scholarly journals Serological profile of hepatitis B in children after the introduction of its vaccination in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoura Barro ◽  
Diane Valea ◽  
Saga Alain Ouermi ◽  
Sanata Sessouma ◽  
Bintou Sanogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Serological Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization

Viral hepatitis B is a public health issue. We establish the children serological profile of hepatitis B in Bobo-Dioulasso, six years after the introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into the Expanded Program on Immunization. This was a descriptive study of prospective data collection carried out in the Department of Pediatrics and the laboratory of virology of the Centre MURAZ of Bobo-Dioulasso between March 2013 and May 2013. Blood samples were made in search of the following hepatitis B serological markers: anti-HBcAb total, HBsAg, Ac anti-HBs, HBeAg, AcHBs, IgM anti-HBc total. The ELISA method with the Monolisa BIORAD reagents was used. A total of 2015 children were included, 1026 (50, 9%) boys and 989 (49.1%) girls, at an average age of 58±48 months. Out of these 2015 children, 53 (2.6%) were positive to HBsAg including 19 vaccinated cases, one child has received 3 doses plus 1 booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. We found no statistically significant difference in the carriage of serologic markers of hepatitis B between the unvaccinated group and the vaccinated group. Large-scale studies should be carried out in Burkina Faso to see the real impact of vaccination on the health of our populations.

scholarly journals Protective effect of vaccinating infants with a 5 µg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Miao ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Xiaojin Sun ◽  
Guomin Zhang ◽  
Fuzhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract In 2002, China integrated hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) into its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) using HepB vaccine containing 5 µg of antigen. Although not recommended nationally, there was a common clinical practice in China of screening children for anti-HBs antibody level and giving a booster dose to HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative children with non-protective anti-HBs antibody levels. We report an evaluation of the protective effectiveness of the 5 µg HepB vaccine and the serological response to the booster dose. We used data from a 2014 hepatitis B serological survey to determine HBsAg positivity and anti-HBs antibody levels among children who received and did not receive a booster dose. We determined HepB coverage from the Children Immunization Information Management System (CIIMS). We obtained and analyzed reports of acute Hepatitis B (AHB) during 2008–2014 obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). The HBsAg-positive rate among children who had not received a booster dose was 0.41%, and did not increase with age (i.e., time since infant immunization). The anti-HBs positivity rate among the 6% of children who received a booster dose (88.41%) was higher than among those who had not received a booster (60.85%); anti-HBs antibody levels declined with age regardless of booster dose status. There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg positivity between children who received a booster dose and those who did not. The AHB incidence among children born between 2002 and 2007 did not increase with age. Use of routine 5 µg HepB vaccine was not associated with an increase in AHB or of HBsAg positivity by time since vaccination, providing supportive evidence that individuals vaccinated with the 5 µg HepB vaccine do not need a booster dose. Although a booster dose was associated with increases in anti-HBs antibody levels, our study provided no evidence to support the need for this clinical practice. We should continue to strengthen serological monitoring of children, especially for those born to HBsAg positive mothers.

scholarly journals IMMUNOGENICITY OF LOW-DOSE INTRAMUSCULAR AND INTRADERMAL VACCINATION WITH RECOMBINANT HEPATITIS B VACCINE

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Dalva TURCHI ◽  
Celina Maria Turchi MARTELLI ◽  
Maria Lúcia FERRAZ ◽  
Antonio Eduardo SILVA ◽  
Divina das Dores de Paula CARDOSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

