scholarly journals Review of medicine utilization for Parkinson’s disease management: the Bulgarian perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zornitsa Mitkova ◽  
Maria Kamusheva ◽  
Dobrinka Kalpachka ◽  
Desislava Ignatova ◽  
Konstantin Tachkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Decarboxylase Inhibitor ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD), which occurs in 1% of the population, is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Despite the broad spectrum of PD manifestations and high disease prevalence, there are insufficient data on medicine utilization and prescription strategies. The purpose of the current study was to analyze published data concerning treatment approaches and to compare them with Bulgarian therapeutic practice.Design and methods: We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and we calculated medicine utilization in Bulgaria during 2018 and 2019 using the WHO methodology.Results: The literature search identified a total of 311 publications, but only 12 met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies pointed out that levodopa-containing medicine are the most frequently used, followed by dopamine agonists. The highest rate was found for levodopa-containing products and decarboxylase inhibitor (1.06 and 1.33 DDD/1000 inh/day), followed by anticholinergic Biperiden (0.494 and 0.455 DDD/1000 inh/day) during 2018 and 2019 in Bulgaria.Conclusion: Overall, the treatment approaches used in the last decade comply with guideline recommendations, despite variations in levodopa and dopamine agonist utilization. Even though new medicines have been approved for PD management, levodopa-containing products are still most often prescribed and used worldwide.

Dopamine agonists for parkinson’s disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Dopa Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Inhibitor ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
The Uk

Bromocriptine, lysuride (formerly lisuride, Revanil – Roche) and pergolide (not yet marketed in the UK) are dopamine agonists developed for use in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Combination of a dopamine agonist with levodopa plus a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (‘co-dieldopa’)* may have advantages at all stages of the disease. The aim of combined co-dieldopa + agonist treatment is to limit some of the problems with prolonged co-dieldopa use alone; especially fluctuations in motor disability.1 It is still not clear how the three agonists compare with each other for therapeutic efficacy, duration of action, and side effects, nor how they are best combined with co-dieldopa.

Parkinson's Disease Genetics and Pathophysiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Gabriel E. Vázquez-Vélez ◽  
Huda Y. Zoghbi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta and by accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies. PD is caused by a combination of environmental factors and genetic variants. These variants range from highly penetrant Mendelian alleles to alleles that only modestly increase disease risk. Here, we review what is known about the genetics of PD. We also describe how PD genetics have solidified the role of endosomal, lysosomal, and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight how all three pathways are affected by α-synuclein and how this knowledge may be harnessed for the development of disease-modifying therapeutics.

scholarly journals Endosomal Trafficking in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir H. Qureshi ◽  
Penelope Baez ◽  
Christiane Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis ◽  
Endosomal Trafficking ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Ceroid Lipofuscinosis ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

ABSTRACT Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders of early life, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of midlife, while Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of late life. While they are phenotypically distinct, recent studies suggest that they share a biological pathway, retromer-dependent endosomal trafficking. A retromer is a multimodular protein assembly critical for sorting and trafficking cargo out of the endosome. As a lysosomal storage disease, all 13 of NCL’s causative genes affect endolysosomal function, and at least four have been directly linked to retromer. PD has several known causative genes, with one directly linked to retromer and others causing endolysosomal dysfunction. AD has over 25 causative genes/risk factors, with several of them linked to retromer or endosomal trafficking dysfunction. In this article, we summarize the emerging evidence on the association of genes causing NCL with retromer function and endosomal trafficking, review the recent evidence linking NCL genes to AD, and discuss how NCL, AD, and PD converge on a shared molecular pathway. We also discuss this pathway’s role in microglia and neurons, cell populations which are critical to proper brain homeostasis and whose dysfunction plays a key role in neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue “Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders”

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4250
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Imai
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by age-dependent motor dysfunction and degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons [...]

