scholarly journals Training Load, Injury Burden, and Team Success in Professional Rugby Union: Risk Versus Reward

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 960-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. West ◽  
Sean Williams ◽  
Simon P.T. Kemp ◽  
Robin Eager ◽  
Matthew J. Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Team Success ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
Mixed Modelling ◽  
Future Work

Context Individual and team injury burden and performance are 2 key considerations facing practitioners in the daily prescription of an athlete's training load. Whereas a considerable number of researchers have examined univariate relationships between training load and performance, training load and injury, or injury and performance, few investigators have examined all 3 concurrently. Objective To assess the association among training load, injury burden, and performance in professional rugby union. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting The English Premiership competition. Patients or Other Participants Individual injury and training load data, as well as team performance data, were captured during the 2015–2016 (n = 433 players) and 2016–2017 (n = 569 players) seasons. Main Outcome Measure(s) Data were aggregated into team average scores for each week, including weekly (acute) load, smoothed chronic load, changes in load, injury burden, and weekly performance. Linear mixed modelling techniques were used to assess the association among measures. Results Injury burden was negatively associated with performance, with a high weekly burden associated with a likely harmful (P = .01) decrease in performance. Training load measures displayed only trivial associations with performance. Only the acute:chronic workload ratio measure was clearly associated with injury burden, with a possibly harmful effect (P = .02). Both squad size and player availability were associated with only trivial changes in performance. Conclusions Whereas no association between average training load and performance existed, associations between training load and injury burden and between injury burden and performance were clear. Further investigation using more sensitive and individualized measures of load, performance, and injury may elicit a clearer relationship and should be considered for future work.

scholarly journals Competitive Performance, Training Load and Physiological Responses During Tapering in Young Swimmers

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris G. Toubekis ◽  
Evgenia Drosou ◽  
Vassilios Gourgoulis ◽  
Savvas Thomaidis ◽  
Helen Douda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Baseline Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The study examined the changes of training load and physiological parameters in relation to competitive performance during a period leading to a national championship. The training content of twelve swimmers (age: 14.2±1.3 yrs) was recorded four weeks before the national championship (two weeks of normal training and two weeks of the taper). The training load was calculated: i) by the swimmer’s session-RPE score (RPE-Load), ii) by the training intensity levels adjusted after a 7x200-m progressively increasing intensity test (LA-Load). Swimmers completed a 400- m submaximal intensity test, a 15 s tethered swimming and hand-grip strength measurements 34-35 (baseline: Test 1), 20-21 (before taper: Test 2) and 6-7 (Test 3) days before the national championship. Performance during the national championship was not significantly changed compared to season best (0.1±1.6%; 95% confidence limits: -0.9, 1.1%; Effect Size: 0.02, p=0.72) and compared to performance before the start of the two-week taper period (0.9±1.7%; 95% confidence limits: 0.3, 2.1%; Effect size: 0.12, p=0.09). No significant changes were observed in all measured physiological and performance related variables between Test 1, Test 2, and Test 3. Changes in RPE-Load (week-4 vs. week-1) were correlated with changes in performance (r=0.63, p=0.03) and the RPE-Load was correlated with the LALoad (r=0.80, p=0.01). The estimation of the session-RPE training load may be helpful for taper planning of young swimmers. Increasing the difference between the normal and last week of taper training load may facilitate performance improvements.

