Aksillere temperatuur vergelyk met timpaniese membraan temperatuur in kinders

The purpose of the study was to measure the axillary temperature at three, six and nine minutes in a hundred children between the ages of one and twelve years who were selected in a non-random deliberate way, and to compare the measurements with the tympanic membrane temperature (golden standard) which was measured in the test persons at the same time. The results were described by sensitivity, specificity, limits of agreement, and predictive values. From some of the findings of the research it is apparent that the axillary temperature reading increased after measurement of three, six and nine minutes. A maximum temperature reading was reached after three minutes in only 9% of the test persons, in 25% after six minutes and in 66% after nine minutes. From the findings it is clear that the ranges that were used influenced the sensitivity of the measurements, and it would appear that the range 35,5°C to 37,2°C was the best range to measure pyrexia in the age group one to 12 years. The 9- minute measurement then had the highest sensitivity. However, the specificity of measurement in this range was lower. The conclusion was drawn that axillary temperature measurement is an acceptable method, with certain reservations, to use as screening method for pyrexia in emergency divisions or clinics.

Download Full-text

Abdominal Circumference Alone versus Estimated Fetal Weight after 24 Weeks to Predict Small or Large for Gestational Age at Birth: A Meta-Analysis

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1604059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (11) ◽

pp. 1115-1124 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

José Yordan ◽

Bradley Holbrook ◽

Pranita Nirgudkar ◽

Ellen Mozurkewich ◽

Nathan Blue

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Screening Method ◽

Case Series ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Estimated Fetal Weight

Objective We compared the sensitivity and specificity of abdominal circumference (AC) alone versus estimated fetal weight (EFW) to predict small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) at birth. Study Design We searched the literature for studies assessing an ultrasonographic AC or EFW after 24 weeks to predict SGA or LGA at birth. Case series or studies including anomalous fetuses or multiple gestations were excluded. We computed the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of any AC or EFW cutoff analyzed by at least two studies. Results We identified 2,460 studies, of which 40 met inclusion criteria (n = 36,519). Four studies assessed AC alone to predict SGA (n = 5,119), and six assessed AC to predict LGA (n = 6,110). Sixteen assessed EFW to predict SGA (n = 13,825), and 22 evaluated EFW to predict LGA (n = 18,896). To predict SGA, AC and EFW < 10th percentile have similar ability to predict SGA. To predict LGA, AC cutoffs were comparable to all EFW cutoffs, except that AC > 35 cm had better sensitivity. Conclusion After 24 weeks, AC is comparable to EFW to predict both SGA and LGA. In settings where serial EFWs are inaccessible, a simpler screening method with AC alone may suffice.

Download Full-text

Somaticell® as a screening method for somatic cell count from bovine milk

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782012005000035 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1095-1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hélio Langoni ◽

Daniel da Silva Penachio ◽

Diego Borin Nóbrega ◽

Felipe de Freitas Guimarães ◽

Simone Baldini Lucheis

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Screening Method ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Almost All ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the correlation between electronic somatic cell count (eSCC) and Somaticell® under different milk somatic cell count (SCC) conditions and to different mastitis pathogens and calculate the, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of Somaticell® using different SCC limits established by different countries. Three-hundred and forty milk samples were aseptically collected according to the California Mastitis Test (CMT) result. The Somaticell® and eSCC were carried out in all milk samples. The correlation between Somaticell® test results and electronic counts was determined according to the CMT, isolated pathogen and eSCC score. According to the SCC scores established, 26.5% milk samples showed score 1 (69-166x10³cells mL-1), 26.8% score 2 (167-418x10³cells mL-1), 27.4% score 3 (419-760x10³cells mL-1) and 19.4% score 4 (761 to 1,970x10³cells mL-1). According to Spearmann correlation test, eSCC and Somaticell® had a positive correlation (P<0.05) in almost all conditions (except eSCC score 2 and score 3). The r value obtained between the SCC and Somaticell® was 0.32. It was observed that as the SCC thresholds increased, the sensitivity values decrease and specificity increased. The predictive values remained constant among all limits. When the SCC limit is lower (<760,000cells mL-1), Somaticell® resulted in higher counts than the SCC. As for samples with high SCC, Somaticell® resulted in lower counts than the eSCC. The correlation between the two methods remained relatively constant in all conditions and the sensitivity and specificity of the test is highly dependent of the threshold established. The results of this study suggest that Somaticell® is not useful to evaluate milk SCC, as its results are significant different from the eSCC. Therefore it could be used as a screening method, such as CMT, to detect an increase in the milk SCC.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the EYTEX® System as a Screening Method for the Ocular Irritancy of Chemical Products

