Assessment of Associated Factors of Tuberculosis among HIV/AIDS Patients in Misha District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a non-degenerative disease, which has a high negative health impact on both developed as well as developing countries. HIV, AIDS has increased the chance of TB occurrence.

Neuropsychological Characteristics of Adults with HIV: A Systematic Review

Introduction: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) is frequently reported even in patients undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), however, its severity, the main affected domains, and its relationship with ART are not well understood.

Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Elite Controller: A Case Report from Limpopo Province, South Africa

Elite Controllers (ECs) are a less frequent but distinct group of HIV infected patients. Recent treatment guidelines encourage ART initiation in all HIV-infected individuals as early as 2 possible to control the infection and prevent transmission. Initiating ART in ECs remains controversial, although there are multiple hypothetical benefits. Currently, there is evidence that ECs must be initiated on ART in order to prevent non-AIDS related comorbidities associated with immune activation. Clinicians are to weigh the risks and benefits of initiating ART as well as monitor the patients for effective therapy. In this case report, we present an HIV management dilemma of an EC, a middle-class South African woman from the Limpopo province.

Changes of Lipid Profile and Other Biological Parameters in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the General Referral Provincial Hospital of Bukavu, Eastern of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Objective: Metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemia and liver enzymes changes may be associated with the risk for developing cardiac disorder as well as liver toxicity in PLWH having HAART. This study investigated the biological pattern of PLWH on effective antiretroviral therapy in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Anti-Periodontopathic Antibody Response in Chronic HIV Infection

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection may alter antibody responses against periodontopathic bacteria, increasing the susceptibility for gingival and periodontal disorders in HIV-infected individuals. We describe the oral health of HIV-infected individuals receiving stable Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and determine their association with serum anti-periodontopathic bacteria antibody level.

Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Comprehensive Integrated HIV Prevention Program in Reducing Risky Sexual Behavior and Increasing Safe Sex Practice among Minority Young Adults: A Latent Growth Curve Model Approach

Aim: Since the early 1980s, sexual risk behaviors have become a severe public health concern in preventing the prevalence of HIV infection, especially among minority young adults. In the United States, minority young adults have higher than expected HIV infection than other racial groups. The spread of HIV infection among this vulnerable population has created a need to identify risk and protective factors, disease, and evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce disease transmission. The Comprehensive, Integrated HIV Prevention Program (CIHPP), is based on a derivative of the ecological epistemology framework that views risk factors as a multilevel concentric, including the individual, family, community, and societal levels. The framework asserts that any meaningful prevention strategy should examine these different levels and the effects on the population of interest. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of CIHPP in increasing sexual risk practice and reducing risky sexual behavior among minority young adults.

DING Protein Inhibits Transcription of HIV-1 Gene through Suppression of Phosphorylation of NF-κB p65

Introduction: Novel plant DING proteins (full-length 38 kDa p38SJ, and 27 kDa p27SJ) exhibit phosphatase activity and modulate HIV-1 gene transcription. Previously, we demonstrated that DING regulates HIV-1 gene transcription by dephosphorylation and inactivation of CTD RNA polymerase II, the major elongating factor of HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeats (LTR). Because the transcription of HIV-1 is controlled by several viral and cellular factors, including p65/p50 subunits of NF-κB, we hypothesized that DING phosphatase can also affect the phosphorylation and activity of p65 NF-κB, in addition to C-terminal Domain (CTD) of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII), to suppress HIV-1 gene transcription and inhibit HIV-1 infection.

Evaluation of HIV & AIDS Surveillance System in Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a country with low HIV prevalence among general population. The prevalence of HIV is less than 0.1% among general population, 4.4% among People who Inject Drugs-PWID, 0.7% among prisoners, 0.4% among Men with High Risk Behavior-MHRB and 0.3% among Women with High Risk Behaviors-WHRB. To manage the response toward HIV epidemic sound data is needed but the reliable data on HIV prevalence is inadequate and not updated in the country as the last Integrated Behavioral and Biologic Survey-IBBS was conducted in 2012.

HIV-1 and HIV-1-Tat Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Human Neurons

Introduction: Mitochondrial dysregulation is a key event in HIV-1 infection. Recent studies have suggested that age-related neurodegenerative disorders are associated with increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. As accelerated ageing was found in HIV-1 patients, we hypothesized that HIV-1 infection or HIV-1 proteins can lead to mtDNA damage. Unrepaired mtDNA impairs mitochondrial function, which can lead to oxidative stress and cell death. Investigations of mechanisms of mtDNA damage are limited by the lack of available human models.