scholarly journals The contradictory unity of faith and reason in Christian theoretical thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Astapov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Secular Age ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to demonstrate the unity of faith and reason as irrational and rational elements of the theoretical religious discourse on instances of Christian theoretical thought. This unity was represented as a dialectical contradiction, the violation of which led to the destruction of religious discourse. The contradictory unity of faith and reason was researched in European medieval philosophy and Russian religious philosophy in the first half of the 20th century and in the theoretical systems that were considered ways of explaining the relationship between faith and reason in Christian thought. This article reveals two historical types of the dynamic unity of faith and reason as well as violations of this unity: when medieval authors attempted to find the most effective relationship between faith and reason for Christian theology; and when Russian philosophers attempted to transmit theological knowledge by means of philosophy in the secular age. The results of the dynamic unity violations in both traditions are investigated as the conceptions that had been denied by these traditions. The main conclusion of the article is that Christian theoretical thought maintained the contradictions between faith and reason as a search for its development.

New Perspectives on Ethiopian and African Christianity: Communalities and Contrasts in Twentieth Century Religious Experience

Exchange ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-336
Author(s):  
Joachim Persoon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Life World ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRecent political developments and factors within Ethiopian studies have led to more emphasis on the African rather than Semitic elements in Ethiopian Culture. In the religious sphere likewise there are striking communalities in the 20th century experience of Ethiopian and wider African Christendom. Some of these can be ascribed to sharing similar sociological conditions i.e. religious resurgence as a response to the marginalisation and poverty associated with globalisation. However, resemblance between Ethiopian traditions and recently developed African Christian 'traditions' indicate more profound communalities in religious perception. The paradigm of the 'knowledge buffet' and the relationship between food and religion is developed into a scheme of three stages or courses in the evolution of African and Ethiopian Christendom. These are characterised by institutionalisation, indigenisation, and internationalisation. This exemplifies the interaction between global and local factors, as individuals seek empowerment and the transformation of a negative life world through the development of religious discourse.

Logica modernorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Joke Spruyt
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Critical Note ◽  
Eminent Scholar ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Logica modernorum. A critical note on Habermas’s portrait of medieval philosophy In his monumental history of philosophy, the eminent scholar Jürgen Habermas has managed to provide us with a thorough and very nuanced overview of thousands of years of western thought. The famous philosopher paints an impressive picture of the vicissitudes of the modernisation processes featuring in the history of western philosophy. The Leitmotiv of Habermas’s narrative is the way in which throughout history philosophy dealt with the question concerning the relationship between faith and reason. When it comes to the Middle Ages, it is not surprising that Habermas should focus on the opposition between Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham. However, by confining himself to the concepts of fides and ratio, he completely overlooks thirteenth-century developments in the domain of logic. To take note of these developments is fundamental to understand the process of modernisation in philosophy. The aim of this paper is to fill in the gap, by concentrating on thirteenth-century discussions of necessity and (logical) consequences.

BERTRAND RUSSELL E O DEBATE ATUAL SOBRE FÉ E RAZÃO

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (128) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Agnaldo Cuoco Portugal
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship

O presente artigo parte do famoso texto “Por que não sou cristão” de Bertrand Russell para apresentar algumas linhas fundamentais do debate atual sobre a relação entre fé e razão, e avaliar o quanto esse debate responde as indagações de Russell. Após expor as críticas do filósofo britânico aos principais argumentos em favor do teísmo, o artigo vai mostrar quatro abordagens da questão no debate atual. A primeira tenta dissolver o problema razão versus fé, ao defender que há concepções de fé que dispensam uma fundamentação da crença na existência de Deus. A segunda exemplifica as recentes abordagens da defesa argumentativa da crença na existência de Deus em termos indutivos e probabilísticos, apresentando algumas respostas às objeções de Russell. A terceira rejeita a tese fundamental de que a crença na existência de Deus só é racional se for baseada em argumentos. A quarta ataca o naturalismo cientificista pressuposto nas críticas de Russell à fé religiosa. Longe do que parecia no início do século XX, o debate sobre razão e fé está longe de resolvido.Abstract: This article stems from Bertrand Russell’s famous text “Why I am not a Christian” in order to present some fundamental lines of the current debate on the relationship between faith and reason and to assess to which extent this debate responds to Russell’s questions. After expounding the British philosopher’s criticisms to the main arguments offered to support theism, the article will show four approaches to the question in the current debate. The first one intends to dissolve the problem of faith versus reason by defending that there are alternative conceptions of faith which do not require a rational justification of the belief in the existence of God. The second exemplifies recent approaches concerning the arguments for the existence of God. This second approach uses inductive and probabilistic terms and presents some answers to Russell’s objections. The third one rejects the basic assumption that belief in the existence of God can only be rational if it is based on arguments. The fourth attacks the scientific naturalism which is presupposed by Russell’s criticisms towards religious faith. Different from what appeared to be at the beginning of the 20th century, the debate about faith and reason has yet to be resolved. 