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299402200106 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 32-50

Author(s):

Jean-François Régnier ◽

Christophe Imbert ◽

Jean-Charles Boutonnet

Keyword(s):

False Negative ◽

Screening Method ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Ocular Irritation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Dangerous Substances ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Interlaboratory Reproducibility

The EYTEX® method is an in vitro test used to predict ocular irritation, based on alterations in a protein matrix. We have evaluated this method with the aim of using it to screen chemicals. One hundred and forty-two products (commodities and specialities), having a wide range of chemical properties and ocular irritation potential in the rabbit, were tested with either the standard, MPA, AMA, KMA or UMA protocols. The results were compared with in vivo data obtained previously for each chemical and with the EEC labelling of eye irritation for dangerous substances. Intralaboratory repeatability and interlaboratory reproducibility were evaluated with seven other laboratories. Ninety-three per cent of the chemicals tested were qualified with the EYTEX method. The coefficients of the linear correlation between the EYTEX score and the maximal Draize score on the one hand and the maximal corneal score on the other hand, were 0.69 and 0.65, respectively. Compared to the EEC classification, the labelling of dangerous substances and for the prediction of severe irritants, sensitivity, specificity and equivalence were 94%, 89% and 78%, respectively. We observed nine false positives (22%) and two false negatives (2%) for the identification of R41-, R34- and R35-labelled products. The predictive values, for identifying R41, R34 and R35 products and non-irritants or R36 products were 78% and 97%, respectively. Repeatability (6.3) and reproducibility (8.9) were quite satisfactory. The EYTEX system exhibits the characteristics of a good screening method: compatibility with a large range of chemicals; a simple and rapid procedure; good intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility; cost effectiveness; high sensitivity, specificity and predictive value; and a low incidence of false negative and false positive results. Based on these results, we consider the EYTEX method to be a valuable tool for the screening of eye irritancy.

Download Full-text

Monofrequency electrical impedance mammography (EIM) diagnostic system in breast cancer screening

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-020-07283-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Blanca Murillo-Ortiz ◽

Abraham Hernández-Ramírez ◽

Talia Rivera-Villanueva ◽

David Suárez-García ◽

Mario Murguía-Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Electrical Impedance ◽

Screening Method ◽

Future Research ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Some evidence has shown that malignant breast tumours have lower electrical impedance than surrounding normal tissues. Electrical impedance could be used as an indicator for breast cancer detection. The purpose of our study was to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of electrical impedance mammography (EIM) and its implementation for the differential diagnosis of pathological lesions of the breast, either alone or in combination with mammography/ultrasound, in 1200 women between 25 and 70 years old. Methods This study is a prospective, cross-sectional epidemiological observational study of serial screening. The women were invited to participate and signed a consent letter. Impedance imaging of the mammary gland was evaluated with the computerized mammography equipment of MEIK electroimpedance v.5.6. (0.5 mA, 50 kHz), developed and manufactured by PKF SIM-Technika®. The successful identification of breast cancer along with the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of EIM were determined as follows: % sensitivity; % specificity; % positive predictive value (PPV); and % negative predictive value (NPV). Results EIM had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 96%; the positive predictive value was 12%, and the negative predictive value was 99%. Seven cases were biopsy confirmed cancers. Significant correlations between the electrical conductivity index and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.04) and patient age were observed (p = 0.01). We also observed that the average conductivity distribution increased according to age group (p = 0.001). We used the chi-squared test to assess the interactions between percent density and BMI (normal < 25 kg/m2 (n = 310), overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 418) and obese ≥30 (n = 437)) (p < 0.05). The patients with a diagnosis of mammary carcinoma had a BMI of 35.51 kg/m2. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the use of monofrequency electrical impedance mammography (EIM) in the detection of breast cancer had a sensitivity and specificity of 85 and 96%, respectively. These findings may support future research in the early detection of breast cancer. EIM is a non-radiation method that may also be used as a screening method for young women with dense breasts and a high risk of developing breast cancer.

