scholarly journals To what extent does socio-economic status still affect household access to water and sanitation services in South Africa?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Rhodes ◽  
Tamlyn McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

It is publically acknowledged that South Africa has recently met its millennium development goal of halving water and sanitation services (WSS) backlogs. However, significant deficits remain, especially in the case of sanitation. These shortfalls are unevenly distributed across provinces and can be tracked by socio-economic status. This article seeks to examine and identify the socio-economic factors that may affect poor WSS provision in South Africa. Using the 2014 South African General Household Survey, socio-economic indicators and access to WSS were analysed. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis indicate that access to WSS is largely determined by province, race and geographical location. It appears that higher quality levels of sanitation are less accessible relative to piped water access. Identifying these socio-economic factors affecting WSS provides obvious policy direction and better-targeted water infrastructural development.

scholarly journals A Study of Anthropometric and Socio-economic Factors Associated with Delayed Menarche in a Bengali Indian Population with Special Reference to BMI and 2D:4D Ratio

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Suddhasatta Ghosh ◽  
Dilip Mukherjee ◽  
Riddhi Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Delayed Menarche ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Introduction: The average age of menarche has declined over the last century but the magnitude of the decline and the factors responsible remain subjects of contention. Aims and Objectives: To study a group with delayed menarche in a cohort of Bengali Indian females with low to normal body weight. To investigate anthropometric characteristics (height, mid-parental height, weight, BMI), Socio-economic Status, Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) stages and 2D: 4D ratio ( ratio of lengths of second and fourth digits of both hands) in those with delayed menarche. To analyse the correlation of these factors with delayed age of menarche. Materials and Methods: A total of 614 children , aged 11- 16 completed years, of low to middle income family groups and attending suburban schools, were evaluated on the basis of predetermined questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Correlation of factors with delayed age of menarche was done by appropriate statistical methods Results and Analysis: Out of 190 children having delayed menarche (cases) and 424 children with normal age of menarche (controls) , the height percentile (p value: 0.642), BMI ( p value: 0.091), weight (p value: 0.12)and Mid-Parental Height (p value: 0.26) had no significant correlation , while SMR ( p value:0.00), 2D:4D ratio (p value:0.002) and low Socio-economic Status (p value: 0.00) had a significant correlation with delayed menarche. Conclusion: This study is the first to examine such a wide variety of anthropometric and socio-economic factors at a time in a single cohort of females with delayed menarche. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i4.5902 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.3(4) 2012 pp.24-31

scholarly journals Demographic and socio-economic factors affecting birth preparation and complication readiness (BPCR) practices in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Complication Readiness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistics Regression ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

BPCR practices by women in Nepal are still low. Still a relatively high percentage of women do not make BPCR to its fullest extent. Researches in developing countries show that various demographic, social and economic factors influence the BPCR practices by pregnant women. This paper examines the likelihood of BPCR practices based on women’s demographic, social and economic status in Nepal. NDHS 2011 data set has been utilized by applying bivariate logistics regression analysis technique to examine the effects of these variables on BPCR practices in Nepal. The analysis result shows high variations and gaps in BPCR practice based on demographic, social and economic status of women. Against this finding the study recommends implementation of appropriate policy and program measures by the government and other agencies to address the existing variations and gaps in BPCR practices among subgroups of women in Nepal. Further research studies focusing on the existing barriers on BPCR practice need to be conducted in Nepal especially among the women who are disadvantaged and marginalized.

