The war of ethical worlds: why an acceptance of Posthumanism on Mars does not imply a follow up on Earth

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327
Author(s):  
Mirko Daniel Garasic
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Space Colonization ◽  
Different Levels

Space bioethics, or the bioethical approach to space exploration, is still a very limited field that mostly spins off from debates that we are having on Earth already. When discussing hypothetical scenarios such as that of colonizing Mars or other planets we tend to filter such conceptualizations through the eyes of our earthly standpoint. Yet, by looking into some of the approaches that various Posthumanist scholars with different levels of space exploration enthusiasm propose, we should resist the temptation to establish or reinforce a continuity between the ethical standards applied on Earth and Mars (or other planets or contexts in Space that substantially differ from Earth). This temptation is indeed very strong in the current literature; hence it needs to be addressed so to help us not being deviated from understanding what Mars or space colonization might indeed imply for humanity. This paper wants to introduce to a wider audience the concern that it is of crucial importance to acknowledge that the exceptionality of the conditions occurring in space should not be used as a tool to lower our guard towards a mass implementation of societal, biological and ethical revolutions on this planet and our world as the result of maladapting states of exceptionality that might work well in space but have a much weaker ethical legitimacy on Earth.

149 Emergency Clot Retrieval and Stenting for Posterior Circulation Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Daga ◽  
M T Ahmad ◽  
M Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Basilar Artery Stenosis

Abstract The current literature regarding the morphology and presentations of strokes due to basilar artery stenosis/occlusion is limited. This pathology is a rare cause of stroke and its management is not clearly decided in guidelines or published literature. Moreover, posterior circulation strokes are reported to be more devastating than anterior circulation. We present a case of a 68-year-old male who presented in an acute setting with reduced consciousness, myoclonic jerks, weakness and nausea due to a stroke from an occluded mid-segment basilar artery. MRI showed evidence of left cerebellar and right occipital infarcts. Emergent cerebral angiography was performed, and he was immediately treated by thrombectomy and stenting (Stryker Wingspan stent). The patient made a full recovery within one week and remained well at follow-up 3 months post-procedure. Emergency recanalization of basilar artery strokes, by clot retrieval and stenting, should be considered as a treatment option.

The Authenticity and Ethics of Phenomenological Research: How to Overcome the Researcher's Own Views

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arja Häggman-Laitila
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Data Gathering And Analysis

This article is based on the assumption that the researcher cannot detach from his or her own view in phenomenological research. The researcher is assumed to be able to understand the experiences of an individual only through the points of departure created by the researcher's own view. The goal of this article is to describe practical aspects and their theoretical grounds that are of crucial importance in overcoming a researcher's views in data gathering and analysis. Its purpose is to clarify the authenticity and ethical standards concerning the views of the researcher in phenomenological research.

scholarly journals Developing a Professionalism Manual for Nurse Managers to Improve Their Perception Regarding Professionalism and Professional Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237796082110261
Author(s):  
Marwa H. Ageiz ◽  
Hayam A. Elshrief ◽  
Huda M. Bakeer
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Background Developing a professional identity is rooted in the dimensions of professionalism and professional development. Moreover, the need for teaching professionalism has a mutual relationship with the formation of a desirable professional identity. Aim The current study aimed at developing a professionalism manual for the nurse managers to improve their perception regarding professionalism and professional identity. Design Quasi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up was used. Setting The study was conducted at two different hospitals; Menoufia University hospital and Al-helal Insurance hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects The participants included all nurse managers at different levels from the two different hospitals ( n =100). Tools: tool 1: Professionalism Questionnaire and tool 2: Professional Identity Assessment Questionnaire were used to collect data. Results there was a statistically significant improvement in professionalism perception and professional identity level immediately after administering the professionalism manual and after three months in the follow-up phase than the pre-test phase. Additionally, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between two variables of the study at the post and follow-up phases, but not significant at the pre-test phase. Conclusion the professionalism manual was effective in improving nurse managers’ perceptions regarding professionalism and professional identity. Recommendations: Incorporate the attributes of professionalism that were included in the professionalism manual as a guide for the performance review processes of nurses.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-Related Complications in Patients With Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-553
Author(s):  
Marco Pappaccogli ◽  
Aleksander Prejbisz ◽  
Simina Ciurică ◽  
Rosa Maria Bruno ◽  
Anna Aniszczuk-Hybiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Aneurysm Rupture ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Renal Revascularization ◽  
Arterial Complications ◽  
N 93

Current literature suggests a higher risk of pregnancy-related complications in patients with renal fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). The aim of our study was to assess the nature and prevalence of pregnancy-related complications in patients subsequently diagnosed with FMD. A call for participation was sent to centers contributing to the European/International FMD Registry. Patients with at least 1 pregnancy were included. Data on pregnancy were collected through medical files and FMD characteristics through the European/International FMD Registry. Data from 534 pregnancies were obtained in 237 patients. Despite the fact that, in 96% of cases, FMD was not diagnosed before pregnancy, 40% of women (n=93) experienced pregnancy-related complications, mostly gestational hypertension (25%) and preterm birth (20%), while preeclampsia was reported in only 7.5%. Only 1 patient experienced arterial dissection and another patient an aneurysm rupture. When compared with patients without pregnancy-related complications, patients with complicated pregnancies were younger at FMD diagnosis (43 versus 51 years old; P <0.001) and had a lower prevalence of cerebrovascular FMD (30% versus 52%; P =0.003) but underwent more often renal revascularization (63% versus 40%, P <0.001). In conclusion, the prevalence of pregnancy-related complications such as gestational hypertension and preterm birth was high in patients with FMD, probably related to the severity of renal FMD. However, the prevalence of preeclampsia and arterial complications was low/moderate. These findings emphasize the need to screen hypertensive women for FMD to ensure revascularization before pregnancy if indicated and appropriate follow-up during pregnancy, without discouraging patients with FMD from considering pregnancy.