Download Full-text

Tablet-based tele-audiometry: Automated hearing screening for schoolchildren

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare ◽

10.1177/1357633x18800856 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 140-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alessandra G Samelli ◽

Camila M Rabelo ◽

Seisse G Gandolfi Sanches ◽

Ana C Martinho ◽

Carla G Matas

Keyword(s):

Screening Method ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Hearing Screening ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Screening Protocol ◽

Diagnostic Values ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Screening Approaches

Introduction To assess the performance of a tablet-based tele-audiometry method for automated hearing screening of schoolchildren through a comparison of the results of various hearing screening approaches. Methods A total of 244 children were evaluated. Tablet-based screening results were compared with gold-standard pure-tone audiometry. Acoustic immittance measurements were also conducted. To pass the tablet-based screening, the children were required to respond to at least two out of three sounds for all the frequencies in each ear. Several hearing screening methods were analysed: exclusively tablet-based (with and without 500 Hz checked) and combined tests (series and parallel). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated. Results A total of 9.43% of children presented with mild to moderate conductive hearing loss (unilateral or bilateral). Diagnostic values varied among the different hearing screening approaches that were evaluated: sensitivities ranged from 60 to 95%, specificities ranged from 44 to 91%, positive predictive values ranged from 15 to 44%, negative predictive values ranged from 95 to 99%, accuracy values ranged from 49 to 88%, and area under curve values ranged from 0.690 to 0.883. Regarding diagnostic values, the highest results were found for the tablet-based screening method and for the series approach. Discussion Compared with the results obtained by conventional audiometry and considering the diagnostic values of the different hearing screening approaches, the highest diagnostic values were generally obtained using the automated hearing screening method (including 500 Hz). Thus, this application, which was developed for the tablet computer, was shown to be a valuable hearing screening tool for use with schoolchildren. Therefore, we suggest that this hearing screening protocol has the potential to improve asynchronous tele-audiology service delivery.

Download Full-text

Performance of three automated SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and relevance of orthogonal testing algorithms

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2020-1378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Evelyne Huyghe ◽

Hilde Jansens ◽

Veerle Matheeussen ◽

Ilse Hoffbauer ◽

Herman Goossens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Detection ◽

Diagnostic Specificity ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Negative Patient ◽