The study is a randomized trial using recombinant DNA vaccine to determine whether an intramuscular 10 µg dose or intradermal 2 µg induces satisfactory anti-HBs levels compared to the standard dose of intramuscular 20 µg. participants were 359 healthy medical and nurse students randomly allocated to one of the three groups: Group I - IM 20 µg; Group II - IM 10 µg; Group III - ID 2 µg at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-HBs titres were measured after complete vaccine schedule by ELISA/Pasteur. Baseline variables were similar among groups and side effects were mild after any dose. Vaccinees in the IM-10 µg group had seroconversion rate and geometric mean titre (GMT 2344 IU L-1), not significant different from the IM-20 µg group (GMT 4570 IU L-1). On the contrary, 21.4% of the ID - 2 µg recipients mount antibody concentration below 10 IU L1 and GMT of 91 IU L-1, a statiscally significant difference compared with the standard schedule IM-20 µg (p < 0.001). A three dose regimen of half dosse IM could be considered an appropriate schedule to prevent hepatitis B in young health adults which is of relevance to the expansion of hepatitis B vaccine programme

scholarly journals Seroconversion after Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccination

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Guho ◽  
Md Abdul Ahad ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
AKM Enamul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Population

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is an important public health problem with significant morbidity andmortality. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection is in practice in differentparts of the world since its availability in 1986. Government of Bangladesh has also included hepatitis B vaccine inEPI schedule since 2005.Materials and methods: This study was carried out to assess the seroconversion status among hepatitis Bvaccinated individuals. A total of 190 individuals including 150 vaccinated persons and 40 non-vaccinated apparentlyhealthy individuals were included as study population. Sources of vaccinated persons were from both EPI and non-EPI schedule of vaccination. Age and sex matched non-vaccinated individuals served as controls for the study. Allindividuals constituting the study population were screened for HBsAg by Immunochromatographic strip test andonly HBsAg-negative persons were included for estimation of their anti-HBs titer.Results: Out of 150 vaccinated individuals, 133(88.67%) were found to have anti-HBs titer in the protective level(>10 IU/L), while 17(11.33%) individuals had anti-HBs titer below the protective level (<10 IU/L). All non-vaccinatedcontrols had anti-HBs titers below the protective level. Regarding immune response developed among vaccinatedindividuals, 67.78%, 23.33% and 8.89% were good-responders, hypo-responders and non-responders respectively.Mean titer of anti-HBs was found significantly higher among recipients who received booster dose than those whoreceived 3 doses schedule (863.39 IU/L vs. 262.40 IU/L), indicating high antibody titer develops after booster dose.Vaccinated group included 85 (56.67%) men and 65 (43.33%) women with protective level of anti-HBs titer foundin 85.88% male and 92.31% female individuals. There was no significant difference of anti-HBs titer between maleand female (p>0.05). Vaccinated individuals from lower socioeconomic condition have had comparatively low rateof protective antibody than people from middle and upper classes.Conclusion: Recombinant HB vaccine induces good level of protective immunity among vaccinated persons.Keywords: Hepatitis B; hepatitis B vaccine; seroconversion; BangladeshDOI: 10.3329/jom.v11i2.5461J MEDICINE 2010; 11 : 143-150

scholarly journals 286. Hepatitis B Vaccine Compliance: Comparing 2-Dose and 3-Dose Vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S156-S156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Bruxvoort ◽  
Jeff Slezak ◽  
Runxin Huang ◽  
Lina S Sy ◽  
William Towner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Series Completion ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background Less than 1 in 3 US adults who initiated the 3-dose (0, 1, 6 months) hepatitis B vaccine series have completed it. HepB-CpG (Heplisav-B; Dynavax) is a new licensed adjuvanted vaccine that requires only 2 doses (0, 1 month). As part of a cluster study performed at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, we compared compliance with second dose and series completion for HepB-CpG vs. comparator vaccine (Engerix-B; GlaxoSmithKline) recipients. Methods The cohort included adults not on dialysis who received their first dose of hepatitis B vaccine in family or internal medicine departments from 8/7/2018 to 2/1/2019. Second dose compliance was assessed for the full cohort, but series completion was assessed for a subset vaccinated from August 7, 2018 to September 30, 2018 to allow at least 6 months’ follow-up. Compliance rates were estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression with robust variance to account for within medical center correlation, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, census block income and education, prior healthcare utilization, and factors that trigger alerts for hepatitis B vaccination (diabetes and testing for sexually transmitted infections). Results There were 6500 HepB-CpG and 7733 comparator vaccine recipients (1,442 and 2,604 prior to September 30, 2018). Rates of second dose compliance at 60 days were 32.9% for HepB-CpG and 29.1% for comparator vaccine, and rates of series completion at 210 days were 56.9% and 20.6%. There was no significant difference in second dose compliance (aHR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.47), but HepB-CpG recipients were 5 times more likely to complete the series (aHR 5.17; 95% CI: 3.84, 6.98). Second dose compliance and series completion were significantly less likely among Blacks compared with Whites and significantly more likely among Asians, adults ≥60 years compared with those < 30 years, and adults living in census blocks with a median annual income of $40,000–69,000 compared with < $40,000. Conclusion Overall, second dose compliance was similar, but series completion was better for HepB-CpG recipients than comparator vaccine recipients, suggesting that the 2-dose vaccine could lead to improvements in coverage and protection against hepatitis B virus. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Cost-effectiveness of adding a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine in the Dafra district of the Hauts-Bassins Region in Burkina Faso (NéoVac Study)