Excursus I

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney H. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Doctrine Of The Trinity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Trinity

Greek and Syriac texts dating back to the late seventh century CE bear the earliest notices of emergent Islam recorded by Christians living in the conquered territories of the Levant. Formal conversations between representative Muslims and Christians were recorded in written notices by the early years of the eighth century. Theological treatises written by Christians first appeared also in the eighth century. This article examines Christian theology in the first ʿAbbāsid century and the relationship between Christianity and Islam throughout the period. It looks at the doctrine of the Trinity as a centrepiece of Arab Christian theology in the first ʿAbbāsid century and its role in the burgeoning systematic theology of the contemporary Muslimmutakallimūn. It also discusses a notable development in Islamic religious discourse in two places: Damascus in Syria and Baχra in Iraq.

GAGASAN PEMIKIRAN DAN GERAKAN DAKWAH M. NATSIR DI INDONESIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-295
Author(s):  
Muridan Muridan
Keyword(s):  
Boarding School ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islamic Values

M. Natsir was one of the most prominent figures in religious discourse and movement in Indonesia. He was ada’wa reformer as well as a politician and a statesman.His most well known ideas were about the relationship between Islamand state, Islam and Pancasila, and his idea on da’wa. He stated that a country would be Islamic because of neither itsformal name as an Islamic state nor its Islamic state principles. The principles of the state could be generally formulated aslong as they referred to the Islamic values. Natsir also stated that the essence of Pancasila didn’t contradict with Islam; evensome parts of it went after the goals of Islam. However, it didn’t mean that Pancasila was identical with Islam. In relation toda’wa, he stated that it should be the responsibility of all Muslims, not only the responsibility of kiai or ulama. To make a da’wamovement successful, he suggested that it needed three integrated components; masjid, Islamic boarding school, andcampus.

Gagasan Pemikiran dan Gerakan Dakwah M. Natsir di Indonesia

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Muridan Muridan
Keyword(s):  
Boarding School ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islamic Values

M. Natsir was one of the most prominent figures in religious discourse and movement in Indonesia. He was ada’wa reformer as well as a politician and a statesman. His most well known ideas were about the relationship between Islamand state, Islam and Pancasila, and his idea on da’wa. He stated that a country would be Islamic because of neither itsformal name as an Islamic state nor its Islamic state principles. The principles of the state could be generally formulated aslong as they referred to the Islamic values. Natsir also stated that the essence of Pancasila didn’t contradict with Islam; evensome parts of it went after the goals of Islam. However, it didn’t mean that Pancasila was identical with Islam. In relation toda’wa, he stated that it should be the responsibility of all Muslims, not only the responsibility of kyai or ulama. To make ada’wamovement successful, he suggested that it needed three integrated components; masjid, Islamic boarding school, andcampus.

Glaube und Vernunft

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Birgit Sandkaulen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Relationship

The question of the relationship between faith and reason marks one of the fundamental issues for classical German philosophy. The paper is guided by a systematic interest in identifying some common features in the approaches taken by Kant and Hegel that are also of interest for the contemporary discussion: 1. The specific modernity of Kant’s and Hegel’s considerations, evident in their rejection of the resources traditionally appealed to by religion and rationalist metaphysics; 2. the anti-naturalist conviction that, in contrast to animals, a metaphysical dimension is inscribed into the human mind; and 3. the thesis that metaphysical questions are existential questions arising from an impulse toward freedom, and hence that a purely theoretical approach is inadequate to address them.