Antibody Assays ◽

Golden Standard ◽

Testing Algorithms ◽

Screening Sensitivity ◽

Testing Algorithm ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjectivesDevelopment and implementation of SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays gained momentum. Laboratories keep on investigating the performance of these assays. In this study, we compared three fully automated SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.MethodsA total of 186 samples from 84 PCR-positive COVID-19 patients and 120 control samples taken before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were analyzed using commercial serologic assays from Roche, Siemens and DiaSorin. Time after the positive COVID-19 PCR result and onset of symptoms was retrieved from the medical record. An extended golden standard, using the result of all three assays was defined, judging if antibodies are present or absent in a sample. Diagnostic and screening sensitivity/specificity and positive/negative predictive value were calculated.ResultsDiagnostic sensitivity (ability to detect a COVID-19 positive patient) ≥14 days after positive PCR testing was 96.7% (95% CI 88.5–99.6%) for DiaSorin, 93.3% (95% CI 83.8–98.2%) for Roche and 100% (95% CI 94.0–100%) for Siemens. Lower diagnostic sensitivities were observed <14 days after onset of symptoms for all three assay. Diagnostic specificity (ability to detect a COVID-19 negative patient) was 95.0% (95% CI 89.4–98.1%) for DiaSorin, 99.2% (95% CI 95.4–99.9%) for Roche and 100% (95% CI 97.0–100%) for Siemens. The sensitivity/specificity for detecting antibodies (ability of detecting absence (specificity) or presence (sensitivity) of COVID-19 antibodies) was 92.4% (95% CI 86.4–96.3%)/94.9% (95% CI 90.5–97.6%) for DiaSorin, 97.7% (95% CI 93.5–99.5%)/97.1% (95% CI 93.5–99.1%) for Roche and 98.5% (95% CI 94.6–99.8)/97.1 (95% CI 93.5–99.1%) for Siemens.ConclusionsThis study revealed acceptable performance for all three assays. An orthogonal testing algorithm using the Siemens and Roche assay achieved the highest positive predictive values for antibody detection in low seroprevalence settings.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Two Commercially Available DNA Tests for Detection of Human Papillomavirus

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s1064744995000147 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 255-262

Author(s):

Diane C. Halstead ◽

Sharon L. H. Pfleger ◽

William Dupree

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Dot Blot ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Acceptable Method ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: This study was designed to compare the sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, positive and negative predictive values, and ease of use for 2 commercially available hybridization kits for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA: Oncor Southern blot (SB) (Oncor, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD) and Digene ViraType dot blot (DB) (Digene Diagnostics, Inc., Silver Spring, MD).Methods: A total of 179 specimens (172 cervical and 7 penile biopsies) were assessed for acceptability based on the presence of epithelial cells and tested for HPV by DB and SB. The results were evaluated based on Papanicolaou-stained cervical specimens and selected risk factors.Results: One hundred six (97.2%) of 109 results were concordant, i.e., 93 negative (85.3%) and 13 positive (11.9%). Using SB as the gold standard, we found the sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and positive and negative predictive values for the ViraType DB to be 100%, 96.9%, 97.3%, 81.3%, and 100%, respectively. Comparing the Papanicolaou smear to SB and DB, we found the sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and positive and negative predictive values to be 33.3% (SB) vs. 44.4% (DB), 89.5% vs. 87.6%, 87.3% vs. 84.2%, 11.8% vs. 23.5%, and 97.0% vs. 94.9%, respectively. The only significant risk factor for predicting an HPV infection was the number of sexual partners.Conclusions: Although SB has been considered the standard model, DB is an acceptable method for detecting and identifying HPV infections.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of aseptic loosening of knee prostheses by quantitative bone scintigraphy

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.3413/nukmed-0123 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47 (04) ◽

pp. 163-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Steiner ◽

S. Laurich ◽

R. Bauer ◽

J. Kordelle ◽

R. Klett

Keyword(s):

Aseptic Loosening ◽

Bone Scintigraphy ◽

Revision Surgery ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Knee Prostheses ◽

Treatment Regimes ◽

Golden Standard ◽

The Difference ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Asymptomatic Control

SummaryIn not infected knee prostheses bone scintigraphy is a possible method to diagnose mechanical loosening, and therefore, to affect treatment regimes in symptomatic patients. However, hitherto studies showed controversial results for the reliability of bone scintigraphy in diagnosing loosened knee prostheses by using asymptomatic control groups. Therefore, the aim of our study was to optimize the interpretation procedure and to evaluate the accuracy using results from revision surgery as standard. Methods: Retrospectively, we were able to examine the tibial component in 31 cemented prostheses. In this prostheses infection was excluded by histological or bacteriological examination during revision surgery. To quantify bone scintigraphy, we used medial and lateral tibial regions with a reference region from the contralateral femur. Results: To differentiate between loosened and intact prostheses we found a threshold of 5.0 for the maximum tibia to femur ratio of the both tibial regions and a threshold of 18% for the difference of the ratio of both tibial regions. Using these thresholds, values of 0.9, 1, 0.85, 1, and 0.94 were calculated for sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy, respectively. To get a sensitivity of 1, we found a lower threshold of 3.3 for the maximum tibia to femur ratio. Conclusion: Quantitative bone scintigraphy appears to be a reliable diagnostic tool for aseptic loosening of knee prostheses with thresholds evaluated by revision surgery results being the golden standard.

