scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Shoulder Pain and Disability Across the Lifespan of Competitive Swimmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tate ◽  
Gregory N. Turner ◽  
Sarah E. Knab ◽  
Colbie Jorgensen ◽  
Andrew Strittmatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Context: The prevalence of shoulder pain among competitive swimmers is high, but no guidelines exist to reduce shoulder injuries. Elucidating differences between swimmers with and without shoulder pain can serve as a basis for the development of a program to prevent shoulder injury that might lead to pain and dysfunction. Objective: To determine whether physical characteristics, exposure, or training variables differ between swimmers with and without shoulder pain or disability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Multisite swimming centers. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 236 competitive female swimmers aged 8 to 77 years. Data Collection and Analysis: Participants completed the Penn Shoulder Score and underwent testing of core endurance, range of motion, muscle force production, and pectoralis minor muscle length and the Scapular Dyskinesis Test. Swimmers were grouped by age for analysis: ages 8 to 11 years (n = 42), 12 to 14 years (n = 43), 15 to 19 years (high school, n = 84), and 23 to 77 years (masters, n = 67). Comparisons were made between groups with and without pain and disability using independent t tests for continuous data and χ2 analyses and Fisher exact tests for categorical data. Results: Nine (21.4%) swimmers aged 8 to 11 years, 8 (18.6%) swimmers aged 12 to 14 years, 19 (22.6%) high school swimmers, and 13 (19.4%) masters swimmers had shoulder pain and disability. Differences that were found in 2 or more age groups between athletes with and without shoulder pain and disability included greater swimming exposure, a higher incidence of previous traumatic injury and patient-rated shoulder instability, and reduced participation in another sport in the symptomatic groups (P < .05). Reduced shoulder flexion motion, weakness of the middle trapezius and internal rotation, shorter pectoralis minor and latissimus, participation in water polo, and decreased core endurance were found in symptomatic females in single varying age groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Female competitive swimmers have shoulder pain and disability throughout their lives. Given that exposure and physical examination findings varied between athletes with and without substantial pain and disability, a program to prevent shoulder injury that might lead to pain and dysfunction appears warranted and might include exposure reduction, cross-training, pectoral and posterior shoulder stretching, strengthening, and core endurance training.

scholarly journals Shoulder injuries in competitive swimmers in KwaZulu-

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
T Puckree ◽  
KJ Thomas
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Voluntary Consent ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Objective. To determine the incidence of shoulder injuries in competitive swimmers in KwaZulu-Natal, a province in South Africa. Design. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A random sample of 96 swimmers from a pool of 300 swimmers registered with first-division clubs affiliated to the KwaZulu-Natal Aquatics Association participated in the study by informed voluntary consent. Data were gathered using a validated questionnaire. Setting. Data were gathered at time trials, races and club meetings. Main measures. Variables monitored included the incidence of shoulder injuries, shoulder pain and proportion of overuse injury. Results. Seventy-one per cent of the swimmers had shoulder pain and 64% reported injury to the shoulder. Forty-six per cent of the swimmers with pain complained of anterior shoulder pain, while 65% of all injuries were due to overuse. The commonest diagnoses included tendonitis (35%), muscle imbalance (29%), impingement (19%) and other (17%). Sixty-nine per cent of the swimmers swam freestyle which was related to 70% of the injuries. Eighty-one per cent of the injured swimmers sought physiotherapy for the shoulder pain. Conclusion. The incidence of shoulder injuries in competitive swimmers is high. This study shows the need for more research into swimming injuries, and the conditioning and rehabilitation of athletes in South Africa. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (1) 2006: pp. 10-12

