scholarly journals Carbohydrate Ingestion Before and During Soccer Match Play and Blood Glucose and Lactate Concentrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Russell ◽  
David Benton ◽  
Michael Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Context: The ingestion of carbohydrate (CHO) before and during exercise and at halftime is commonly recommended to soccer players for maintaining blood glucose concentrations throughout match play. However, an exercise-induced rebound glycemic response has been observed in the early stages of the second half of simulated soccer-specific exercise when CHO-electrolyte beverages were consumed regularly. Therefore, the metabolic effects of CHO beverage consumption throughout soccer match play remain unclear. Objective: To investigate the blood glucose and blood lactate responses to CHOs ingested before and during soccer match play. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Applied research study. Patients or Other Participants: Ten male outfield academy soccer players (age = 15.6 ± 0.2 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.02 m, mass = 65.3 ± 1.9 kg, estimated maximal oxygen consumption = 58.4 ± 0.8 mL·kg−1·min−1). Intervention(s): Players received a 6% CHO-electrolyte solution or an electrolyte (placebo) solution 2 hours before kickoff, before each half (within 10 minutes), and every 15 minutes throughout exercise. Blood samples were obtained at rest, every 15 minutes during the match (first half: 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 minutes; second half: 45–60, 60–75, and 75–90 minutes) and 10 minutes into the halftime break. Main Outcome Measure(s): Metabolic responses (blood glucose and blood lactate concentrations) and markers of exercise intensity (heart rate) were recorded. Results: Supplementation influenced the blood glucose response to exercise (time × treatment interaction effect: P ≤ .05), such that glucose concentrations were higher at 30 to 45 minutes in the CHO than in the placebo condition. However, in the second half, blood glucose concentrations were similar between conditions because of transient reductions from peak values occurring in both trials at halftime. Blood lactate concentrations were elevated above those at rest in the first 15 minutes of exercise (time-of-sample effect: P < .001) and remained elevated throughout exercise. Supplementation did not influence the pattern of response (time × treatment interaction effect: P = .49). Conclusions: Ingestion of a 6% CHO-electrolyte beverage before and during soccer match play did not benefit blood glucose concentrations throughout the second half of exercise.

scholarly journals Soccer-Specific Fatigue and Eccentric Hamstrings Muscle Strength

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Greig ◽  
Jason C. Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Treadmill Protocol

Abstract Context: Epidemiologic findings of higher incidences of hamstrings muscle strains during the latter stages of soccer match play have been attributed to fatigue. Objective: To investigate the influence of soccer-specific fatigue on the peak eccentric torque of the knee flexor muscles. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Controlled laboratory environment. Patients or Other Participants: Ten male professional soccer players (age  =  24.7 ± 4.4 years, mass  =  77.1 ± 8.3 kg, V˙o2max  =  63.0 ± 4.8 mL·kg−1·min−1). Intervention(s): Participants completed an intermittent treadmill protocol replicating the activity profile of soccer match play, with a passive halftime interval. Before exercise and at 15-minute intervals, each player completed isokinetic dynamometer trials. Main Outcome Measure(s): Peak eccentric knee flexor torque was quantified at isokinetic speeds of 180° · s−1, 300° · s−1, and 60° · s−1, with 5 repetitions at each speed. Results: Peak eccentric knee flexor torque at the end of the game (T300eccH105  =  127 ± 25 Nm) and at the end of the passive halftime interval (T300eccH60  =  133 ± 32 Nm) was reduced relative to T300eccH00 (167 ± 35 Nm, P < .01) and T300eccH15 (161 ± 35 Nm, P  =  .02). Conclusions: Eccentric hamstrings strength decreased as a function of time and after the halftime interval. This finding indicates a greater risk of injuries at these specific times, especially for explosive movements, in accordance with epidemiologic observations. Incorporating eccentric knee flexor exercises into resistance training sessions that follow soccer-specific conditioning is warranted to try to reduce the incidence or recurrence of hamstrings strains.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fatigue on Soccer Skills Performed During a Soccer Match Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Russell ◽  
David Benton ◽  
Michael Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Match Play ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
Timing Effect ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Simulated Match

Purpose:This study examined the effects of exercise-induced fatigue on soccer skills performed throughout simulated match play.Methods:Fifteen academy soccer players completed a soccer match simulation (SMS) including passing, dribbling, and shooting skills. Precision, success rate, and ball speed were determined via video analysis for all skills. Blood samples were obtained before exercise (preexercise), every 15 min during the simulation (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min), and 10 min into half-time.Results:Preliminary testing confirmed test-retest repeatability of performance, physiological, and metabolic responses to 45 min of the SMS. Exercise influenced shooting precision (timing effect: P = .035) and passing speed (timing effect: P = .011), such that shots taken after exercise were 25.5 ± 4.0% less accurate than those taken before exercise and passes in the last 15 min were 7.8 ± 4.3% slower than in the first 15 min. Shot and pass speeds were slower during the second half compared with the first half (shooting: 17.3 ± 0.3 m·s-1 vs 16.6 ± 0.3 m·s-1, P = 0.012; passing: 13.0 ± 0.5 m·s-1 vs 12.2 ± 0.5 m·s-1, P = 0.039). Dribbling performance was unaffected by exercise. Blood lactate concentrations were elevated above preexercise values throughout exercise (time of sample effect: P < .001).Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that soccer-specific exercise influenced the quality of performance in gross motor skills, such as passing and shooting. Therefore, interventions to maintain skilled performance during the second half of soccer match play are warranted.