Injury Patterns, Physiological Profile, and Performance in University Rugby Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Ball ◽  
Mark Halaki ◽  
Tristan Sharp ◽  
Rhonda Orr
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Injury Characteristics ◽  
And Performance

Context: Rugby union is a physically demanding collision sport with high injury rates. There is a common perception that higher training loads result in greater injury risk in field-based sports. Objectives: To determine injury, anthropometric, and physical-performance characteristics in junior rugby union players and investigate the interaction between training load and injury across a competitive season. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Fifty-one players (age 19.2 ± 0.7 y) from an under-20 university rugby union team (forwards, n = 27; backs, n = 24) participated in a study conducted over a competition season. Training load, injury characteristics, anthropometry, physiological performance, and match time-loss injury incidence were observed. Results: Backs had significantly lower body mass (ES [95% CI] = 1.6 [0.9, 2.2]), skinfold thickness (ES = 1.1 [0.5, 1.7]), strength (squat ES = 0.6 [0.0, 1.2], deadlift ES = 0.6 [0.0, 1.1], bench press ES = 0.9 [0.4, 1.5]), lower-body power (ES = 0.4 [−0.2, 1.0]), and higher maximal aerobic capacity (ES = −0.3 [−0.8, 0.3]) than forwards. Match injury incidence was 107.3 injuries/1000 player hours (forwards 91.4/1000, backs 125.5/1000) during preseason and 110.7 injuries/1000 player hours (forwards 124.1/1000, backs 95.2/1000) during in-season. Forwards showed higher incidence of joint and ligament (P = .049) and upper-limb (P = .011) injuries than backs. No significant relationship between overall training load and match injury incidence was found. However, lower match injury incidence was associated with higher weekly training volume in backs (P = .007). Conclusions: Positional differences in body composition, performance, injury characteristics, and match injury patterns were identified in junior university rugby union players, indicating the need for position-specific training programs to reduce risk of injury.

scholarly journals Wearable Technologies in Field Hockey Competitions: A Scoping Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5242
Author(s):  
Jolene Ziyuan Lim ◽  
Alexiaa Sim ◽  
Pui Wah Kong
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The aim of this review is to investigate the common wearable devices currently used in field hockey competitions, and to understand the hockey-specific parameters these devices measure. A systematic search was conducted by using three electronic databases and search terms that included field hockey, wearables, accelerometers, inertial sensors, global positioning system (GPS), heart rate monitors, load, performance analysis, player activity profiles, and competitions from the earliest record. The review included 39 studies that used wearable devices during competitions. GPS units were found to be the most common wearable in elite field hockey competitions, followed by heart rate monitors. Wearables in field hockey are mostly used to measure player activity profiles and physiological demands. Inconsistencies in sampling rates and performance bands make comparisons between studies challenging. Nonetheless, this review demonstrated that wearable devices are being used for various applications in field hockey. Researchers, engineers, coaches, and sport scientists can consider using GPS units of higher sampling rates, as well as including additional variables such as skin temperatures and injury associations, to provide a more thorough evaluation of players’ physical and physiological performances. Future work should include goalkeepers and non-elite players who are less studied in the current literature.

scholarly journals Sleep and Performance during a Preseason in Elite Rugby Union Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4612
Author(s):  
Angus R. Teece ◽  
Christos K. Argus ◽  
Nicholas Gill ◽  
Martyn Beaven ◽  
Ian C. Dunican ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
H 30

Background: Preseason training optimises adaptations in the physical qualities required in rugby union athletes. Sleep can be compromised during periods of intensified training. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between sleep quantity and changes in physical performance over a preseason phase in professional rugby union athletes. Methods: Twenty-nine professional rugby union athletes (Mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 3 years) had their sleep duration monitored for 3 weeks using wrist actigraphy. Strength and speed were assessed at baseline and at week 3. Aerobic capacity and body composition were assessed at baseline, at week 3 and at week 5. Participants were stratified into 2 groups for analysis: <7 h 30 min sleep per night (LOW, n = 15) and >7 h 30 min sleep per night (HIGH, n = 14). Results: A significant group x time interaction was determined for aerobic capacity (p = 0.02, d = 1.25) at week 3 and for skinfolds at week 3 (p < 0.01, d = 0.58) and at week 5 (p = 0.02, d = 0.92), in favour of the HIGH sleep group. No differences were evident between groups for strength or speed measures (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights that longer sleep duration during the preseason may assist in enhancing physical qualities including aerobic capacity and body composition in elite rugby union athletes.