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Gosset ◽  
Mamadou Yaya Diallo ◽  
Edouard Betsem ◽  
Laura Schaeffer ◽  
Nicolas Meda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Birth Dose

scholarly journals Evidence supporting deployment of next generation insecticide treated nets in Burkina Faso: bioassays with either chlorfenapyr or piperonyl butoxide increase mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawdetuo Aristide HIEN ◽  
Dieudonné D. Soma ◽  
Dramane Coulibaly ◽  
Abdoulaye Diabaté ◽  
Allison Belemvire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Pyrethroid resistance poses a major threat to the efficacy of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) in Burkina Faso and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, particularly when resistance is present at high intensity. For such areas there are alternative ITNs available, including the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based ITNs and dual active ingredient ITNs such as Interceptor G2 (treated with chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin). Before deploying alternative ITNs on a large scale it is crucial to characterize the resistance profiles of primary malaria vector species for evidence-based decision making Methods Larvae from the predominant vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l., were collected from 15 sites located throughout Burkina Faso and reared to adults for bioassays to assess insecticide resistance status. Resistance intensity assays were conducted using WHO tube tests to determine the level of resistance to pyrethroids commonly used on ITNs at 1x, 5x and 10x times the diagnostic dose. WHO tube tests were also used for PBO synergist bioassays with deltamethrin and permethrin. Bottle bioassays were conducted to determine susceptibility to chlorfenapyr at a dose of 100µg/bottle. Results WHO tube tests revealed high intensity resistance in An. gambiae s.l. to deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin in all sites tested. Resistance intensity to permethrin was either moderate or high in 13 sites. PBO pre-exposure followed by deltamethrin restored full susceptibility in 1 site but partially restored susceptibility in all but one of the remaining sites (often reaching mortality greater than 80%). PBO pre-exposure followed by permethrin partially restored susceptibility in 12 sites. There was no significant increase in permethrin mortality after PBO pre-exposure in Kampti, Karangasso-Vigué or Mangodara; while in Seguenega, Orodara and Bobo-Dioulasso there was a significant increase in mortality, but rates remained below 50%. Susceptibility to chlorfenapyr was confirmed in 14 sites. Conclusion High pyrethroid resistance intensity in An. gambiae s.l. is widespread across Burkina Faso and may be a predictor of reduced pyrethroid ITN effectiveness. PBO + deltamethrin ITNs would likely provide greater control than pyrethroid nets. However, since susceptibility in bioassays was not restored in most sites following pre-exposure to PBO, Interceptor G2 may be a better long-term solution as susceptibility was recorded to chlorfenapyr in nearly all sites. This study provides evidence supporting the introduction of both Interceptor G2 nets and PBO nets, which were distributed in Burkina Faso in 2019 as part of a mass campaign.

