scholarly journals Metaphors of pain: the use of metaphors in trauma narrative with reference to Fugitive pieces

Literator ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
J. Anker
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Theory ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Trauma Narrative ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Anne Michaels ◽  
Neurobiological Research ◽  
The Brain

This article is a contribution to the recent interdisciplinary discourse between psychoanalysis, trauma theory and narrative by discussing the traumatic experiences of characters in the novel “Fugitive pieces” by Anne Michaels, with a specific focus on the metaphorical style of this novel. The article addresses the role of metaphor in the memory of trauma while comparing the relation between trauma, narrative and memory with reference to the work of Cathy Caruth, Van der Kolk and Margaret Wilkinson. Recent neurobiological research in the working of the brain during trauma and the insights of Borbelly in the role of metaphor during therapy are discussed. Insights of Lacan, Modell and Laplanche are integrated with those of psychologists like Knox, Borbelly and Van der Hart to counter arguments against the criticism brought against some of the metaphorical themes in “Fugitive pieces”. Metaphor is seen as one possible way of saying the inexpressible and the progression in the use of metaphor by patient and character alike is seen as one of the signs of healing from trauma.

scholarly journals Tim O’Brien’s representation of the subjugated other’s voice against war in The Things They Carried

Ars Aeterna ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Ammar A. Aqeeli
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
War Zone ◽  
The People

AbstractTim O’Brien’s Vietnam-based The Things They Carried has been criticized for exclusively depicting the painful and traumatic experiences of the American soldiers in the war zone. Despite the limited number of Vietnamese characters in the novel, and despite their relegation to the role of powerless and voiceless onlookers, their presence shows the degree of the power imbalance between Vietnam and America. This article demonstrates how O’Brien infused sentiments in his stories to emphasize his opposition to the war and his concern for the dignity of the Vietnamese people. O’Brien asserts that the main purpose of the United States’s invasion was to make Vietnam a learnable and controllable place. Through his critique of the United States’s imperial ambitions in Vietnam, O’Brien provides a representative voice for the people of Vietnam to share their sufferings from an unjust war.

scholarly journals The Representation of Cyprus’s Trauma in Andrea Busfield’s Aphrodite’s War: Conflict or Dialogue?

2017 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ingrida Eglė Žindžiuvienė
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Transgenerational Trauma ◽  
Trauma Narrative ◽  
National Trauma ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trauma Fiction

The aim of this article is to examine the representation of the events in Cyprus in the middle and second half of the twentieth century as depicted in Andrea Busfield’s novel Aphrodite’s War (2010). The article discusses the methods and narrative strategies of disclosing collective trauma and considers the fact-fiction dimension, arguing the presence of it in a trauma narrative. Narrative strategies in trauma fiction are discussed and the author’s approach to the restatement of the national trauma is analysed. It is debated whether the novel can be described as a post-trauma testimony and whether the narrative is constructed on unified memory concepts. Postmemory is viewed within the framework of transgenerational trauma and the role of collective memory in the transmission of trauma is emphasised. Based on the ethical charge of the narrative, the reader’s status in the relationship with a trauma novel is questioned.

scholarly journals The Novel Role of PPAR Alpha in the Brain: Promising Target in Therapy of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Wójtowicz ◽  
Anna K. Strosznajder ◽  
Mieszko Jeżyna ◽  
Joanna B. Strosznajder
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ppar Alpha ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Awake reactivation and suppression after brief task exposure depend on task novelty

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Won Bang ◽  
Dobromir Rahnev
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Visual Training ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Task Processing ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPreviously learned information is known to be reactivated during periods of quiet wakefulness and such awake reactivation is considered to be a key mechanism for memory consolidation. We recently demonstrated that feature-specific awake reactivation occurs in early visual cortex immediately after extensive visual training on a novel task. To understand the exact role of awake reactivation, here we investigated whether such reactivation depends specifically on the task novelty. Subjects completed a brief visual task that was either novel or extensively trained on previous days. Replicating our previous results, we found that awake reactivation occurs for the novel task even after a brief learning period. Surprisingly, however, brief exposure to the extensively trained task led to “awake suppression” such that neural activity immediately after the exposure diverged from the pattern for the trained task. Further, subjects who had greater performance improvement showed stronger awake suppression. These results suggest that the brain operates different post-task processing depending on prior visual training.

