scholarly journals Medical Nutrition Therapy for Older Adults with Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Yoon Seok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Nutritional Guidelines ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Type 2 diabetes mellitus becomes increasingly more common with age. As such, older adults represent a very heterogeneous group in terms of functional ability and cognitive status. Older adults with diabetes are distinct from younger adults with diabetes, leading to differences in therapeutic approach. Some important goals of nutrition therapy in older adults with diabetes include minimizing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and meeting individualized glycemic goals. Nutrition therapy for older adults with diabetes should include meeting the nutritional needs for patients while considering their age, evaluating their fluid intake, avoiding significant weight loss, and being sensitive to individual preferences and long standing food habits while advocating good nutrition. However, there is little evidence for nutritional guidelines for older adults with diabetes, thus more research is needed.

scholarly journals Age Differences in Executive Control Assessed with a Robotic Object Hit and Avoid Test of Rapid Motor Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 881-882
Author(s):  
Alexandra Watral ◽  
Kevin Trewartha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Abstract Motor decision-making processes are required for many standard neuropsychological tasks, including the Trail Making Test (TMT), that aim to assess cognitive functioning in older adults. However, in their standard formats, it is difficult to isolate the relative contributions of sensorimotor and cognitive processes to performance on these neuropsychological tasks. Recently developed clinical tasks use a robotic manipulandum to assess both motor and cognitive aspects of rapid motor decision making in an object hit (OH) and object hit and avoid (OHA) task. We administered the OH and OHA tasks to 77 healthy younger adults and 59 healthy older adults to assess age differences in the motor and cognitive measures of performance. We administered the TMT parts A and B to assess the extent to which OHA performance is associated with executive functioning in particular. The results indicate that after controlling for hand speed, older adults performed worse on the OH and OHA tasks than younger adults, performance declines were far greater in the OHA task, and the global performance measures, which have been associated with cognitive status, were more sensitive to age differences than motor measures of performance. Those global measures of performance were also associated with measures of executive functioning on the TMT task. These findings provide evidence that rapid motor decision making tasks are sensitive to declines in executive control in aging. They also provide a way to isolate cognitive declines from declines in sensorimotor processes that are likely a contributing factor to age differences in neuropsychological test performance.

Medical Nutrition Therapy in the Treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

2009 ◽  
pp. 245-260
Author(s):  
Olga Kordonouri ◽  
Caroline Apovian ◽  
Lauren Kuhn ◽  
Thomas Danne ◽  
Christos S. Mantzoros
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition

scholarly journals The role of celebrity diets versus medical nutrition therapy in type 2 diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 061-063
Author(s):  
Sandra Scrivens
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Modest Weight Loss ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medical Nutrition

AbstractWith global obesity affecting 475 million people worldwide, the continued popularity of celebrity or fad diets is not surprising. Evidence for their sustainability and long-term positive benefits on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk is, however, limited. Modest weight loss of 5-10% in overweight or obesity is associated with improvements in blood lipids, glycemia, and insulin resistance. As overweight and obesity are the main risk factors for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), medical nutrition therapy based on a balanced, reduced total energy diet, tailored to the individual, is recommended by the American Diabetes Association, Diabetes UK and transcultural diabetes-specific nutrition algrorithm (tDNA) guidelines.

scholarly journals Dietary Factors and Modulation of Bacteria Strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Verhoog ◽  
Petek Eylul Taneri ◽  
Zayne M. Roa Díaz ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
John P. Troup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii ◽  
Restriction Diet ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are highly abundant human gut microbes in healthy individuals, and reduced levels are associated with inflammation and alterations of metabolic processes involved in the development of type 2 diabetes. Dietary factors can influence the abundance of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii, but the evidence is not clear. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase to identify clinical trials investigating any dietary intervention in relation to A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii. Overall, 29 unique trials were included, of which five examined A. muciniphila, 19 examined F. prausnitzii, and six examined both, in a total of 1444 participants. A caloric restriction diet and supplementation with pomegranate extract, resveratrol, polydextrose, yeast fermentate, sodium butyrate, and inulin increased the abundance of A. muciniphila, while a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols decreased the abundance of A. muciniphila. For F. prausnitzii, the main studied intervention was prebiotics (e.g. fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin type fructans, raffinose); seven studies reported an increase after prebiotic intervention, while two studies reported a decrease, and four studies reported no difference. Current evidence suggests that some dietary factors may influence the abundance of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii. However, more research is needed to support these microflora strains as targets of microbiome shifts with dietary intervention and their use as medical nutrition therapy in prevention and management of chronic disease.

Medical Nutrition Therapy and Weight Loss Questions for the Evidence Analysis Library Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Project: Systematic Reviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1578-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollie A. Raynor ◽  
Patricia G. Davidson ◽  
Heather Burns ◽  
Micki D. Hall Nadelson ◽  
Shelley Mesznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Medical Nutrition

A Medical Nutrition Therapy Program Improves Perinatal Outcomes in Mexican Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otilia Perichart-Perera ◽  
Margie Balas-Nakash ◽  
Adalberto Parra-Covarrubias ◽  
Ameyalli Rodriguez-Cano ◽  
Aurora Ramirez-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Medical Nutrition

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a review of the diagnosis, clinical implications and management

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Vincent Wing-Ming Wong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Future ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that affects the wellbeing of mother and fetus. Women with GDM are at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future, while fetal exposure to hyperglycaemia in-utero may affect their glycometabolic profile later in life. Appropriate screening and management of this problem is important in ensuring good pregnancy outcomes. In this review, the clinical implications, the various ways to screen and diagnose GDM, and management strategies during pregnancy will be discussed. For years, insulin is the mainstay of treatment if medical nutrition therapy fails to maintain adequate glycaemic control, but use of other oral pharmacotherapy may gain greater acceptance in the future. Following delivery, ongoing follow-up of these women is worthwhile as early intervention through lifestyle or pharmacotherapy may prevent the development of diabetes.

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