Integration of Hepatitis B Vaccine into the Expanded Program on Immunization: The Saudi Arabian Experience

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faleh Z. Al-Faleh ◽  
E. Ayobanji Ayoola ◽  
Mohammad Al-Jeffry ◽  
Mohammad Arif ◽  
Rashed S. Al-Rashed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization

scholarly journals Evidence supporting deployment of next generation insecticide treated nets in Burkina Faso: bioassays with either chlorfenapyr or piperonyl butoxide increase mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide S. Hien ◽  
Dieudonné D. Soma ◽  
Samina Maiga ◽  
Dramane Coulibaly ◽  
Abdoulaye Diabaté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Pyrethroid resistance poses a major threat to the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in Burkina Faso and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, particularly where resistance is present at high intensity. For such areas, there are alternative ITNs available, including the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based ITNs and dual active ingredient ITNs such as Interceptor G2 (treated with chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin). Before deploying alternative ITNs on a large scale it is crucial to characterize the resistance profiles of primary malaria vector species for evidence-based decision making. Methods Larvae from the predominant vector, Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) were collected from 15 sites located throughout Burkina Faso and reared to adults for bioassays to assess insecticide resistance status. Resistance intensity assays were conducted using WHO tube tests to determine the level of resistance to pyrethroids commonly used on ITNs at 1×, 5 × and 10 × times the diagnostic dose. WHO tube tests were also used for PBO synergist bioassays with deltamethrin and permethrin. Bottle bioassays were conducted to determine susceptibility to chlorfenapyr at a dose of 100 µg/bottle. Results WHO tube tests revealed high intensity resistance in An. gambiae s.l. to deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin in all sites tested. Resistance intensity to permethrin was either moderate or high in 13 sites. PBO pre-exposure followed by deltamethrin restored full susceptibility in one site and partially restored susceptibility in all but one of the remaining sites (often reaching mortality greater than 80%). PBO pre-exposure followed by permethrin partially restored susceptibility in 12 sites. There was no significant increase in permethrin mortality after PBO pre-exposure in Kampti, Karangasso-Vigué or Mangodara; while in Seguenega, Orodara and Bobo-Dioulasso there was a significant increase in mortality, but rates remained below 50%. Susceptibility to chlorfenapyr was confirmed in 14 sites. Conclusion High pyrethroid resistance intensity in An. gambiae s.l. is widespread across Burkina Faso and may be a predictor of reduced pyrethroid ITN effectiveness. PBO + deltamethrin ITNs would likely provide greater control than pyrethroid nets. However, since susceptibility in bioassays was not restored in most sites following pre-exposure to PBO, Interceptor G2 may be a better long-term solution as susceptibility was recorded to chlorfenapyr in nearly all sites. This study provides evidence supporting the introduction of both Interceptor G2 nets and PBO nets, which were distributed in Burkina Faso in 2019 as part of a mass campaign.

scholarly journals Parasitological Indices of Malaria Transmission in Children under Fifteen Years in Two Ecoepidemiological Zones in Southwestern Burkina Faso

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide S. Hien ◽  
Ibrahim Sangaré ◽  
Sanata Coulibaly ◽  
Moussa Namountougou ◽  
Léa Paré-Toé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The Impact

Twenty years after the latest publications performed on the parasitological indices of malaria transmission in northwest of the second city of Burkina Faso, it was important to update the epidemiological profile of malaria in children under the age of 15 years. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the parasitological parameters of malaria transmission by season, area, and age in the two zones (rice and savanna) in the northwest of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Overall, the results showed that there was no significant difference in the parasitological indices of malaria transmission within children under fifteen years between the rice site and the savannah site and whatever the season (P>0.05). The profound environmental modifications that occurred in the rice zone would have led to changes in vector behavior and consequently to changes in the epidemiological profile of malaria, contrary to the results obtained since the last publications. An entomological study correlated with this study is therefore necessary for effective decision-making for the malaria control in both areas. Future research must now focus on the impact that these profound environmental modifications of rice area are having on malaria control in Burkina Faso.

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