scholarly journals Shoulder injuries in competitive swimmers in KwaZulu-

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Puckree ◽  
KJ Thomas
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Voluntary Consent ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Objective. To determine the incidence of shoulder injuries in competitive swimmers in KwaZulu-Natal, a province in South Africa. Design. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A random sample of 96 swimmers from a pool of 300 swimmers registered with first-division clubs affiliated to the KwaZulu-Natal Aquatics Association participated in the study by informed voluntary consent. Data were gathered using a validated questionnaire. Setting. Data were gathered at time trials, races and club meetings. Main measures. Variables monitored included the incidence of shoulder injuries, shoulder pain and proportion of overuse injury. Results. Seventy-one per cent of the swimmers had shoulder pain and 64% reported injury to the shoulder. Forty-six per cent of the swimmers with pain complained of anterior shoulder pain, while 65% of all injuries were due to overuse. The commonest diagnoses included tendonitis (35%), muscle imbalance (29%), impingement (19%) and other (17%). Sixty-nine per cent of the swimmers swam freestyle which was related to 70% of the injuries. Eighty-one per cent of the injured swimmers sought physiotherapy for the shoulder pain. Conclusion. The incidence of shoulder injuries in competitive swimmers is high. This study shows the need for more research into swimming injuries, and the conditioning and rehabilitation of athletes in South Africa. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (1) 2006: pp. 10-12

scholarly journals Influence of Pectoralis Minor Muscle and Upper Trapez Muscle Tightness in Scapular Dyskinesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0014
Author(s):  
Sevgi Sevi Yeşilyaprak ◽  
Ertuğrul Yüksel ◽  
Serpil Kalkan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Scapular Kinematics ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Muscle Tightness ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesia ◽  
Pectoralis Minor Muscle ◽  
Minor Muscle

Objectives: Alterations in scapular kinematics were found in individuals with shoulder problems compared with healthy individuals. These alterations in scapular kinematics such as changes in the normal position or any abnormal motion of the scapula during active motions are defined as “’Scapular Dyskinesis (SD)”. Relationship between tight muscles and scapular kinematics has been investigated. Pectoralis Minor Muscle Tightness (PMMT) effects scapular motion and make changes in scapular kinematics. Although there are some studies indicating a possible relationship between PMM or Upper Trapezius Muscle Tightness (UTMT) and SD, this relationship hasn’t been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PMMT and UTMT on SD in an asymptomatic population. Methods: One-hundred-eleven participants (mean age: 22.73±3.45 years old, 222 arms, 42 Female-69 Male) were recruited. Subjects were eligible if they were ≥18 years of age, having active full shoulder motion and who has no health problem to hinder them from participate. Individuals with symptoms produced by cervical spine motion, impingement syndrome, frozen shoulder, shoulder instability and a history of shoulder fracture/surgery were excluded. Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) was used to identify SD. PMMT was determined by Pectoralis Minor Index (PMI), UTMT by UTMT Test. Logistic regression analysis performed to ascertain the effects of PMMT and UTMT on the likelihood that participants have SD. Results: SD was identified in 62 arms (27.9%), PMMT in 32 arms (14.4%), and UTMT in 75 arms (33.8%) in total number of participants. PMMT was determined in 23 arms (37.1%) and UTMT in 39 arms (62.9%) in participants with SD. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, X2=65.472, p<.000, df= 2. The model explained 36.8% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in SD and correctly classified 78.4% of cases. The Wald criterion demonstrated that both PMMT and UTMT made a significant contribution to prediction (p<0.000 for PMMT, p<0.000 for PMMT). People who have PMMT were 13.76 times more likely to exhibit SD than people who haven’t. People who have UTMT were 7.59 times more likely to exhibit SD than people who haven’t. Conclusion: It was determined that people with PMMT and UTMT are more likely to exhibit SD than people who have normal muscle length in this asymptomatic population. Assessment of PMMT and UTMT could be included as a routine part of the scapula and scapular dyskinesia examination. This investigation should be repeated in symptomatic population who has shoulder problems. The effects of various interventions for lengthening these muscles in scapular dyskinesia, needs further research.

Prevalence of stress and stress tolerance levels among adolescent boys – a district level cross sectional study in South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kallol Roy ◽  
Veena G. Kamath ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
Johnson Alex ◽  
Asha Hegde
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Levels

Abstract Background: Adolescence is a tumultuous period of hormonal and psychological transitions ranging from 10 to 19 years (WHO). This growth phase is usually accompanied by stressors. Very few studies have reported the prevalence of stress levels among adolescent boys. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and determinants of stress and its tolerance levels among high school boys. Methods: A cross sectional study design was selected for this purpose. A standardized self reported questionnaire was administered to 1153 high school boys. A score of 130 and more was used to classify the participants as stressed. Results: The prevalence of stress and its tolerance levels was found to be 55% and 33.7%, respectively. Also correlations suggest that parental education and occupational status play a significant role in adolescent stress. Together, these findings suggest necessitating an intervention to counter the same. Conclusion: The proportion of stressed adolescent boys (55.5%) reported to have poor stress tolerance (41%). Studies addressing stress among high school adolescents remain unexplored. The basic determinants of stress are not researched upon these age groups. Our study reports the prevalence of stress to be 55% among high school boys. This could be the fundamental basis of designing suitable stress management programs for adolescents that could reduce their stress levels.

