scholarly journals Sports Medicine Staffing Across National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III Schools: Evidence for the Medical Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Baugh ◽  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
Bailey L. Lanser ◽  
Tory R. Lindley ◽  
William P. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
Financial Oversight

Context The ratio of clinicians to patients has been associated with health outcomes in many medical contexts but has not been explored in collegiate sports medicine. The relationship between administrative and financial oversight models and staffing is also unknown. Objective To (1) evaluate staffing patterns in National Collegiate Athletic Association sports medicine programs and (2) investigate whether staffing was associated with the division of competition, Power 5 conference status, administrative reporting structure (medical or athletic department), or financial structure (medical or athletic department). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Collegiate sports medicine programs. Patients or Other Participants Representatives of 325 universities. Main Outcome Measure(s) A telephone survey was conducted during June and July 2015. Participants were asked questions regarding the presence and full-time equivalence of the health care providers on their sports medicine staff. The number of athletes per athletic trainer was determined. Results Responding sports medicine programs had 0.5 to 20 full-time equivalent staff athletic trainers (median = 4). Staff athletic trainers at participating schools cared for 21 to 525 athletes per clinician (median = 100). Both administrative and financial oversight from a medical department versus the athletics department was associated with improved staffing across multiple metrics. Staffing levels were associated with the division of competition; athletic trainers at Division I schools cared for fewer athletes than athletic trainers at Division II or III schools, on average. The support of graduate assistant and certified intern athletic trainers varied across the sample as did the contributions of nonphysician, nonathletic trainer health care providers. Conclusions In many health care settings, clinician : patient ratios are associated with patient health outcomes. We found systematic variations in clinician : patient ratios across National Collegiate Athletic Association divisions of competition and across medical versus athletics organizational models, raising the possibility that athletes' health outcomes vary across these contexts. Future researchers should evaluate the relationships between clinician : patient ratios and athletes' access to care, care provision, health care costs, health outcomes, and clinician job satisfaction.

The Adverse Health Outcomes, Economic Burden, and Public Health Implications of Unmanaged Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Call to Action Resulting from CHADD Summit, Washington, DC, October 17, 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110367
Author(s):  
Bob Cattoi ◽  
Ingrid Alpern ◽  
Jeffrey S. Katz ◽  
David Keepnews ◽  
Mary V. Solanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Recent research has increasingly documented the adverse effects of ADHD on physical health in addition to its well-known effects on emotional health. Responding to this concern, CHADD organized a summit meeting of health care providers, governmental and other health-related organizations, and health care payers. A White Paper generated from the meeting reviewed the adverse health outcomes, economic burden and public health implications of unmanaged ADHD. Here we summarize the resulting Calls to Action to the various stakeholder groups including: increased awareness and education of providers; development of professional guidelines for diagnosis and treatment; insurance coverage of the relevant services; support of research targeting the role of ADHD in the etiology and treatment of physical illness; and public education campaigns.

scholarly journals Educating Educators: Perceptions of Preceptors and Clinical Education Coordinators Regarding Training at a Division II Athletic Training Program

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Renae Ellen Bomar ◽  
Thalia Mulvihill
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Ncaa Division Ii ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Preceptor Training ◽  
Division Ii

Context: Clinical experiences give the student athletic trainer the opportunity to relate and apply didactic information to a real-world setting. During these experiences student athletic trainers are supervised by certified, licensed health care providers working in a variety of settings (eg, hospital, physical therapy clinic, doctor's office). It is important to note the responsibilities these health care professionals (preceptors) take on when choosing to become a preceptor. Not only are they completing their normal, job-related tasks of patient care and administrative duties, but they are also responsible for the education and evaluation of student athletic trainers. Objective: This case study takes an in-depth look at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II athletic training program's (ATP) preceptor training model and provides an example of how 1 program is developing its preceptors under the new Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) policies. It is meant to lay the foundation for further research in preceptor development by providing a description of training and development practices. This case study can be used as a guide to other ATPs and compared to other institutions to identify the best practices for preceptor development. Because the policies are new and little research has been done on preceptor development, this is the first step in creating effective evidence-based practices. Design: Ethnographic case study. Setting: One-on-one, in-person, semistructured interviews were conducted, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim. A review of relevant (eg, training manuals) preceptor training documents was completed. Member checks were done as necessary for accuracy. Participants: One male, veteran off-campus preceptor, 1 female, novice on-campus preceptor, and the ATP clinical education coordinator participated. Participants were part of an NCAA Division II ATP located in Indiana. Results and Conclusions: The findings suggested that this program's preceptor training used various pedagogical designs and provided strong support to those involved.

