scholarly journals Evaluation of two different etorphine doses combined with azaperone in blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) immobilisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Gaudio ◽  
Liesel L. Laubscher ◽  
Leith C.R. Meyer ◽  
Louwrens C. Hoffman ◽  
Jacobus P. Raath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
African Ungulates

Chemical immobilisation is essential for veterinarians to perform medical procedures in wild African ungulates. Potent opioids combined with neuroleptic drugs are most often used for this purpose. The present study aimed at comparing the quality of immobilisation and effects on physiological variables between a high (high etorphine-azaperone [HE]: 0.09 mg kg–1) and low etorphine dose (low etorphine-azaperone [LE]: 0.05 mg kg–1), both combined with azaperone (0.35 mg kg–1), in 12 adult female boma-acclimatised blesbok. It was hypothesised that a reduction in etorphine’s dose in combination with azaperone would result in less cardiorespiratory impairment but likely worsen the quality of immobilisation. Both treatments resulted in rapid induction and recovery times. Overall inter-treatment differences occurred in pulse rate (HE and LE: 52 ± 15 and 44 ± 11 beats minute–1, p 0.0001), respiratory rate (HE and LE: 15 ± 4 and 17 ± 4 breaths minute–1, p 0.006), partial pressure of exhaled carbon dioxide (HE and LE: 62.0 ± 5.0 and 60.0 ± 5.6 millimetre of mercury [mmHg], p 0.028) and arterial carbon dioxide (HE and LE: 58.0 ± 4.5 and 55.0 ± 3.9 mmHg, p 0.002). Both HE and LE led to bradycardia, hypertension and marked hypoxia to a similar extent. Furthermore, quality of induction, immobilisation and recovery were similar in both treatments. The role of azaperone in the development of cardiorespiratory compromise and gas exchange impairment that occurred when these combinations were used is still unclear. Further studies are recommended to elucidate drug- and dose-specific physiological effects in immobilised antelope.

Ground Water–A Living Ecosystem

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Seppänen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Many living organisms affect the quality of the ground water. Precipitation and/or solubility of many inorganic compounds depends in some way or other on biological activity of living organisms. The role of bacteria and other organisms in these processes may be either direct or indirect. The oxygen consumption as a result of the decomposition of organic compounds is one of the most important processes affecting the quality of the ground water. In anoxic environments both iron and manganese are reduced becoming soluble in the ground water. In weakly buffered ground water the release of the carbon dioxide during decomposition of organic substances decreases the pH of the water promoting the solubility of iron and manganese. Most of the bacteria living in the ground water are psychrophilic and are attached on soil particles. Only few types of bacteria are free living.

scholarly journals The Role of Rehabilitation in Peripheral Paralysis of the Facial Nerve: A Case Report of a Patient Treated with a Neuro-Cognitive Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mariaconsiglia Calabrese ◽  
M. Ciriello ◽  
Mariaconsiglia Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
The Face ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Functional Components

Peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve is a pathology that, although not involves any risks for the patient's life, significantly affects not only motor, but also communicative, psychological, and social aspects, having an important impact on the quality of life. The most widely used therapeutic proposals do not always respond to the need to intervene on all the functional components related to the facial nerve, but to prevent and treat complications. The neuro-cognitive proposal, although not found in the literature or in the biomedical databases, takes into account the motor, communicative, verbal and non-verbal functions related to facial mimic, as well as the cognitive-exploratory function of some districts of the face and intervenes following the phases of nervous recovery limiting an abnormal reinnervation. The case reported concerns a patient with a paralysis caused by surgical removal of acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma), with grade III on the House-Brackmann scale, seems to be an example of how an approach of this type is constructed in such a way as to follow the various phases of recovery of the peripheral nerve injury, promoting the recovery of the various functions related to the facial. The patient evaluated with the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) went from 21/100 to 92/100 and did not develop synkinesias after about 5 months of treatment. The neuro-cognitive approach would seem to progressively improve the quality of movement. Moreover, being selective with respect to muscle recruitment and inserted in a functional perspective that respects recovery times, it would seem to limit the appearance of pathological sequelae such as synkinesias and spasms.

Cognitive Health Counseling 40+

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Eschen ◽  
Franzisca Zehnder ◽  
Mike Martin
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Main Outcome Variable ◽  
Further Development

This article introduces Cognitive Health Counseling 40+ (CH.CO40+), an individualized intervention that is conceptually based on the orchestration model of quality-of-life management ( Martin & Kliegel, 2010 ) and aims at improving satisfaction with cognitive health in adults aged 40 years and older. We describe the theoretically deduced characteristics of CH.CO40+, its target group, its multifactorial nature, its individualization, the application of subjective and objective measures, the role of participants as agents of change, and the rationale for choosing participants’ satisfaction with their cognitive health as main outcome variable. A pilot phase with 15 middle-aged and six older adults suggests that CH.CO40+ attracts, and may be particularly suitable for, subjective memory complainers. Implications of the pilot data for the further development of the intervention are discussed.

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