scholarly journals Effect of Pitching Consecutive Days in Youth Fast-Pitch Softball Tournaments on Objective Shoulder Strength and Subjective Shoulder Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Andrew Skillington ◽  
Robert H. Brophy ◽  
Rick W. Wright ◽  
Matthew V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The windmill pitching motion has been associated with risk for shoulder injury. Because there are no pitching limits on youth fast-pitch softball pitchers, these athletes often pitch multiple games across consecutive days. Strength changes, fatigue levels, and shoulder pain that develop among female fast-pitch pitchers over the course of consecutive days of pitching have not been investigated. Hypothesis: Over the course of 2- and 3-day fast-pitch softball tournaments, pitchers will develop progressive objective weakness and increased subjective shoulder fatigue and pain without complete recovery between days. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Fourteen female fast-pitch softball pitchers between the ages of 14 and 18 years were evaluated for strength and fatigue changes across 2- and 3-day tournaments. At the beginning and end of each day of tournament play, pitchers were asked to quantify shoulder fatigue and shoulder pain levels of their dominant throwing arm using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). Shoulder abduction, flexion, external rotation, internal rotation, elbow flexion, and elbow extension strength measurements were gathered using a handheld dynamometer. Results: Over the course of an average single day of tournament participation, pitchers developed significant increases in VAS scores for shoulder fatigue (median, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.0) and pain (median, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.5-2.3) and significant strength loss in all tested motions. Pitchers also developed significant increases in VAS shoulder fatigue (median, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.5-5.5), VAS shoulder pain (median, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-4.5), and strength loss in all tested motions over the entire tournament. Shoulder pain, fatigue, and strength do not fully recover between days. The accumulation of subjective shoulder pain and fatigue over the course of tournament play were closely correlated. Conclusion: Among youth female fast-pitch softball pitchers, there is a progressive increase in shoulder fatigue, pain, and weakness over the course of 2- and 3-day tournaments without full recovery between consecutive days of pitching.

scholarly journals “PREVALENCE OF SHOULDER PAIN IN PETROL PUMP WORKERS”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
AFROZ Z SHAIKH ◽  
SWATI A BHISE ◽  
SHILPA A PARAB
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Repetitive Activities ◽  
Job Profile ◽  
Petrol Pump

Shoulder pain (SP) is the most common problem in workers exposed to repetitive shoulder activity in their occupation. The petrol pump workers, who have repetitive activities of shoulder joint by picking and keeping the nozzle at petrol pump station.  This repetitive activity increases the demand on the muscles, ligaments, soft tissues of musculoskeletal system. This activity is carried out in standing posture. So the purpose of the present study is to know the prevalence of shoulder pain in petrol pump workers.AIM: - To study the prevalence of shoulder pain in petrol pump workers.METHODOLOGY:-A Observational –Cross sectional study done on 100 Petrol Pump Workers selected randomly with the job profile of filling the fuel with nozzle in vehicles 20 – 40 years of age  working since > 6months, without any shoulder injury, trauma and  neurological musculoskeletal problem. Questionnaire was prepared and validated.Non Parametric Test Were Applied. In this study only 49% Petrol Pump Workers people had shoulder pain where as 51% did not shoulder pain had.CONCLUSION: - The study shows that Petrol Pump workers ageing from 31 – 40 years who have experience of profession more than 5 years often suffer from shoulder pain which may be associated with repetitive activity of shoulder and faulty posture while working.

scholarly journals Swimming as Treatment of Scapular Dyskinesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Rogerio Freitas Ramos ◽  
Yonder Archanjo Ching San Junior ◽  
Leonardo Antunes Bellot de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Long Thoracic Nerve ◽  
Muscle Imbalance ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Experienced Pain

Scapular dyskinesis is quite frequent and can lead to shoulder pain. The diagnosis is essentially clinical. The main cause is muscle imbalance, between the trapezius, rhomboids, and pectoralis minor. In these cases, rehabilitation is the best treatment. We present a case of a young male patient with dyskinesis due to axonal involvement of the long thoracic nerve and paresis of the anterior serratus muscle. After a swimming program to increase muscular strength and imbalance, he experienced pain reduction and functional recovery of the upper limb, with reduction of the winged scapula.