Clinical Perceptions on the Physiological, Psychological, and Clinical Influence of Kinesio Tex Tape (KTT) in Health Care Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Kayla E. Boehm ◽  
Blaine C. Long ◽  
Mitchell T. Millar ◽  
Kevin C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Effectiveness of Kinesiology Tex Tape (KTT) is conflicting, with some clinicians supporting and others refuting its effects. There is limited information on the psychological effects of KTT or whether its increased use has been influenced by professional athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological, psychological, and use of KTT. A descriptive survey on the use of KTT was performed with athletic trainers and other health care providers. Many reported that KTT benefited patients physiologically and psychologically. Those who thought KTT provided a physiological benefit indicated that they use it. Many indicated KTT benefited patients psychologically, without impacting them physiologically. In addition, clinicians indicated KTT use has been influenced by professional athletes.

Unprofessional Practice? The Status and Power of Sport Physicians

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Peculiar Character ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Workplace Setting

In this article I examine the role and working practice of rugby union club doctors in England. While medicine is widely perceived to be one of the most powerful professions in Western societies, sociologists of sport have argued that sport clinicians often wield relatively limited power over their athlete-patients. In this article I therefore attempt to shed further light on the “peculiar” character of sports medicine. Using data drawn from interviews and questionnaires, I argue that this phenomenon can be understood only by looking at the structure of the sports medicine profession, the specificities of the rugby club as a workplace setting, and the relationships club doctors have with clients (coaches and athletes) and other health care providers (physiotherapists).

scholarly journals Burnout and Substance Use in Collegiate Athletic Trainers

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 744-751
Author(s):  
Leslie W. Oglesby ◽  
Andrew R. Gallucci ◽  
Christopher J. Wynveen ◽  
Kelly R. Ylitalo ◽  
Nicholas F. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Care Providers

Context The Smith Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout suggests that athletic trainers (ATs) suffering from burnout may engage in substance use as a coping behavior. Increases in self-reported burnout symptoms are often associated with increases in heavy episodic drinking and tobacco use among various health care providers. However, this relationship has not been examined thoroughly. Objective To investigate the prevalence of substance use in ATs and identify relationships between symptoms of burnout and substance use among ATs. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Web-based survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 783 certified ATs working full time in the collegiate or university setting were sampled for this study. Graduate assistant and other part-time ATs were excluded. The survey was distributed via the National Athletic Trainers' Association membership directory e-mail broadcast service. Main Outcome Measure(s) A 100-item online questionnaire consisting of items from previously used scales was used for this study. The survey included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and questions on substance use from the Monitoring the Future study. Multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the survey data. All independent (Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales) and dependent (use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana) variables were mapped to the Smith Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout to determine which dimensions of burnout altered the odds of self-reported substance use. Results Almost half (46.3%) of participants admitted to at least 1 binge-drinking episode. However, the use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, marijuana, and energy drinks during the previous month was less pronounced in the sample. Emotional exhaustion (B = 0.008, P = .023) and personal accomplishment (B = −0.016, P = .02) were significantly correlated with binge drinking. Emotional exhaustion (Exp[B] = 1.017, P < .001) was also significantly positively correlated with energy-drink consumption. Conclusions Some ATs engaged in heavy episodic drinking. Emotional exhaustion and a decreased sense of personal accomplishment were significantly correlated with this behavior.