scholarly journals Protocol for the systematic review of the epidemiology of superficial Streptococcal A infections (skin and throat) in Australia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255789
Author(s):  
Sophie Wiegele ◽  
Elizabeth McKinnon ◽  
Rosemary Wyber ◽  
Katharine Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
Group A

Objective We have produced a protocol for the comprehensive systematic review of the current literature around superficial group A Streptococcal infections in Australia. Methods MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Global Health, Cochrane, CINAHL databases and the gray literature will be methodically and thoroughly searched for studies relating to the epidemiology of superficial group A Streptococcal infections between the years 1970 and 2019. Data will be extracted to present in the follow up systematic review. Conclusion A rigorous and well-organised search of the current literature will be performed to determine the current and evolving epidemiology of superficial group A Streptococcal infections in Australia.

scholarly journals OC-8723 CREATING AND ENHANCING TRUSTWORTHY, RESPONSIBLE AND EQUITABLE PARTNERSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A18.2-A19
Author(s):  
Michelle Singh ◽  
Michael Makanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Global Research

Achieving equity in international research remains a crucial concern of the 21st century. Despite initiatives by international organisations on governance frameworks and standards to guide research conduct, such efforts remain disparate and lack focus. In an interdisciplinary collaboration between multi-level ethics bodies, policy-advisors, civil society, funders, industry and academic scholars, the TRUST project combines long-standing, highly respected efforts to establish international governance structures along with networking opportunities between Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.The goal of TRUST is to catalyse a collaborative effort to improve adherence to high ethical standards in global research. The strategic outputs of the project encompass a set of ethics tools developed through participatory engagement traversing all continents: (i) a global code of conduct for funders, (ii) a fair research contracting web-tool (iii) and a compliance and ethics follow-up tool.Since project inception in October 2015, the TRUST consortium has a) created an international network on global research ethics governance to identify generic risks of exporting non-ethical practices; b) established funder and industry platforms; c) identified typical case studies of exporting non-ethical practices and reported on lessons learnt; d) developed a global code of conduct that will be used by the European Commission and like-minded funders to foster ethical research and equitable partnerships; e) designed an online Fair Research Contracting tool to empower vulnerable populations under non-ideal conditions; and f) drafted a compliance and ethics follow-up tool, for conditions of high vulnerability.TRUST envisages to make a tremendous impact on three major issues: a) enhancing the rights of indigenous people who have borne a disproportionate burden of research whilst being potentially highly vulnerable to exploitation; b) increasing civil society engagement and improving uptake of the ethics dimension in research and innovation; and c) improving global awareness of the highest ethical standards along with clear, defined incentives for research competitiveness.

scholarly journals Alveolar Echinococcosis in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emilija Jonaitytė ◽  
Martynas Judickas ◽  
Eglė Tamulevičienė ◽  
Milda Šeškutė
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an infectious zoonotic disease that is caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. The disease is generally identified accidentally because of the long asymptomatic period, has a malignant behaviour, and mainly occurs in the liver. Usually it is diagnosed in adults and is very rare in pediatric patients. We report two cases of AE and 1 differential case between AE and cystic echinococcosis (CE) in children: two of them had lesions in the liver and one had rare extrahepatic presentation of a cyst in the spleen. All our patients received chemotherapy with albendazole because surgical treatment was not recommended. The children were followed-up from 10 to 30 months and no significant improvement was seen. In this report we discuss the difficulties we faced in the treatment and follow-up of these patients. We also review the main clinical manifestations, general diagnostic methods, and treatment options of AE according to the current literature.

scholarly journals Management of Mesh Complications after SUI and POP Repair: Review and Analysis of the Current Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Barski ◽  
D. Y. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Mesh Complications ◽  
Experienced Surgeon ◽  
Mesh Material ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Pop Repair

Purpose.To evaluate the surgical treatment concepts for the complications related to the implantation of mesh material for urogynecological indications.Materials and Methods.A review of the current literature on PubMed was performed.Results.Only retrospective studies were detected. The rate of mesh-related complications is about 15–25% and mesh erosion is up to 10% for POP and SUI repair. Mesh explantation is necessary in about 1-2% of patients due to complications. The initial approach appears to be an early surgical treatment with partial or complete mesh resection. Vaginal and endoscopic access for mesh resection is favored. Prior to recurrent surgeries, a careful examination and planning for the operation strategy are crucial.Conclusions.The data on the management of mesh complication is scarce. Revisions should be performed by an experienced surgeon and a proper follow-up with prospective documentation is essential for a good outcome.

scholarly journals Epibulbar Nodular Fasciitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
David John Massop ◽  
Paul Adam Frederick ◽  
He J. Li ◽  
Amy Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Nodular Fasciitis

Purpose: To report a case of epibulbar nodular fasciitis in a 32-year-old female and provide context by reviewing the current literature. Results: Using excisional biopsy, the patient was successfully diagnosed and treated for epibulbar nodular fasciitis. Upon follow-up, there has been no recurrence, consistent with the typical course for nodular fasciitis. Conclusions: Epibulbar nodular fasciitis is a rare process that can be successfully treated by surgical resection. While two cases of trauma-associated epibulbar nodular fasciitis have been present in the literature, our case did not have such a history. The etiology of nodular fasciitis remains unclear.

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