scholarly journals Pesticides and Parkinson’s Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd B. Sherer ◽  
Ranjita Betarbet ◽  
J. Timothy Greenamyre
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Selective Death ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder affects approximately 1% of the population over 65. PD is a late-onset progressive motor disease characterized by tremor, rigidity (stiffness), and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). The hallmark of PD is the selective death of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta which send their projections to the striatum and the presence of cytoplasmic aggregates called Lewy bodies [1-2]. Most cases of PD are sporadic but rare cases are familial, with earlier onset. The underlying mechanisms and causes of PD still remain unclear.

scholarly journals Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Antonini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease and is responsible for significant morbidity and costs. Non-motor manifestations of PD can be as disabling as the classic motor symptoms. Moreover, medications used to treat PD motor symptoms may have variable effects on these non-motor domains.

scholarly journals Dysfunction of Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zou ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Zhentao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Progressive Disorder ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is a chronic and progressive disorder estimated to affect at least 4 million people worldwide. Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, it has been found that the dysfunction of synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) in neural terminal happens before the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Recently, accumulating evidence reveals that the PD-linked synaptic genes, including DNAJC6, SYNJ1, and SH3GL2, significantly contribute to the disruptions of SVE, which is vital for the pathogenesis of PD. In addition, the proteins encoded by other PD-associated genes such as SNCA, LRRK2, PRKN, and DJ-1 also play key roles in the regulation of SVE. Here we present the facts about SVE-related genes and discussed their potential relevance to the pathogenesis of PD.

scholarly journals Case Report: Levodopa - induced creative awakening in a patient with Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Sanju George ◽  
Jacob Chacko ◽  
Sheetal Cyriac
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Levodopa Treatment ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Parkinson’s disease is primarily a neurodegenerative disorder and presents with neurological symptoms but it can also have  accompanying psychiatric symptoms. In addition, in some patients with Parkinson’s disease there can be an awakening of their creativity, which can take several forms. Such creativity can be seen in art-naïve patients or in whom the creativity lay dormant. Although the precise mechanism for this phenomenon is not understood, treatment with levodopa and dopamine agonists have been considered responsible in some cases. Here, we describe a patient with Parkinson’s disease in whom levodopa treatment triggered a latent creative skill that was dormant since childhood. Through the patient’s own and his wife’s eyes, we discuss the clinical benefits of this phenomenon.

EFFICIENCY OF DOPAMINE AGONISTS ONCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Nodira Akhmatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects about 1-2% of the population over 65 years old and up to3-5% of people aged 85 years and older. PD is a neurode generative disease characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms. According to published data, non-motor symptoms (NMS) are detected in 70-100% of patients with PD. The main clinical symptoms of PD are well known, but it is necessary to continue to study changes in symptoms as they progress.

scholarly journals Curcumin Effectively Rescued Parkinson’s Disease-Like Phenotypes in a Novel Drosophila melanogaster Model with dUCH Knockdown

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽  
My Dung Vuu ◽  
Man Anh Huynh ◽  
Masamitsu Yamaguchi ◽  
Linh Thuoc Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

The relationship between oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases has been extensively examined, and antioxidants are considered to be a promising approach for decelerating disease progression. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and affects 1% of the population over 60 years of age. A complex combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. However, since the onset mechanisms of PD have not yet been elucidated in detail, difficulties are associated with developing effective treatments. Curcumin has been reported to have neuroprotective properties in PD models induced by neurotoxins or genetic factors such as α-synuclein, PINK1, DJ-1, and LRRK2. In the present study, we investigated the effects of curcumin in a novel Drosophila model of PD with knockdown of dUCH, a homolog of human UCH-L1. We found that dopaminergic neuron-specific knockdown of dUCH caused impaired movement and the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the knockdown of dUCH induced oxidative stress while curcumin decreased the ROS level induced by this knockdown. In addition, dUCH knockdown flies treated with curcumin had improved locomotive abilities and less severe neurodegeneration. Taken together, with studies on other PD models, these results strongly suggest that treatments with curcumin are an appropriate therapy for PD related to oxidative stress.

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