scholarly journals Athletic Trainer Compassion but Lack of Preparedness to Provide Transgender Patient Care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Eberman ◽  
Zachary Winkelmann ◽  
Emma Nye ◽  
Daniel Walen ◽  
Kelcey Granger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Potential Cost

Context: Previous research indicates athletic trainers have a favorable view of treating transgender patients, yet do not feel competent in their patient care knowledge or abilities. Objective: To gain more depth of information about athletic trainers' knowledge and experiences regarding the health care needs of transgender student-athletes. Design: Sequential, explanatory mixed methods. Setting: Individual, semi-structured follow-up interviews. Participants: Fifteen athletic trainers who previously took part in a cross-sectional survey in April 2018 (male=8, female=7, age=24±2, years of experience=3±3). Main Outcome Measure(s): The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Member checking was completed to ensure trustworthiness of the data. Next, the data were analyzed using a multi-phased process and a 3-member coding team following the consensual qualitative research tradition. The coding team analyzed the transcripts for domains and categories. The final consensus codebook and coded transcripts were audited by a member of the research team for credibility. Results: Four main domains were identified: 1) perceived deficiencies, 2) misconceptions, 3) concerns, and 4) creating safety. Participants described knowledge deficiencies in themselves, health care providers within their unit, and providers able to provide safe transition care. Participants demonstrated misconceptions when characterizing the definitions of transgender and transitioning and when describing how the body responds to hormone replacement therapy. Participants expressed concern for the mental health and wellness, self-image of transgender student-athletes, and potential cost of transgender health care. However, participants also described efforts to create safety within their unit by validation, instilling trust, adjusting the physical environment, and by engaging in professional development to improve their knowledge. Conclusions: Athletic trainers want to create a safe space for transgender student-athletes but lack the necessary knowledge to treat transgender patients. Professional resources to improve athletic trainer knowledge, skills, and abilities in caring for transgender patients are a continued need. Key Points

scholarly journals The State of Clinical Exercise Physiology in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Robert B. Berry ◽  
Francis Neric ◽  
Gregory B. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Preparation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs

ABSTRACT The current state of the profession of clinical exercise physiology in the United States is that of evolution. Individuals now identified as clinical exercise physiologists (CEPs) first emerged in health care in the nascent cardiac rehabilitation programs in the late 1960s and have remained strongly identified in that role ever since. However, the profession has had difficulty expanding into other similar areas, largely due to the lack of standardized academic preparation. This contributes to uncertainty and confusion among other health care providers regarding appropriate roles and responsibilities for a CEP. Future directions for the profession of clinical exercise physiology include requiring certification candidates to graduate from accredited programs so the academic preparation becomes standardized. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) is currently investigating modifying the eligibility criteria for the ACSM-CEP certification to address this requirement. The Clinical Exercise Physiology Association is currently assembling a writing team to draft a CEP scope of practice document for the support and endorsement of other professional organizations The last item is the strengthening or creation of liaisons with other professions to develop a collaborative care model that takes full advantage of the skillset CEPs bring to chronic disease management.

Health Literacy and Health/Risk Communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mackert ◽  
Sara Champlin ◽  
Jisoo Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers

Health literacy—defined as the ability of an individual to obtain, process, understand, and communicate about health information—contributes significantly to health outcomes and costs to the U.S. health-care system. Approximately one-quarter to one-half of U.S. adults struggle with health information, which includes understanding patient education materials, reading medication labels, and communicating with health-care providers. Low health literacy is more common among the elderly, those who speak English as a second language, and those of lower socioeconomic status. In addition to conceptualizing health literacy as an individual-level skill, it can also be considered an organizational or community-level ability. Increased attention to the field of health literacy has resulted in debates about the definition and the best ways to assess health literacy; there is also a strong and growing movement within the field of health literacy research and practice to frame health literacy less as a deficit to overcome and more as an approach to empowering patients and improving outcomes. As health-care providers have recognized the importance of health literacy, workshops, and training programs have been developed and evaluated to improve the care of low-health-literate patients. Similarly, health promotion professionals have developed best practices for reaching low-health-literate audiences with traditional and new digital media, which can also increase access for patients with hearing or visual impairments. Additionally, recent policy changes in the United States, including those related to the Affordable Care Act, contribute to a greater focus and regulation of factors that impact health literacy. Researchers and practitioners together are advancing understanding of health literacy, its relationship to health outcomes and health-care costs, and improved strategies for improving the health of lower health literate patients. Development and review of health literacy pieces can aid in shared decision making and provide insights for patients on various health-care services.