scholarly journals Delayed Rebound of Glycemia During Recovery Following Short-Duration High-Intensity Exercise: Are There Lactate and Glucose Metabolism Interactions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent A. Messonnier ◽  
Benjamin Chatel ◽  
Chi-An W. Emhoff ◽  
Léo Blervaque ◽  
Samuel Oyono-Enguéllé
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Peak Value

Lactate constitutes the primary gluconeogenic precursor in healthy humans at rest and during low-intensity exercise. Data on the interactions between lactate and glucose metabolisms during recovery after short-duration high-intensity exercise are sparse. The aim of the present study was to describe blood glucose ([glucose]b) and lactate ([lactate]b) concentration curves during recovery following short-duration high-intensity exercise. Fifteen healthy Cameroonian subjects took part in the study and performed successively (i) an incremental exercise to exhaustion to determine maximal work rate (Pmax) and (ii) a 2-min 110% Pmax exercise after which blood lactate and glucose concentrations were measured during the 80-min passive recovery. In response to the 2-min 110% Pmax exercise, [glucose]b remained stable (from 4.93 ± 1.13 to 4.65 ± 0.74 mmol.L−1, NS) while [lactate]b increased (from 1.35 ± 0.36 to 7.87 ± 1.66 mmol.L−1, p &lt; 0.0001). During recovery, blood lactate concentrations displayed the classic biphasic curve while blood glucose concentrations displayed a singular shape including a delayed and transitory rebound of glycemia. This rebound began at 27.7 ± 6.2 min and peaked at 6.78 ± 0.53 mmol.L−1 at 56.3 ± 9.7 min into recovery. The area under the curve (AUC) of [lactate]b during the rebound of glycemia was positively correlated with the peak value of glycemia and the AUC of [glucose]b during the rebound. In conclusion, the delayed rebound of glycemia observed in the present study was associated with lactate availability during this period.

Nutritional and Fluid Intake in a 100-km Ultramarathon

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran E. Fallon ◽  
Elizabeth Broad ◽  
Martin W. Thompson ◽  
Patricia A. Reull
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Race Performance

The fluid and food intakes of 7 male participants in a 100-km ultramarathon were recorded. The mean exercise time was 10 hr 29 min. Nutrient analysis revealed a mean inlrarace energy intake of 4.233 kJ. with 88.6% derived from carbohydrate. 6.7% from fat, and 4.7% from protein. Fluid intake varied widely. 3.3–1 1.1 L, with a mean of 5.7 L. The mean decrease in plasma volume at 100 km was 7.3%, accompanied by an estimated mean sweat rale of 0.86 L ⋅ hr−1. Blood glucose concentrations remained normal during the event, and free fatty acids and glycerol were elevated both during and at the conclusion of the event. No significant correlations were found between absolute amounts and rates of ingestion of carbohydrate and/or fluid and race performance.

Individual-based Creatine Kinase Reference Values in Response to Soccer Match-play

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ribeiro ◽  
Petrus Gantois ◽  
Vitor Moreira ◽  
Francisco Miranda ◽  
Nuno Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
The Absolute

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the creatine kinase reference limits for professional soccer players based on their own normal post-match response. The creatine kinase concentration was analyzed in response to official matches in 25 players throughout a 3-year period. Samples were obtained between 36–43 hours following 70 professional soccer matches and corresponded to 19.1±12.1 [range: 6–49] samples per player. Absolute reference limits were calculated as 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of the samples collected. Creatine kinase values were also represented as a percentage change from the individual’s season mean and represented by 90th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles. The absolute reference limits for creatine kinase concentration calculated as 97.5th and 2.5th percentiles were 1480 U.L−1 and 115.8 U.L−1, respectively. The percentage change from the individual’s season mean was 97.45±35.92% and players were in the 90th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles when the percentages of these differences were 50.01, 66.7, and 71.34% higher than player’s season mean response, respectively. The data allowed us to determine whether the creatine kinase response is typical or if it is indicative of a higher than normal creatine kinase elevation and could be used as a practical guide for detection of muscle overload, following professional soccer match-play.

Study of the Correlation between Tear Glucose Concentrations and Blood Glucose Concentrations

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 944-P
Author(s):  
MASAKAZU AIHARA ◽  
NAOTO KUBOTA ◽  
TAKASHI KADOWAKI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Tear Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations
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