol during pregnancy, while psychological violence was significantly more frequent among women aged 20 to 24 years and those who had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 15, and less frequent among those who were married or in cohabitation. This first study describing violence against pregnant Angolan women showed that violence is a frequent event, supporting that violence assessment should be considered in antenatal care.

Health Implications of Partner Violence Against Women in Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Alhassan Issahaku
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Marital Violence ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women

This article explores the health implications of partner violence against women in Ghana using data from northern Ghana. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 443 women contacted at health facilities in the northern region. Results indicate that 7 out of 10 women have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) within the past 12 months; 62% had experienced psychological violence, 29% had experienced physical violence, and 34% had experienced sexual violence. Participants reported health problems associated with violence, including injury, thoughts of suicide, sleep disruption, and fear of partner (FP). Logistic regression analyses showed that women who reported physical, psychological, and sexual violence, respectively, had 3.94 times, 10.50 times, and 2.21 times the odds of reporting thoughts of suicide, whereas the odds that women who reported physical, psychological, and sexual violence would report sleep disruption were 4.82 times higher, 4.44 times higher, and 2.50 times higher, respectively. However, only physical and psychological violence predicted the odds of FP. This study shows that IPV is a health risk factor among women in Ghana. Measures that should be designed to improve the health of women experiencing marital violence are suggested.

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