Socio-economic factors and management practices followed in eastern Uttar Pradesh for rearing of Jaunpuri goat

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
V. Singh ◽  
Alok Yadav ◽  
Amit Jha ◽  
Jitendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The present investigation was undertaken to study the management practices and socio-economic factors affecting the farming of Jaunpuri goat in two districts of its native tracts in eastern Uttar Pradesh. viz., Allahabad and Jaunpur. Ten villages from Jaunpur and fifteen villages from Allahabad district were randomly selected for the present investigation. The findings revealed that most of the goat farmers in Jaunpur and Allahabad district were of marginal type in their land holding capacity with 47.61 and 68.18% respectively and they earned more than Rs.5000 per annum from goatery. Besides the goatery, the other professions of goat rearers are 60% farming, 33.33% labor, 6.67% small business in Jaunpur and 58.82% labour, 41.18% farming in Allahabad district. The literacy of the head of the Jaunpuri goat rearing family was 66.67 and 68.18 % respectively in the Jaunpur and Allahabad district and most of farmers have 6-8 members per family. The farmers of both districts used to house their goats mostly during night time. The result indicated that 70.48 and 80.91% farmers from Jaunpur and Allahabad districts keep their animal in the house during night. However, 29.52 and 19.09% of the farmers used to keep their animals in the goat shed both day and night. The overall percentages of close and open type house were 27.91 and 72.09%, respectively in Jaunpur and Allahabad district. Most goat sheds were Kuccha type, because of the poor economic status of goat farmer in these districts. The Jaunpuri goat is dual type of goat which produces milk and meat both. Thus the present findings indicated that in both the districts the farmers reared this breed for dual purpose.

scholarly journals Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Lorant ◽  
Christophe Croux ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
Denise Deliège ◽  
Johan Mackenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Material Standard Of Living ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Material Standard

BackgroundLow socio-economic status is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, but it is not yet known whether change in socio-economic status leads to a change in rates of depression.AimsTo assess whether longitudinal change in socio-economic factors affects change of depression level.MethodIn a prospective cohort study using the annual Belgian Household Panel Survey (1992–1999), depression was assessed using the Global Depression Scale. Socio-economic factors were assessed with regard to material standard of living, education, employment status and social relationships.ResultsA lowering in material standard of living between annual waves was associated with increases in depressive symptoms and caseness of major depression. Life circumstances also influenced depression. Ceasing to cohabit with a partner increased depressive symptoms and caseness, and improvement in circumstances reduced them; the negative effects were stronger than the positive ones.ConclusionsThe study showed a clear relationship between worsening socio-economic circumstances and depression.

scholarly journals How Are Community Socio-Economic Factors Associated with the Sales of Unhealthy Products: Alcohol, Tobacco and Unhealthy Snack Food in Low Income Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
Lauren Wallace ◽  
Elizabeth Racine ◽  
Rajib Paul ◽  
Shafie Gholizadeh ◽  
Caitlan Webster
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unhealthy Snacks ◽  
Unhealthy Snack ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Alcohol Sales

Abstract Objectives People under stress tend to use unhealthy coping mechanisms including using products like alcohol, tobacco and unhealthy snacks. The purpose of this study is to assess how measures of community socio-economic status, which may be proxies for community stress, are associated with the sales of unhealthy products (alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snacks) at a discount variety store chain. Specifically, we consider the following measures of community socio-economic status: population racial/ethnic composition, % of households on SNAP, % of households without a vehicle, walkability score and median community income. Methods Mixed effects linear regressions with random effects were used to examine the relationship between the weekly unit sales (per 1000 population) of three outcome variables (tobacco, alcohol, unhealthy snacks) and community socio-economic factors: % of households on SNAP, % of households without a vehicle, and median community income. Results The sales of alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snacks increased as the % of the population participating in SNAP increased. Other measures of community socio-economic status were not significantly (at 5% significance level) associated with tobacco or unhealthy snack sales. However, for alcohol sales, increases in: the median household income, walkability score and % of African American residents, were associated with a decrease in alcohol sales. Conclusions Low income neighborhoods frequently experience greater health burden compared to higher income neighborhoods. Understanding and quantifying the relationship between financial stress and unhealthy product consumption can help public health professionals intervene before chronic diseases manifest. Funding Sources Robert Woods Johnson Foundation.

Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasites Among Children Living in Gombak, Malaysia

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeswari B ◽  
Sinniah B ◽  
Hasnah Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Common Parasite ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Fecal specimens collected from 456 school children in Gombak, Malaysia, revealed an overall prevalence rate of 62.9%. The most common parasite found was Trichuris trichiura(47.1%) followed by Giardia intestinalis(14.7%), Entamoeba coli(11.4%), Entamoeba histolytica(9.9%) and Ascaris lumbricoides(7.9%). Infection rates were high among the Indonesian immigrant workers' children (90%) followed by the Orang Asli(79.5%), Malay (59.4%) and Indians (36.4%). Females (66.3%) had a higher prevalence rate than the males (58.5%). The prevalence of infection was found to be associated with the socio-economic status, water supply, sanitary disposal of feces and family size. Albendazole administered as a single dose (400 mg) was found to be effective against Ascaris (100%) and hookworm (92.3%) but was not effective against Trichuris(39.2%).

scholarly journals Determinants of Nutrition Status of Rural Preschool Children in Andhra Pradesh, India

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yasoda Devi ◽  
P. Geervani
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

A longitudinal study was conducted in four villages in the Medak district of Andhra Pradesh. One-hundred and ninety-seven children up to four years old were selected from low-income households in the study area. Pre-tested, structured interviews were conducted to collect information on child-related, maternal, paternal, and socio-economic factors from the households. Two child-related factors, number of diarrhoeal episodes and calorie adequacy of diet, showed a highly significant effect on a child's current as well as past nutrition status. The results of this study indicate a strong influence of socio-economic status and parental care on the control of infectious diseases and food intake, which are the two major causes for malnutrition among children in developing countries

scholarly journals STATUS SOSIAL-EKONOMI DAN KEPUASAN PENGHUNI APARTEMEN TRANSIT RANCAEKEK (ATR) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF HUNIAN MASYARAKAT BERPENGHASILAN RENDAH DI KAWASAN PERI-URBAN METROPOLITAN BANDUNG RAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Anita Vitriana
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Residential Satisfaction ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
West Java ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The research on the relationship between socio-economic status and the residential satisfaction is conducted at Rancaekek Transit Apartment (RTA) that located in Peri-urban Area of Bandung Metropolitan Area.  RTA is the largest modest flat that is managed by West Java Provincial Government as alternative dwellings for low-income industrial workers in West Java. As one of the evaluation models of modest flats implementation, this study aims to find out some socio-economic factors which affect the level of satisfaction of the occupants. In this study, the assessment of residential satisfaction was using indicators on physical condition and management of modest flats.  The examined socio-economic factors in this research consist of 16 attributes. Data was collected through questionnaires distribution, which spread to 93 respondents of RTA residents. Data processing and analysis of the relationship between satisfaction and socio-economic status were using chi-square bivariate method. The results showed that in the RTA occupancy with residential segments from a homogeneous economic status (low-income industrial workers), there were only social attributes which considered to have significant effects on occupant satisfaction. The four social attributes which have contributed to the level of residential satisfaction consist of the variable of marital status, the number of occupants in one unit, the counterpart of one residential unit and the location of the block.

scholarly journals A survey of car guards in Tshwane: Implications for private security policy and practice

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Steyn ◽  
Annika Coetzee ◽  
Harriet Klopper
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Shopping Centres

Car guards form an integral part of South Africa’s urban landscape. This article reports on a survey of 144 car guards in Tshwane to identify the implications of their work for private security policy and practice. The profile of respondents reflects their low socio-economic status and marginalisation from the formal economy. The study found that some car guards struggle to survive financially because of the daily levies payable to car guard agencies and the managers of shopping centres. The results of the study suggest that, despite positive sentiments and advancements in policy and legislation, regulation of the formal car guarding industry remains constrained due to inadequate implementation and monitoring. The article offers insights into the factors affecting car guarding as a form of private security in South Africa.

Gender differences in a bilingual Tamil-English community

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Vanithamani Saravan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract In this paper the relationship between socio-cultural, socio-economic factors and linguistic variables in a bilingual community in Singapore is examined. The results show that education and socio-economic status correlate significantly with linguistic variables. Socio-economic status and socio-psychological factors best help to explain gender differences in linguistic variation.

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