scholarly journals Bilateral Pulmonary Emboli in a Collegiate Gymnast: A Case Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leamor Kahanov ◽  
Tarah Daly
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Pulmonary Emboli ◽  
Care Providers

Abstract Objective: To characterize the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in collegiate student-athletes and to raise awareness among sports medicine providers of the possibility of this potentially fatal disease in the student-athlete population. Background: An 18-year-old, previously healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female gymnast complained of intense pain, bilaterally, deep in her chest. The athlete was referred to her team physician, who identified normal vital signs but referred her to the emergency room because of significant pain. The student-athlete was diagnosed with bilateral pulmonary emboli in the emergency room. Differential Diagnosis: Pneumonia, renal calculi, upper urinary tract infection, intercostal muscle strain or rib fracture, pancreatitis, gall bladder disease, gastritis, ulceration, esophagitis, infection, tumor, pulmonary embolism. Treatment: The student-athlete was immediately placed on anticoagulants for 6 months. During that time, she was unable to participate in gymnastics and was limited to light conditioning. Uniqueness: Documented cases of female student-athletes developing a pulmonary embolism are lacking in the literature. Two cases of pulmonary embolism in male high school student-athletes have been documented, in addition to many cases in elderly and sedentary populations. Conclusions: All health care providers, including sports medicine professionals, should be aware that this condition may be present among student-athletes. During the initial evaluation, prescreening should include questions about any previous or family history of pulmonary embolism or other blood clots. Athletes who answer positively to these questions may have a higher likelihood of pulmonary embolism and should be referred for testing.

scholarly journals Sports Medicine Staffing Across National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III Schools: Evidence for the Medical Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Baugh ◽  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
Bailey L. Lanser ◽  
Tory R. Lindley ◽  
William P. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
Financial Oversight

Context The ratio of clinicians to patients has been associated with health outcomes in many medical contexts but has not been explored in collegiate sports medicine. The relationship between administrative and financial oversight models and staffing is also unknown. Objective To (1) evaluate staffing patterns in National Collegiate Athletic Association sports medicine programs and (2) investigate whether staffing was associated with the division of competition, Power 5 conference status, administrative reporting structure (medical or athletic department), or financial structure (medical or athletic department). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Collegiate sports medicine programs. Patients or Other Participants Representatives of 325 universities. Main Outcome Measure(s) A telephone survey was conducted during June and July 2015. Participants were asked questions regarding the presence and full-time equivalence of the health care providers on their sports medicine staff. The number of athletes per athletic trainer was determined. Results Responding sports medicine programs had 0.5 to 20 full-time equivalent staff athletic trainers (median = 4). Staff athletic trainers at participating schools cared for 21 to 525 athletes per clinician (median = 100). Both administrative and financial oversight from a medical department versus the athletics department was associated with improved staffing across multiple metrics. Staffing levels were associated with the division of competition; athletic trainers at Division I schools cared for fewer athletes than athletic trainers at Division II or III schools, on average. The support of graduate assistant and certified intern athletic trainers varied across the sample as did the contributions of nonphysician, nonathletic trainer health care providers. Conclusions In many health care settings, clinician : patient ratios are associated with patient health outcomes. We found systematic variations in clinician : patient ratios across National Collegiate Athletic Association divisions of competition and across medical versus athletics organizational models, raising the possibility that athletes' health outcomes vary across these contexts. Future researchers should evaluate the relationships between clinician : patient ratios and athletes' access to care, care provision, health care costs, health outcomes, and clinician job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Understanding the Athletic Trainer's Role in the Return-to-Learn Process at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey M. Runyon ◽  
Cailee E. Welch Bacon ◽  
Elizabeth R. Neil ◽  
Lindsey E. Eberman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collaborative Practice ◽  
Ncaa Division Ii ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Return To Learn ◽  
Division Ii

Context Postconcussion, student-athletes should return to the classroom using a gradual, stepwise process to ensure that symptoms are not exacerbated by cognitive activities. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has mandated that its affiliated institutions develop return-to-learn (RTL) policies to support the return to the classroom. Objective To investigate athletic trainers' (ATs') perceptions of their role in the RTL policy development and implementation at NCAA Division II and III institutions. Design Qualitative study. Setting Individual phone interviews. Patients or Other Participants Fifteen ATs (age = 40 ± 11 years, clinical practice experience = 16 ± 9 years, employment term = 9 ± 9 years) representing NCAA Division II (n = 6) or III (n = 9) institutions. Data Collection and Analysis Interviews were transcribed verbatim and checked for accuracy by the principal investigator. A 2-member data-analysis team independently coded a portion of the transcripts and then met to discuss the codebook. The codebook was applied to the remaining transcripts, confirmed, and externally reviewed. Results Five themes emerged: (1) approach, (2) collaborative practice, (3) patient advocacy, (4) institutional autonomy, and (5) barriers. Policies must allow for an individualized, evidence-based approach through facilitated, active communication among members of the RTL team and the student-athlete. Collaborative practice was described as key to successful policy implementation and should include interprofessional collaboration beyond health care providers (eg, educating academicians about the purpose of RTL). The RTL process was triggered by a specific member of the RTL team, usually a medical doctor or the head AT. Participants noted that the purpose of the RTL policy was to advocate for the student-athlete's successful postconcussion outcomes. Conclusions For the development and implementation of a successful RTL policy, strong communication and interprofessional practice must extend beyond health care professionals. Members of the health care team must establish a network with academic partners to develop a policy that is appropriate for the institution's available resources and the needs of its student-athletes.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Athletic Trainers of the National Collegiate Athletic Association: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Day ◽  
Sophie MacKenzie ◽  
Lailah Issac ◽  
Ashley Sanchez ◽  
Courtney Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Black College ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Racial Ethnicity