Preseason Shoulder Disability Scores and the Ability to Identify Collegiate Swimmers Who Sustain Shoulder Injuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eric R. Levasseur ◽  
Kevin D. Dames ◽  
Mark A. Sutherlin ◽  
Alyson Dearie ◽  
Sonya Comins
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Questionnaire Score ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Collegiate- and elite-level swimmers can see extraordinary volumes in training throughout a season. Consequentially, injury and dysfunction in the shoulder are common in competitive swimmers. This study investigated whether preseason Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Questionnaire scores could identify collegiate swimmers who sustained a shoulder injury during an athletic season. A Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Questionnaire score of ≥81 was able to identify swimmers who did not sustain an injury versus those who did. The receiver operating characteristics demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.820, p < .004. A Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Questionnaire score of 81 had a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.333. The current findings suggest that selective preseason patient-reported outcome measures could be utilized as a preparticipation screening tool to investigate athlete readiness to compete.

Interrater and Intrarater Reliability and Validity of 3 Measurement Methods for Shoulder-Position Sense

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir K. Vafadar ◽  
Julie N. Cote ◽  
Philippe S. Archambault
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Laser Pointer ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional

Context: Joint-position sense (JPS) plays a critical role in the stability of shoulder joint. Restoration of JPS is essential to improve rehabilitation outcomes in individuals with shoulder injury. However, the number of affordable and reliable shoulder-JPS measurement methods for everyday clinical practice is limited. Objective:To estimate reliability and validity of 3 simple shoulder-JPS measurement methods. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: 25 healthy men and women. Main Outcome Measure: Absolute-error scores of JPS in 3 ranges of shoulder flexion (low, mid, and high), measured with a laser pointer, an inclinometer, and a goniometer in 2 separate sessions (48 h apart). Results: Overall interrater and intrarater intraclass correlation coefficients were .86 and .78 for the laser pointer, .67 and .70 for the inclinometer, and .60 and .50 for the goniometer, respectively. There was excellent reliability in the low range for the laser pointer and inclinometer methods, but fair to good and poor reliability in mid- and high ranges, respectively. All methods showed strong validity. Conclusion: The laser pointer and inclinometer JPS measurement methods are reliable and can be used by clinicians during rehabilitation of shoulder injuries.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Shoulder Pain and Disability in Division I Female Swimmers

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Harrington ◽  
Corinne Meisel ◽  
Angela Tate
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Division I ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Pain Subscale

Context:The prevalence of shoulder pain in the competitive swimming population has been reported to be as high as 91%. Female collegiate swimmers have a reported shoulder-injury rate 3 times greater than their male counterparts. There has been little information on how to best prevent shoulder pain in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine if differences exist in shoulder range of motion, upper-extremity strength, core endurance, and pectoralis minor length in NCAA Division I female swimmers with and without shoulder pain and disability.Methods:NCAA Division I females (N = 37) currently swimming completed a brief survey that included the pain subscale of the Penn Shoulder Score (PSS) and the sports/performing arts module of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Outcome Measure. Passive range of motion for shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) at 90° abduction was measured using a digital inclinometer. Strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer for scapular depression and adduction, scapular adduction, IR, and ER. Core endurance was assessed using the side-bridge and prone-bridge tests. Pectoralis minor muscle length was assessed in both a resting and a stretched position using the PALM palpation meter. All measures were taken on the dominant and nondominant arms.Results:Participants were classified as positive for pain and disability if the following 2 criteria were met: The DASH sports module score was >6/20 points and the PSS strenuous pain score was ≥4/10. If these criteria were not met, participants were classified as negative for pain and disability. Significant differences were found between the 2 groups on the dominant side for pectoralis muscle length at rest (P = .003) and stretch (P = .029).Conclusions:The results provide preliminary evidence regarding an association between a decrease in pectoralis minor length and shoulder pain and disability in Division I female swimmers.

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