Key Factors for Green IS Acceptance in Banking Segment

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Monika Singh ◽  
Ganesh P. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Green Is ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Green Information Systems ◽  
Almost All

Almost all service organizations are now well aware about global warming and advantages of green information systems (Green IS) in order to gain social and economic profit at the cost of no harmful effect on environment. Recurrent annotations in the literature have explored that for successful Green IS adoption certain keys factors are required to be considered and followed in various organizations. This paper reviews, analyzes, and corroborates 11 key factors empirically that are accountable for successful adoption of Green IS and performance improvement achievement of banking segments with special reference to the banks positioned at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Eleven key factors are identified via in-depth literature review and examined using UTAUT2 and T-O-E models. Analysis of Moment Structure 21.0-Structural Equation Modeling tool is used in the study for data analysis and corroboration. The study will enrich the literature review in this field; also, it will be helpful to the decision makers and practitioners in different segments for successful adoption of Green IS in organizations.

scholarly journals Association of the Functional Movement Screen™ with match-injury burden in men’s community rugby union

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1365-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Attwood ◽  
S. P. Roberts ◽  
G. Trewartha ◽  
M. England ◽  
K. A. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Rugby Union ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Injury Burden

scholarly journals Influence of COVID-19 Restrictions on Training and Physiological Characteristics in U23 Elite Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peter Leo ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Justin Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Elite Cyclists

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated mobility restrictions caused many athletes to adjust or reduce their usual training load. The aim of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 restrictions affected training and performance physiology measures in U23 elite cyclists. METHODS: Twelve U23 elite cyclists (n = 12) participated in this study (mean ± SD: Age 21.2 ± 1.2 years; height 182.9 ± 4.7 cm; body mass 71.4 ± 6.5 kg). Training characteristics were assessed between 30 days pre, during, and post COVID-19 restrictions, respectively. The physiological assessment in the laboratory was 30 days pre and post COVID-19 restrictions and included maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), peak power output for sprint (SprintPmax), and ramp incremental graded exercise (GXTPmax), as well as power output at ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP). RESULTS: Training load characteristics before, during, and after the lockdown remained statistically unchanged (p > 0.05) despite large effects (>0.8) with mean reductions of 4.7 to 25.0% during COVID-19 restrictions. There were no significant differences in maximal and submaximal power outputs, as well as relative and absolute V̇O2max between pre and post COVID-19 restrictions (p > 0.05) with small to moderate effects. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that COVID-19 restrictions did not negatively affect training characteristics and physiological performance measures in U23 elite cyclists for a period of <30 days. In contrast with recent reports on professional cyclists and other elite level athletes, these findings reveal that as long as athletes are able to maintain and/or slightly adapt their training routine, physiological performance variables remain stable.

scholarly journals Investigating Variation Orders Causes in Iraqi Building Construction Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Hassan Kamal Alhilli ◽  
Sedki I. Rezoqi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Map ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

Changes are a common phenomenon in the construction industry, impacting the project's cost, time, and performance. The purpose of this work is to a comprehensive review relating to variation order causes. Also, the aim here is to determine variation order causes in the building’s construction. More importantly, explore the relationship between these causes. However, the importance of specifying the causes for change orders is the first step in managing variation orders to reduce the harmful effect on a project. The field survey was conducted for several institutions such as health (Karkh’s health), higher education (University of Baghdad and University of Kufa). As a result, a field visit was made to the project sites. They were then, Conducting interviews with the resident engineer, the consultant, and the contractor. A developer tool called cause (variation orders) breakdown structure (CBS) included 12 causes at the first level, including 103 sub-causes. There is a relationship between the variation orders causes, which is evident in the third level. The study recommends adopting (CBS) a comprehensive reference for variation order causes in projects due to facilitating their management processes. Future research could examine the relative importance of variation order causes, in addition to using a fuzzy cognitive map to find the extent of each cause’s influence on the other.

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