scholarly journals MEETING SOCIAL NEEDS TO IMPROVE HEALTH OUTCOMES: PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNITY-BASED ORGS AND HEALTH CARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S499-S500
Author(s):  
Traci L Wilson ◽  
Suzanne R Kunkel ◽  
Jane Straker ◽  
Marisa Scala-Foley ◽  
Elizabeth Blair
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improve Health

Abstract Unmet social needs negatively affect individual and population health, and better integration of community-based supports and health systems is a promising approach to improve health outcomes and avoid unnecessary health care use. Community-based organizations (CBOs) such as Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) and Centers for Independent Living (CILs), as providers and coordinators of social services, are well-positioned within their communities to coordinate care and provide for unmet social needs. Partnerships between CBOs and health care entities have clear potential to improve health care outcomes while also reducing expenditures. This paper will present a cross-sectional analysis of a national survey of AAAs, CILS, and other CBOs at two time points (2017: n=593; 2018: n=763) to understand the extent, type, and evolution of CBO engagement with health care providers. In addition, longitudinal analysis (n=374) shows movement at the organization level: 33% of organizations who did not have a contract at T1 but were pursuing one had achieved a contract by T2. This presentation will: describe details of the services delivered, contracting arrangements, and populations served under CBO/health care contracts, as well as challenges experienced by CBOs; examine differences by state and organizational structure; and discuss the implications of state policy on integrated care and contracting.

scholarly journals Understanding the Athletic Trainer's Role in the Return-to-Learn Process at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey M. Runyon ◽  
Cailee E. Welch Bacon ◽  
Elizabeth R. Neil ◽  
Lindsey E. Eberman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collaborative Practice ◽  
Ncaa Division Ii ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Return To Learn ◽  
Division Ii

Context Postconcussion, student-athletes should return to the classroom using a gradual, stepwise process to ensure that symptoms are not exacerbated by cognitive activities. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has mandated that its affiliated institutions develop return-to-learn (RTL) policies to support the return to the classroom. Objective To investigate athletic trainers' (ATs') perceptions of their role in the RTL policy development and implementation at NCAA Division II and III institutions. Design Qualitative study. Setting Individual phone interviews. Patients or Other Participants Fifteen ATs (age = 40 ± 11 years, clinical practice experience = 16 ± 9 years, employment term = 9 ± 9 years) representing NCAA Division II (n = 6) or III (n = 9) institutions. Data Collection and Analysis Interviews were transcribed verbatim and checked for accuracy by the principal investigator. A 2-member data-analysis team independently coded a portion of the transcripts and then met to discuss the codebook. The codebook was applied to the remaining transcripts, confirmed, and externally reviewed. Results Five themes emerged: (1) approach, (2) collaborative practice, (3) patient advocacy, (4) institutional autonomy, and (5) barriers. Policies must allow for an individualized, evidence-based approach through facilitated, active communication among members of the RTL team and the student-athlete. Collaborative practice was described as key to successful policy implementation and should include interprofessional collaboration beyond health care providers (eg, educating academicians about the purpose of RTL). The RTL process was triggered by a specific member of the RTL team, usually a medical doctor or the head AT. Participants noted that the purpose of the RTL policy was to advocate for the student-athlete's successful postconcussion outcomes. Conclusions For the development and implementation of a successful RTL policy, strong communication and interprofessional practice must extend beyond health care professionals. Members of the health care team must establish a network with academic partners to develop a policy that is appropriate for the institution's available resources and the needs of its student-athletes.

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