Abstract Context: Athletic trainers (ATs) are the most visible members of the sports medicine team and are responsible for the health and well-being of student-athletes (SAs). Objective: Quantifying the representation from Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) ATs in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) member institutions has not been previously studied. Design: Retrospective study Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Demographic Database Participants: NCAA teams' athletic personnel at NCAA member institutions. Main Measures: Chi-square tests were employed to assess differences in racial and ethnic frequencies across division, calendar year and gender. Linear regressions models were used to examine change in racial and ethnic distributions of head and assistant ATs over time. Results: The majority of NCAA athletic trainers were categorized as white (88%), which was reflected in both head (90.8%) and assistant (87.2%) AT positions. Black ATs made up the largest proportion of a specific racial/ethnicity group within BIPOC ATs (3.4% of head ATs, 4.6% of assistant ATs), with the next most prevalent being Hispanic (2.8% of head ATs, 3.9% of assistant ATs). Historically Black College and Universities (HBCUs) showed higher proportions of BIPOC ATs in both head and assistant categories compared to non-HBCU institutions. Division I schools had the greatest AT racial/ethnicity diversity in comparison to Division II and Division III (p<0.0001). In our linear regression models, we found statistically significant increases in many of the racial/ethnic categories for both head and assistant ATs. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that BIPOC ATs represent a small proportion of the ATs currently working at NCAA member institutions. Although there has been an increase in BIPOC athletic trainers over the past ten years, a large racial and ethnic discordance gap still exists between student athletes and the ATs caring for them. Future studies may identify barriers encountered by BIPOC ATs and the effectiveness of current diversity initiatives.

Developing Student-Athlete School Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being: The Effects of Academic Psychological Capital and Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjung Kim ◽  
Brent D. Oja ◽  
Han Soo Kim ◽  
Ji-Hyoung Chin
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Satisfaction ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Educational Engagement

The quality of a student-athlete’s experience can be a product of the services provided by their sponsoring sport organization. In an attempt to improve the student-athlete experience, this study was positioned to examine how collegiate sport services could use academic psychological capital (PsyCap) and student-athlete engagement to promote school satisfaction and psychological well-being. A total of 248 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes participated in this study. Results indicated that academic classification moderated academic PsyCap’s influence on engagement. In addition, the academic PsyCap of the student-athletes positively influenced school satisfaction and psychological well-being, but student-athlete engagement fully mediated the relationship between academic PsyCap and psychological well-being. This empirical evidence provides new knowledge on the relationships among student-athletes’ motivational cognitive constructs, educational engagement, school satisfaction, and psychological well-being in the context of highly competitive collegiate sports. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, including incorporating the results with services provided to student-athletes.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Eating Disorders Among Collegiate Female Student–Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherilyn N. McLester ◽  
Robin Hardin ◽  
Stephanie Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Care Providers

Context: Research has suggested that the prevalence of young women with eating disorders (EDs) is increasing, but determining the exact prevalence of EDs within the female student–athlete (FS-A) population is difficult. Looking at certain traits may help us to identify their level of susceptibility to developing an ED. Objective: To determine the susceptibility of FS-As to EDs in relation to self-concept, including self-esteem and body image. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Athletic training and health centers at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III institutions via e-mail questionnaire correspondence. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 439 FS-As from 17 participating institutions completed the questionnaires. The sample was primarily white (83.1%) and underclass (61.8%). Main Outcome Measure(s): The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: 3 subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Body Cathexis Scale, and demographic items. Results: A total of 6.8% of FS-As were susceptible to anorexia and 1.8% were susceptible to bulimia. The majority of FS-As (61%) reported normal self-esteem levels, whereas 29.4% had high self-esteem. Overall, 64.5% were satisfied and 23% were very satisfied with their body image. Conclusions: These results are generally positive in that they suggest FS-As have high levels of self-concept and are at low risk to develop EDs. However, these findings do not mean that all concerns should be dismissed. Although more than 90% of the respondents were not susceptible to an ED, there are still FS-As who may be. Athletic departments should evaluate their FS-As' levels of self-concept so that their susceptibility to EDs can be addressed. The emotional aspect of health care should be included in providing holistic care for student–athletes. Athletic trainers often are the primary health care providers for FS-As, so they should be made aware of this concern.