scholarly journals Deep sequencing of small RNA facilitates tissue and sex specific microRNA discovery in zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida Vaz ◽  
Choon Wei Wee ◽  
Serene Gek Ping Lee ◽  
Philip W Ingham ◽  
Vivek Tanavde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Mirna Expression Data ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Genomic Resource ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Role of microRNAs in gene regulation has been well established. Though the number of genes appear to be equal between human and zebrafish, miRNAs detected in zebrafish (~247) is significantly low compared to human (~2000; miRBase Release 19). It appears that most of the miRNAs in zebrafish are yet to be discovered. Using next generation sequencing technology, we sequenced small RNAs from brain, gut, liver, ovary, testis, eye, heart and embryo of zebrafish. In few tissues (brain, gut, liver) sequencing was done sex specifically. About 16-62% of the sequenced reads mapped to known miRNAs of zebrafish, with the exceptions of ovary (5.7%) and testis (7.8%). We used miRDeep2, the miRNA predication tool, to discover the novel miRNAs using the un-annotated reads that ranged from 7.6 to 23.0%, with exceptions of ovary (51.4%) and testis (55.2%) that had the largest pool of un-annotated reads. The prediction tool identified a total of 459 novel pre-miRNAs. Comparison of miRNA expression data of the tissues showed the presence of tissue and sex specific miRNAs that could serve as biomarkers. The brain and liver had highest number of tissue specific (36) and sex specific (34) miRNAs, respectively. Taken together, we have made a comprehensive approach to identify tissue and sex specific miRNAs from zebrafish. Further, we have discovered 459 novel pre-miRNAs (~30% homology to human miRNA) as additional genomic resource for zebrafish. This resource can facilitate further investigations to understand miRNA-mRNA gene regulatory network in zebrafish which will have implications to understand human miRNA function.

scholarly journals Traumatic Experiences in Eka Kurniawan's Novel Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Endang Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Trauma Narrative ◽  
The Media ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

The emergence of trauma study with the publication of Cathy Caruth's Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History have gained significant interest in analyzing traumatic experiences in literary works. Literary trauma is seen as the media and alternative to read the wound and trauma through narration and fiction in the form of an anxiety plot. This study aims to analyze the traumatic experiences in Eka Kurniawan's novel entitled Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas. This research is descriptive qualitative in nature. The objects of this research are the traumatic events and experiences in Kurniawan's novel. The data were collected by note taking and highlighting the relevant traumatic event and analyzed using the concept of trauma and memory of Cathy Caruth. The result shows that the characters in this novel respond to trauma differently such as having intrusive thoughts, re-experiencing the trauma through flashbacks and dreams, avoidance, and having negative feelings and moods. The novel shows that the socio-cultural environment can become the greatest source of trauma as well as offer the healing process for the traumatized through compassion and understanding. The characters' traumatic experience is narrated by the unknown godlike narrator. Through the portrayal of the characters, Kurniawan reveals how pain, suffering, and traumatic experiences lead the characters to gain high self-esteem, self-knowledge, and philosophical understanding of social reality.

scholarly journals Six-legged walking in insects: how CPGs, peripheral feedback, and descending signals generate coordinated and adaptive motor rhythms

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salil S. Bidaye ◽  
Till Bockemühl ◽  
Ansgar Büschges
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Neurobiological Research ◽  
Descending Influences ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Brain

Walking is a rhythmic locomotor behavior of legged animals, and its underlying mechanisms have been the subject of neurobiological research for more than 100 years. In this article, we review relevant historical aspects and contemporary studies in this field of research with a particular focus on the role of central pattern generating networks (CPGs) and their contribution to the generation of six-legged walking in insects. Aspects of importance are the generation of single-leg stepping, the generation of interleg coordination, and how descending signals influence walking. We first review how CPGs interact with sensory signals from the leg in the generation of leg stepping. Next, we summarize how these interactions are modified in the generation of motor flexibility for forward and backward walking, curve walking, and speed changes. We then review the present state of knowledge with regard to the role of CPGs in intersegmental coordination and how CPGs might be involved in mediating descending influences from the brain for the initiation, maintenance, modification, and cessation of the motor output for walking. Throughout, we aim to specifically address gaps in knowledge, and we describe potential future avenues and approaches, conceptual and methodological, with the latter emphasizing in particular options arising from the advent of neurogenetic approaches to this field of research and its combination with traditional approaches.