Download Full-text

Discriminating Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules: The Nomogram Versus the Kwak and ACR TI-RADS

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599820939071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 163 (6) ◽

pp. 1156-1165

Author(s):

Juan Xiao ◽

Qiang Xiao ◽

Wei Cong ◽

Ting Li ◽

Shouluan Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Diagnostic Study ◽

Diagnostic Efficiency ◽

Training Set ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Validation Set ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective To develop an easy-to-use nomogram for discrimination of malignant thyroid nodules and to compare diagnostic efficiency with the Kwak and American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS). Study Design Retrospective diagnostic study. Setting The Second Hospital of Shandong University. Subjects and Methods From March 2017 to April 2019, 792 patients with 1940 thyroid nodules were included into the training set; from May 2019 to December 2019, 174 patients with 389 nodules were included into the validation set. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to develop a nomogram for discriminating malignant nodules. To compare the diagnostic performance of the nomogram with the Kwak and ACR TI-RADS, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results The nomogram consisted of 7 factors: composition, orientation, echogenicity, border, margin, extrathyroidal extension, and calcification. In the training set, for all nodules, the area under the curve (AUC) for the nomogram was 0.844, which was higher than the Kwak TI-RADS (0.826, P = .008) and the ACR TI-RADS (0.810, P < .001). For the 822 nodules >1 cm, the AUC of the nomogram was 0.891, which was higher than the Kwak TI-RADS (0.852, P < .001) and the ACR TI-RADS (0.853, P < .001). In the validation set, the AUC of the nomogram was also higher than the Kwak and ACR TI-RADS ( P < .05), each in the whole series and separately for nodules >1 or ≤1 cm. Conclusions When compared with the Kwak and ACR TI-RADS, the nomogram had a better performance in discriminating malignant thyroid nodules.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Narrow-band Imaging on the Pre- and Intra- operative Assessments of Neoplastic and Preneoplastic Laryngeal Lesions. A Systematic Review

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1719119 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carmelo Saraniti ◽

Enzo Chianetta ◽

Giuseppe Greco ◽

Norhafiza Mat Lazim ◽

Barbara Verro

Keyword(s):

White Light ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Narrow Band ◽

Narrow Band Imaging ◽

Resection Margins ◽

Predictive Values ◽

White Light Endoscopy ◽

Laryngeal Lesions ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

The Impact

Introduction Narrow-band imaging is an endoscopic diagnostic tool that, focusing on superficial vascular changes, is useful to detect suspicious laryngeal lesions, enabling their complete excision with safe and tailored resection margins. Objectives To analyze the applications and benefits of narrow-band imaging in detecting premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions through a comparison with white-light endoscopy. Data Synthesis A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases using strict keywords. Then, two authors independently analyzed the articles, read the titles and abstracts, and read completely only the relevant studies according to certain eligibility criteria. In total, 14 articles have been included in the present review; the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of pre- and/or intraoperative narrow-band imaging were analyzed. The analysis showed that narrow-band imaging is better than white-light endoscopy in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy regarding the ability to identify cancer and/or precancerous laryngeal lesions. Moreover, the intraoperative performance of narrow-band imaging resulted more effective than the in-office performance. Conclusion Narrow-band imaging is an effective diagnostic tool to detect premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions and to define proper resection margins. Moreover, narrow-band imaging is useful in cases of leukoplakia that may cover a possible malignant lesion and that cannot be easily assessed with white-light endoscopy. Finally, a shared, simple and practical classification of laryngeal lesions, such as that of the European Laryngological Society, is required to identify a shared lesion management strategy. Key Points

Download Full-text