What Is Jewish Philosophy?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Rudavsky
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Christian Philosophy ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
The World ◽  
Jewish Philosophy ◽  
Medieval Jewish Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Medieval Jewish philosophy, like Islamic and Christian philosophy, is fundamentally focused on the relationship between “faith and reason.” Arising as an effort toward harmonizing the tenets of Judaism with current philosophic teachings, medieval Jewish philosophy deals with problems in which there appears to be a conflict between philosophical speculation and acceptance of dogmas of the Judaic faith. This chapter reviews the nature of Jewish philosophy as well as the tension between Judaism and Science. It positions Jewish philosophy within the broader context of Western thought, and distinguishes philosophy from the world of the Rabbis. It then provides an overview of the major themes of the work, which include issues of omniscience, providence, reason, and moral theory.

Sleep Phenomena from the Perspectives of Islam and Science

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahwahida Mohd Yusof ◽  
Siti Norlina Muhamad ◽  
Arieff Salleh Rosman ◽  
Sarimah Noor Ahmad ◽  
Nor Farhah Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Taking Care

This article discusses the phenomenon of sleep, with emphasized to its importance, sleeping times, sleeping positions and even the etiquette of sleeping, from the views of Islam and Science. The Quran and Science are inseparable and the relationship between the two is highly balanced. Scientists have said that the phenomena of sleep is a miracle that deserves to be analysed and studied in depth, as it is a complex phenomena. Glory and Praise to be Allah Almighty has decreed in the Quran of the importance of sleep in the day and night, and that sleep is one of the signs of Allah’s Almighty power and is a miracle to be studied by each individual. Islam places great importance on taking care of one’s body and sleep is one need that has to be fulfilled. Scientists have stressed that sleep is needed to rest the brain, improve memory, and increase one’s energy. This shows that Islam places great importance on having productivity and alertness in each individual’s deed. Many scientific facts that had been clearly stated in a fundamental manner in the Quran could only be analysed with the advanced technology of the 20th century. These facts were not known when they were first revealed and are proof that the Quran is the book of Allah Almighty. The view of Islam on the sleep phenomenon is in line with and is according to the findings of contemporary scien

scholarly journals Another Name for Liberty: Revelation, ‘Objectivity,’ and Intellectual Freedom in Barth and Marion

Open Theology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-450
Author(s):  
Kristóf Oltvai
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
Saturated Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Karl Barth’s and Jean-Luc Marion’s theories of revelation, though prominent and popular, are often criticized by both theologians and philosophers for effacing the human subject’s epistemic integrity. I argue here that, in fact, both Barth and Marion appeal to revelation in an attempt to respond to a tendency within philosophy to coerce thought. Philosophy, when it claims to be able to access a universal, absolute truth within history, degenerates into ideology. By making conceptually possible some ‚evental’ phenomena that always evade a priori epistemic conditions, Barth’s and Marion’s theories of revelation relativize all philosophical knowledge, rendering any ideological claim to absolute truth impossible. The difference between their two theories, then, lies in how they understand the relationship between philosophy and theology. For Barth, philosophy’s attempts to make itself absolute is a produce of sinful human vanity; its corrective is thus an authentic revealed theology, which Barth articulates in Christian, dogmatic terms. Marion, on the other hand, equipped with Heidegger’s critique of ontotheology, highlights one specific kind of philosophizing—metaphysics—as generative of ideology. To counter metaphysics, Marion draws heavily on Barth’s account of revelation but secularizes it, reinterpreting the ‚event’ as the saturated phenomenon. Revelation’s unpredictability is thus preserved within Marion’s philosophy, but is no longer restricted to the appearing of God. Both understandings of revelation achieve the same epistemological result, however. Reality can never be rendered transparent to thought; within history, all truth is provisional. A concept of revelation drawn originally from Christian theology thus, counterintuitively, is what secures philosophy’s right to challenge and critique the pre-given, a hermeneutic freedom I suggest is the meaning of sola scriptura.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document