“An automatic Bible in the brain”: Trauma and prayer among Acholi Pentecostals in northern Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 136346152110185
Author(s):  
Lars H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

This article examines the role of prayers for traumatized survivors of war within a Pentecostal-charismatic community in post-conflict northern Uganda. It argues that becoming part of a church group and learning certain regimes of prayer can work toward symptom relief and recovery for people suffering from traumatic experiences. The study builds on 13 months of ethnographic fieldwork in rural northern Uganda, with extensive participant observation of religious practices and interviews with rural church congregants. The article attempts to show, through a single case narrative, how individual prayer practices are trained and learned and to identify features of prayer that may alter the individual experience of distress. Analytically, the article builds on Tanya Luhrmann’s scholarship on prayer and applies this conceptual framework to a post-conflict context. The study expands on Luhrmann’s concepts of prayer as an emotional technology in order to understand how psychiatric symptoms are managed within a Pentecostal-charismatic community. The article further argues that a conceptual focus on training of skills can contribute to debates on the universal versus particular characteristics of psychiatric expression and concepts of mind. This argument contributes to current debates on non-clinical ways of managing traumatic experiences and to debates about models of mind in different cultural settings.

scholarly journals Autism-like syndrome is induced by pharmacological suppression of BET proteins in young mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa M. Sullivan ◽  
Ana Badimon ◽  
Uwe Schaefer ◽  
Pinar Ayata ◽  
James Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neuronal Gene ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Epigenetic Processes ◽  
Young Mice

Studies investigating the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) point to genetic, as well as epigenetic, mechanisms of the disease. Identification of epigenetic processes that contribute to ASD development and progression is of major importance and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we identify the bromodomain and extraterminal domain–containing proteins (BETs) as epigenetic regulators of genes involved in ASD-like behaviors in mice. We found that the pharmacological suppression of BET proteins in the brain of young mice, by the novel, highly specific, brain-permeable inhibitor I-BET858 leads to selective suppression of neuronal gene expression followed by the development of an autism-like syndrome. Many of the I-BET858–affected genes have been linked to ASD in humans, thus suggesting the key role of the BET-controlled gene network in the disorder. Our studies suggest that environmental factors controlling BET proteins or their target genes may contribute to the epigenetic mechanism of ASD.

scholarly journals A Study of Traumatic Experiences of Female Characters in Sophia Khan’s Novel “Yasmeen”

sjesr ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Mehreen Zafar ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Ahsan ◽  
Dr. Zahoor Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Trauma Theory ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Trauma Fiction

The current study aims to explore the traumatic experiences of female characters of Sophia Khan’s Yasmeen. M. Balaev (2014) identified “the concept of trauma as pathological and unspeakable” in the genre of trauma fiction. The insights Bloom’s Psychological Trauma Theory (1999) provided the theoretical framework for the descriptive and critical textual analysis of the novel which in turn disclosed the traumatic experiences of leading female characters, Yasmeen, Irenie, Celeste and Mehrunissa. The current study is in the qualitative paradigm of research and suggested through findings that the female characters are suffering from various traumatic experiences resulted through the loss, distrust, immoral values, and re-enactment; the teenage young characters, Irenie and Celeste can dilute the trauma by dissociating the emotions whereas Yasmeen and Mehrunissa, the adult characters cannot cope their traumatic experiences.  Though the traumatic experiences of all characters are separate in content and degree but the traumatic experiences of ‘Evolution’s legacy’, emotions of loss, and ‘Learned helpless’, constrained actions, are common to all female characters.

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