Unprofessional Practice? The Status and Power of Sport Physicians

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Peculiar Character ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Workplace Setting

In this article I examine the role and working practice of rugby union club doctors in England. While medicine is widely perceived to be one of the most powerful professions in Western societies, sociologists of sport have argued that sport clinicians often wield relatively limited power over their athlete-patients. In this article I therefore attempt to shed further light on the “peculiar” character of sports medicine. Using data drawn from interviews and questionnaires, I argue that this phenomenon can be understood only by looking at the structure of the sports medicine profession, the specificities of the rugby club as a workplace setting, and the relationships club doctors have with clients (coaches and athletes) and other health care providers (physiotherapists).

scholarly journals Athletic Trainer Compassion but Lack of Preparedness to Provide Transgender Patient Care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Eberman ◽  
Zachary Winkelmann ◽  
Emma Nye ◽  
Daniel Walen ◽  
Kelcey Granger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Potential Cost

Context: Previous research indicates athletic trainers have a favorable view of treating transgender patients, yet do not feel competent in their patient care knowledge or abilities. Objective: To gain more depth of information about athletic trainers' knowledge and experiences regarding the health care needs of transgender student-athletes. Design: Sequential, explanatory mixed methods. Setting: Individual, semi-structured follow-up interviews. Participants: Fifteen athletic trainers who previously took part in a cross-sectional survey in April 2018 (male=8, female=7, age=24±2, years of experience=3±3). Main Outcome Measure(s): The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Member checking was completed to ensure trustworthiness of the data. Next, the data were analyzed using a multi-phased process and a 3-member coding team following the consensual qualitative research tradition. The coding team analyzed the transcripts for domains and categories. The final consensus codebook and coded transcripts were audited by a member of the research team for credibility. Results: Four main domains were identified: 1) perceived deficiencies, 2) misconceptions, 3) concerns, and 4) creating safety. Participants described knowledge deficiencies in themselves, health care providers within their unit, and providers able to provide safe transition care. Participants demonstrated misconceptions when characterizing the definitions of transgender and transitioning and when describing how the body responds to hormone replacement therapy. Participants expressed concern for the mental health and wellness, self-image of transgender student-athletes, and potential cost of transgender health care. However, participants also described efforts to create safety within their unit by validation, instilling trust, adjusting the physical environment, and by engaging in professional development to improve their knowledge. Conclusions: Athletic trainers want to create a safe space for transgender student-athletes but lack the necessary knowledge to treat transgender patients. Professional resources to improve athletic trainer knowledge, skills, and abilities in caring for transgender patients are a continued need. Key Points

scholarly journals The State of Clinical Exercise Physiology in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Robert B. Berry ◽  
Francis Neric ◽  
Gregory B. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Preparation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs

ABSTRACT The current state of the profession of clinical exercise physiology in the United States is that of evolution. Individuals now identified as clinical exercise physiologists (CEPs) first emerged in health care in the nascent cardiac rehabilitation programs in the late 1960s and have remained strongly identified in that role ever since. However, the profession has had difficulty expanding into other similar areas, largely due to the lack of standardized academic preparation. This contributes to uncertainty and confusion among other health care providers regarding appropriate roles and responsibilities for a CEP. Future directions for the profession of clinical exercise physiology include requiring certification candidates to graduate from accredited programs so the academic preparation becomes standardized. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) is currently investigating modifying the eligibility criteria for the ACSM-CEP certification to address this requirement. The Clinical Exercise Physiology Association is currently assembling a writing team to draft a CEP scope of practice document for the support and endorsement of other professional organizations The last item is the strengthening or creation of liaisons with other professions to develop a collaborative care model that takes full advantage of the skillset CEPs bring to chronic disease management.

scholarly journals Independent Medical Care

Concussion ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Brian Hainline ◽  
Lindsey J. Gurin ◽  
Daniel M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Primary Health Care Providers ◽  
Athletic Teams ◽  
Sport Coaches

Sport coaches are the primary interface with athletes and have considerable influence over the athletic environment. There is an evolving cultural shift to an athlete-centered approach to sports medicine, meaning that athletes should receive medical care that is completely independent of the influence of the coach. This is an especially important concept when athletic trainers, physicians and other sports medicine personnel are housed in athletics, a space where a coach may have considerable influence. Ultimately, primary health-care providers for athletic teams or organizations should have unchallengeable, autonomous authority for all medical and return-to-play decisions in sport.

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